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WorksheetsES Benchmark 1 Study Guide
Total questions: 49
Worksheet time: 53mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
A turtle kept at the Audubon Zoo’s exhibit is fed a green leaf diet, which is consistent with her herbivorous food preference. In the past few months, however, this turtle refuses to eat any sort of vegetable. Which of the following is a valid visual observation?
a)
The turtle prefers herbivorous food.
b)
The turtle did not eat any vegetable.
c)
The turtle lost 2 kg of weight.
d)
The turtle probably has an infection.
2.
What are the steps of the scientific method, in order?
a)
Question - Hypothesis - Experiment - Analysis - Conclusion
b)
Hypothesis - Analysis - Experiment - Conclusion - Question
c)
Conclusion - Experiment - Analysis - Question - Hypothesis
d)
Hypothesis - Question - Experiment - Conclusion - Analysis
3.
What kinds of affects could an increase carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases have on Earth and the organisms that live on Earth?
a)
Cause harm because it pollutes the air they breath.
b)
Cause harm because it destroys the ozone layer.
c)
Cause harm because it changes the climate.
d)
Benefit them because it improves the environment.
4.
What is the phenomenon shown throughout this entire picture?
a)
Acid Rain
b)
Climate Change
c)
Ozone Hole
d)
Air Pollution
5.
What are the 5 atmospheric layers, in order starting from the Earth's surface?
a)
Exosphere - Thermosphere - Mesosphere - Stratosphere - Troposphere
b)
Stratosphere - Troposphere - Mesosphere - Thermosphere - Exosphere
c)
Troposphere - Mesosphere - Thermosphere - Stratosphere - Exosphere
d)
Troposphere - Stratosphere - Mesosphere - Thermosphere - Exosphere
6.
What part of the Earth receives the most direct sunlight?
a)
Low-Latitudes (tropics)
b)
High-Latitudes (poles)
c)
Mid-Latitudes (where we live)
d)
Depends on the season
7.
What is combustion?
a)
Decomposing
b)
Recycling
c)
Burning
d)
Burying
8.
What is a dependent variable?
a)
What the experimenter changes to test if it causes an effect.
b)
What the experimenter measures to find out if there was an effect.
c)
Variables that should be held the same throughout the experiment.
d)
Variables that serve as a standard for comparison for what would happen without an experiment.
9.
Where does combustion occur in the carbon cycle?
a)
Using fossil fuels in power plants & automobiles
b)
Photosynthesis by producers
c)
Decomposing dead organic matter
d)
Respiration by consumers
10.
What is transpiration?
a)
Water changing phase from liquid to vapor
b)
Nitrogen runoff causing hypoxia in aquatic systems
c)
Movement of water from plant leaves to the atmosphere
d)
Phosphorous transfer due to erosion of rocks
11.
What is the source of energy in the water cycle?
a)
Sun
b)
Geothermal
c)
Deep ocean vents
d)
Human activities
12.
What is the process that converts nitrogen into usable forms for organisms?
a)
Assimilation
b)
Denitrification
c)
Nitrification
d)
Nitrogen fixation
13.
In which layer of the atmosphere does temperature decrease with altitude?
a)
Troposphere
b)
Stratosphere
c)
It decreases in every layer
d)
It increases in every layer
14.
Which gas makes up the greatest percentage of the atmosphere?
a)
Carbon dioxide
b)
Methane
c)
Nitrogen
d)
Oxygen
15.
Which gas makes up the 2nd greatest percentage of the atmosphere?
a)
Carbon dioxide
b)
Methane
c)
Nitrogen
d)
Oxygen
16.
How do plants lose water to the atmosphere?
a)
Evaporation
b)
Condensation
c)
Transpiration
d)
Runoff
17.
How does combustion of fossil fuels contribute to global warming?
a)
Releases greenhouse gases which trap more thermal radiation.
b)
Releases greenhouse gases which trap more visible light.
c)
Releases chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which causes the ozone hole, letting in more UV radiation.
d)
Releases sulfur & nitrogen oxides which cause acid rain & disrupt the water cycle.
18.
How can humans reduce the use of fossil fuels to better protect the environment?
a)
Use lower sulfur "clean" coal in power plants.
b)
Switch to renewable energy sources.
c)
Stop using aerosols & refrigerants that contain CFCs.
d)
Don't litter.
19.
What is an abiotic factor?
a)
Living things, such as water & sunlight
b)
Non-living things, such as water & sunlight
c)
Living things, such as plants & animals
d)
Non-living things, such as plants & animals
20.
What is a biotic factor?
a)
Living things, such as water & sunlight
b)
Non-living things, such as water & sunlight
c)
Living things, such as plants & animals
d)
Non-living things, such as plants & animals
21.
What is acid rain, & how is it caused?
a)
Low pH precipitation, caused by fossil fuel combustion releasing sulfur gases
b)
Low pH precipitation, caused by fossil fuel combustion releasing carbon gases
c)
High pH precipitation, caused by fossil fuel combustion releasing sulfur gases
d)
High pH precipitation, caused by fossil fuel combustion releasing carbon gases
22.
What causes present-day climate change?
a)
Increased levels of CFCs from fossil fuel combustion & deforestation
b)
Increased levels of greenhouse gases from fossil fuel combustion & deforestation
c)
Natural changes in the Sun's radiation & Earth's orbit that cycle over thousands of years.
d)
The cause is still unknown & being debated by scientists.
23.
Which of the following is an example of observation?
a)
Taking notes on the behavior of a nutria rat in your yard.
b)
Looking up the average weight of nutria rats.
c)
Determining the taxa, species, and genus of the nutria rat.
d)
Reading published scientific articles about nutria rats.
24.
During an experiment, researchers kept different groups of plants at different but constant temperatures for twenty-four hours every day. According to the graph, at what temperature did primroses grow best?
a)
30oF
b)
50oF
c)
70oF
d)
90oF
25.
The table represents the organisms in a pond at different temperatures, in millions per liter. The number of which type of organism is constant after the pond reaches 20oF?
a)
Bacteria
b)
Fungi
c)
Algae
d)
Viruses
26.
The table represents the organisms in a pond at different temperatures, in millions per liter. Extrapolating the same growth pattern, how many bacteria will likely be measured when pond reaches 30oF?
a)
480
b)
640
c)
860
d)
1270
27.
The table represents the organisms in a pond at different temperatures, in millions per liter. Which type of organism is not directly determined by temperature?
a)
Bacteria
b)
Fungi
c)
Algae
d)
Viruses
28.
The table represents the organisms in a pond at different temperatures, in millions per liter. Which type of organism shows a steady, linear increase with temperature?
a)
Bacteria
b)
Fungi
c)
Algae
d)
Viruses
29.
Which of the following best explains why a student researching genetics should use the most recent textbooks available?
a)
New discoveries frequently add to older knowledge in genetics.
b)
Older textbooks are more difficult to understand.
c)
Research in Mendelian genetics began very recently.
d)
No technologies from more than ten years ago are still in use.
30.
Which question cannot be answered scientifically?
a)
How much food does a water buffalo consume in one day?
b)
How heavy is a mature female elephant?
c)
How fast can a tiger run?
d)
How happy is a chimpanzee when it finds its favorite food?
31.
What is a dependent variable?
a)
What the experimenter changes to test if it causes an effect.
b)
What the experimenter measures to find out if there was an effect.
c)
Variables that should be held the same throughout the experiment.
d)
Variables that serve as a standard for comparison for what would happen without an experiment.
32.
What is an independent variable?
a)
What the experimenter changes to test if it causes an effect.
b)
What the experimenter measures to find out if there was an effect.
c)
Variables that should be held the same throughout the experiment.
d)
Variables that serve as a standard for comparison for what would happen without an experiment.
33.
Where is the dependent variable plotted on a line or bar graph?
a)
x-axis, which is horizontal
b)
x-axis, which is vertical
c)
y-axis, which is horizontal
d)
y-axis, which is vertical
34.
Where is the independent variable plotted on a line or bar graph?
a)
x-axis, which is horizontal
b)
x-axis, which is vertical
c)
y-axis, which is horizontal
d)
y-axis, which is vertical
35.
What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?
a)
To make sure all variables are measured.
b)
To serve as a standard for comparison.
c)
To hold constant all variables other than the independent variable.
d)
To be exposed to the independent variable to test an effect.
36.
What are the constants in an experiment?
a)
Any factor or condition that might affect the result other than the independent variable.
b)
A group of test subjects not exposed to the independent variable.
c)
Variables which increase or decrease at a steady, linear rate.
d)
The variable that responds to what the experimenter changes.
37.
What is the purpose of a scientific experiment?
a)
To determine the effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable.
b)
To determine the effect of a dependent variable on an independent variable.
c)
To determine the effect of an experimental group on a control group.
d)
To get grant money & trick people into believing in climate change to expand federal government power.
38.
If the results and data that you have gathered from your multiple experiments do not support your hypothesis, what should you do with your hypothesis?
a)
Change the data to make it fit the hypothesis.
b)
Discard your results as meaningless.
c)
Reject or revise your hypothesis.
d)
Confirm your hypothesis.
39.
Which biogeochemical cycle does not involve the atmosphere?
a)
Carbon
b)
Nitrogen
c)
Sulfur
d)
Phosphorus
40.
What can happen when it rains on fields where farmers have used fertilizer that contains nitrogen & phosphorus?
a)
Acid rain
b)
Climate change
c)
Eutrophication
d)
Ozone depletion
41.
Scientist believe that over the past 100 years, global temperatures have increased by how much?
a)
0.1oC
b)
0.5oC
c)
1oC
d)
5oC
42.
Why isn’t the phosphorous cycle included in the atmosphere?
a)
Because phosphorous is only present in the ocean.
b)
Because it's so heavy that it immediately falls back to Earth.
c)
Because phosphorous rarely exists as a gas.
d)
Because phosphorous quickly escapes to space once emitted.
43.
Where in the nitrogen cycle does fixation (when nitrogen gas is converted to a usable form) take place?
a)
In cloud droplets & precipitation
b)
On the roots of legumes like soy beans & peanuts
c)
In the surface ocean where zooplankton can facilitate it
d)
In the low-oxygen waters caused by runoff & eutrophication
44.
A student investigated whether ants dig more tunnels in the light or in the dark. Ten ant colonies were set up with the same number & type of ants, same amount of food, & same temperature. Five of the colonies were exposed to normal light & five were covered with black construction paper, Every other day for three weeks the length of the tunnels was measured. What is the independent variable?
a)
Light
b)
Length of tunnel
c)
Number of ants
d)
Temperature
45.
A student investigated whether ants dig more tunnels in the light or in the dark. Ten ant colonies were set up with the same number & type of ants, same amount of food, & same temperature. Five of the colonies were exposed to normal light & five were covered with black construction paper, Every other day for three weeks the length of the tunnels was measured. What is the dependent variable?
a)
Light
b)
Length of tunnel
c)
Number of ants
d)
Temperature
46.
A student investigated whether ants dig more tunnels in the light or in the dark. Ten ant colonies were set up with the same number & type of ants, same amount of food, & same temperature. Five of the colonies were exposed to normal light & five were covered with black construction paper, Every other day for three weeks the length of the tunnels was measured. Which is a constant?
a)
The ants in the light
b)
The ants in the dark
c)
Amount of food
d)
Length of tunnels
47.
A student investigated whether ants dig more tunnels in the light or in the dark. Ten ant colonies were set up with the same number & type of ants, same amount of food, & same temperature. Five of the colonies were exposed to normal light & five were covered with black construction paper, Every other day for three weeks the length of the tunnels was measured. What is the control group?
a)
The ants in the light
b)
The ants in the dark
c)
Amount of food
d)
Length of tunnels
48.
Based on the table, what is the relationship between temperature & dissolved oxygen concentration in water?
a)
As temperature increases, oxygen concentration increases.
b)
As temperature increases, oxygen concentration decreases.
c)
As temperature increases, oxygen concentration increases only in freshwater.
d)
As temperature increases, oxygen concentration decreases only in freshwater.
49.
Based on the image, what is the increase in average global surface temperature since 1880?
a)
0 oC
b)
0.5 oC
c)
0.8 oC
d)
1.5 oC
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