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WorksheetsEarth's Changing Surface, Rocks and Minerals
Total questions: 96
Worksheet time: 2hrs 10mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
The way a surface (of a mineral) reflect light. Either metallic or nonmetallic:
a)
Cleavage
b)
Streak
c)
Luster
d)
Reflection
2.
Many minerals form from the cooling of magma. If the magma cools slowly, what size are the crystals?
a)
small
b)
large
c)
no crystals
3.
If a mineral does not break smoothly, and leaves an uneven surface:
a)
cleavage
b)
fracture
c)
hardness
d)
inorganic
4.
The density of a mineral is ___________________.
a)
The same regardless of the size of the mineral
b)
gets bigger as the size gets bigger
c)
minerals don't have density
5.
An example of a mineral that is also an element in pure form:
a)
Water
b)
Salt
c)
Gold
6.
The softest minerals is__________
a)
Quartz
b)
Topaz
c)
Talc
d)
Amethyst
7.
A substance that keeps its shape because its particles can’t flow freely?
a)
Crystal
b)
solid
c)
liquid
d)
inorganic
8.
Which of the following must be true for a substance to be considered a mineral?
a)
It must be organic
b)
It must be glassy
c)
It must be a gem
d)
It must be naturally occurring
9.
What is the scale that is used to indicate hardness of a mineral?
a)
Red Scale
b)
Moh's scale
c)
Einstein Scale
d)
Fracture Scale
10.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a mineral?
a)
streak
b)
crystal structure
c)
inorganic
d)
chemical composition
11.
The color of the powdered form of a mineral found by rubbing a mineral against a white tile.
a)
Luster
b)
Cleavage
c)
Streak
d)
Fracture
12.
The tendency for a mineral to split along specific planes of weakness to form, smooth flat surfaces.
a)
Cleavage
b)
Fracture
c)
Crystallization
d)
Fracture
13.
____________ is determined by scratching a mineral with other minerals.
a)
fracture
b)
hardness
c)
streak
d)
color
14.
What does it mean for a rock to be extrusive
a)
Have layers
b)
Have Rounded Edges
c)
Form from Lava
d)
Form By Sediment
15.
True or False: Igneous Rocks form from Sediment
a)
True
b)
False
16.
_______ rock forms from magma/lava
a)
Metamorphic
b)
Sedimentary
c)
Igneous
17.
What step changes sediment into sedimentary rock.
a)
Cementation
b)
Compaction
c)
Erosion
d)
All Choices Except Erosion
18.
What two processes make sediment?
a)
Weathering
b)
Erosion
c)
Weathering & Erosion
19.
True or False: There is only one way for the rock cycle to flow.
a)
False
b)
True
20.
The series of processes in which rock changes from one type to another.
a)
Metamorphic Rock
b)
Sedimentary Rock
c)
Igneous Rock
d)
Rock Cycle
21.
The process by which sediment is moved from one place to another. Can be caused by water, wind, ice, and gravity.
a)
Rock Cycle
b)
Uplift
c)
Deposition
d)
Erosion
22.
Rock that forms when pressure, temperature, or chemical processes change existing rock.
a)
Igneous Rock
b)
Sedimentary Rock
c)
Metamorphic Rock
d)
Rock Cycle
23.
The name rock is given when it is broken down into smaller pieces.
a)
texture
b)
weathering
c)
sediment
d)
erosion
24.
rock altered, changed, by pressure and heat
a)
sedimentary rock
b)
metamorphic rock
c)
igneous
d)
erosion
25.
An igneous rock can become ______.
a)
metamorphic
b)
sedimentary
c)
igneous
d)
all of these
26.
A metamorphic rock can become ______.
a)
igneous
b)
metamorphic
c)
sedimentary
d)
all of these
27.
A sedimentary rock can become ________.
a)
igneous
b)
metamorphic
c)
sedimentary
d)
all of these
28.
The process by which metamorphic rocks are formed...
a)
heat and pressure
b)
compaction and cementation
c)
melting and cooling
29.
The process by which sedimentary rocks are formed...
a)
compaction and cementation
b)
heat and pressure
c)
melting and cooling
30.
The process by which igneous rocks are formed...
a)
heat and pressure
b)
melting and cooling
c)
compaction and cementation
31.
What can tectonic plates crashing into each other cause?
a)
Earthquakes
b)
Tsunamis
c)
Floods
d)
Hurricane
32.
What is one tectonic boundary?
a)
Transform boundary
b)
Earthquake boundary
c)
Surface boundary
d)
Core boundary
33.
What is a tectonic plate?
a)
A unknown continent
b)
A piece of the crust of Earth
c)
An ancient plate from the Aztec
d)
A plate that is stronger than iron.
34.
3. This image is of...
a)
Convergent boundary
b)
Transform Boundary
c)
Divergent Boundary
35.
4. This image is of...
a)
Transform Boundary
b)
Convergent Boundary
c)
Divergent Boundary
36.
5. This image is of....
a)
Convergent Boundary
b)
Transform Boundary
c)
Divergent Boundary
37.
What part of the earth does plat tectonics involve?
a)
inner core, outer core, and crust
b)
crust and mantle
c)
lithosphere and atmosphere
d)
crust and inner core
38.
What are the two types of crust?
a)
Ocean and Basin
b)
Continental and Oceanic
c)
Lower and Upper
d)
Thick and Thin
39.
What is Pangea?
a)
The last name of a German Scientist
b)
A super-continent that existed millions of yrs ago
c)
An ancient fossil
d)
Another name for Continental Drift
40.
What causes tectonic plate movement?
a)
Gravity
b)
Coriolis Effect
c)
Convection Currents
d)
The earth's magnetic core
41.
Which of the following could be considered both a constructive and destructive force?
a)
Earthquake
b)
Delta
c)
Volcano
d)
Swamp
42.
When an oceanic plate and a continental plate collide, which one will sub-duct?
a)
Oceanic
b)
Continental
c)
Neither
d)
Both
43.
The earth's lithospheric plates are said to fit together like a
a)
Puzzle
b)
Glove
c)
Cork
d)
Hammer
44.
The liquid (plastic-like) layer that the earth's tectonic plates move on is called the
a)
Lithosphere
b)
Soft Crust
c)
Asthenosphere
d)
Outer Core
45.
What type of boundary is this?
a)
Divergent
b)
Convergent
c)
Transform
46.
What is a hot spot?
a)
Magma boiling under the crust
b)
Lava coming out of the side of a volcano
c)
As the plate moves, column of magma pushes through crust
47.
Would a volcano be found at a transform boundary?
a)
Yes
b)
No
48.
Which type of crust is more common on Earth?
a)
Continental
b)
Oceanic
49.
What is a tectonic plate?
a)
Crust and Asthenosphere
b)
Asthenosphere and Lithosphere
c)
Crust and Lithosphere
50.
What main feature is created in a subduction zone when the plate that is subducted begins to melt?
a)
Mountains
b)
Volcanoes
c)
Cracks
51.
What is the most common type of mountain?
a)
Big
b)
Volcanic
c)
Block
d)
Fold
52.
What are the 3 types of faults?
a)
Fall, Normal, Backwards
b)
Strike-Slip, Normal, Reverse
c)
Strike-Slip, Forwards, Backward
d)
Normal, Strike, Crack
53.
How do Block Mountians form?
a)
By Mother Nature pulling them up with her hands
b)
By faults being raised or tilted
c)
By blocks of rock forming
d)
By gravity
54.
What name does the Continental Drift Theory give to the large super continent that is believed to have existed millions of years ago?
a)
Pangea
b)
Panera
c)
Pandemic
d)
Pazookie
55.
What do close contour lines represent on a map?
a)
waterfall
b)
steep area
c)
gradual area
d)
river
56.
Determine the contour interval
a)
10 m
b)
20 m
c)
50 m
d)
100 m
57.
What do contour lines that are farther apart represent?
a)
waterfall
b)
steep area
c)
gentle slope
d)
river
58.
How many mountain tops does this map have?
a)
one
b)
two
c)
three
d)
four
59.
Transform boundaries are most likely to produce what phenomenon?
a)
volcanoes
b)
deep sea trenches
c)
underwater mountain ranges
d)
earthquakes
60.
The Great Rift Valley in Africa and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge were both created by this type of plate boundary.
a)
divergent
b)
convergent
c)
transform
d)
subduction
61.
Which type of plate boundary would cause folded mountains to form?
a)
transform
b)
convergent
c)
divergent
d)
subduction
62.
When an oceanic plate and a continental plate collide, which one will subduct?
a)
oceanic
b)
continental
c)
neither
d)
both
63.
This land form can occur at a divergent plate boundary.
a)
trench
b)
mid-ocean ridge
c)
folded mountains
d)
fault
64.
According to Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift,
a)
Earth's surface is made up of seven major landmasses
b)
the continents DO NOT move
c)
Earth is slowly cooling and shrinking
d)
the continents were once joined together in a single landmass
65.
What are the fastest body waves?
a)
P waves
b)
T waves
c)
S waves
d)
Q waves
66.
The composition of Earth's interior affects
a)
how long an earthquake will last
b)
the speed and direction of seismic waves
c)
the location of an earthquake's focus
d)
the strength of an earthquake
67.
Earthquakes generally occur at plate boundaries, where
a)
stress on rocks is greatest
b)
the most rock is found
c)
stress on rocks is low
d)
magnetic pull is greatest
68.
At what location does the first motion of an earthquake occur
a)
the focus
b)
the seismic gap
c)
the mantle
d)
the epicenter
69.
How do scientists find the epicenter of an earthquake?
a)
by comparing arrival times of P waves and S waves at several seismograph stations
b)
by digging at several locations and comparing data
c)
by comparing departure times of P waves and S waves at several seismograph stations
d)
by reviewing satellite photos of tsunamis
70.
What is the epicenter of an earthquake
a)
the location along a fault where the first motion of an earthquake occurs
b)
a seismic wave tht travels along the surface of Earth
c)
the point on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake's focus
d)
the last place that motion in an earthquake is detected
71.
Which wave is moves perpendicular to the motion at right angles?
a)
P
b)
S
c)
Surface
d)
Normal
72.
Which wave can only go through solids?
a)
P
b)
S
c)
Surface
d)
Normal
73.
Which wave is the most destructive?
a)
P - Primary
b)
S - Secondary
c)
Surface Wave
d)
Normal
74.
Which wave arrives second to the seismic station?
a)
P - Primary
b)
S- Secondary
c)
Surface
d)
N-Normal
75.
Which wave can travel through solids, liquids, and gases?
a)
P
b)
S
c)
Surface
d)
Seismic
76.
Which type of fault results from pulling?
a)
Reverse
b)
Strike Slip
c)
Normal
d)
Transform
77.
Which fossil is a replica of the original shape of the organism?
a)
cast
b)
mold
c)
trace
d)
preserved remains
78.
Which fossil is an impression left by the original organism?
a)
cast
b)
mold
c)
trace
d)
preserved remains
79.
Relative dating of rock layers tells us that the deeper we dig, _______.
a)
the younger the rocks get
b)
the smellier the rocks get
c)
the harder the rocks get
d)
the older the rocks get
80.
The Geologic Time Scale is a record of what?
a)
old geologists
b)
sweet geology music
c)
the known history of rocks and fossils
d)
a list of every living thing ever
81.
Which of the following statements about the fossil record is true?
a)
all organisms become fossils
b)
organisms having soft body parts make up most of the fossils
c)
all organisms that have shells become fossils
d)
the fossil record is incomplete
82.
A scientist who studies fossils is called a what?
a)
Fossilologist
b)
Rock Hound
c)
Archeologist
d)
Paleontologist
83.
The Law of Superposition helps scientists to determine what?
a)
The absolute age of rock layers
b)
The age of fossils
c)
The relative age of rock layers
d)
the super powers of rocks
84.
Relative age of a rock is the number of years that have passed since the rock formed?
a)
true
b)
false
85.
When scientists use logic to determine the age of one fossil compared to another, they use this type of dating.
a)
Relative
b)
Carbon
c)
Absolute
86.
According to the law of superposition, which layer is the youngest?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
87.
Paleozoic, Mesozoic & Cenozoic are all
a)
Epochs
b)
Eras
c)
Periods
d)
Eons
88.
Which is the most recent era of time- the one that we are currently in?
a)
Mesozoic
b)
Paleozoic
c)
Cenozoic
d)
Precambrian
89.
An index fossil can help you
a)
get to know new people
b)
plan your next vacation
c)
determine the relative age of a rock layer
d)
determine the absolute age of a rock layer
90.
Footprints, nests, burrows and fossilized poop are examples of what kind of fossils?
a)
Trace Fossils
b)
preserved remains
c)
Erosion
d)
sedimentary rock
91.
Describe the Law of Superposition.
a)
In undisturbed rock layers, the oldest rock layers are found at the bottom as they formed first. Each layer above is younger than the layer below it.
b)
Sedimentary Rock is formed when rock is buried far beneath the earth
c)
A Gap in the relative age of the rock
d)
A Layer
92.
Describe absolute age.
a)
number of years that have passed since the rock formed. It provides the rock with a specific age.
b)
Sedimentary Age
c)
Relative Age
d)
An Intrusion
93.
Describe relative age.
a)
its age when compared to the ages of other rocks. When you say something is younger or older, you are using relative age.
b)
The number of years which have passed
c)
Geologists use this to describe the exact year
d)
The position in which rock layers appear
94.
Explain why the geologic time scale is useful.
a)
To show Earth's history because the time span of Earth's past is so long.
b)
To show Earth's history because it is so new and the time span is so recent
c)
Because of Relative time
95.
What is the fossil record? Why is it important?
a)
The fossil record includes all of the fossils that have ever been discovered and studied. The fossil record provides evidence about the history of life and past environments on Earth. The fossil record also shows how different groups of organisms have changed over time.
b)
The fossil record is important because of its ability to tell time
c)
It shows that life on earth has not changed and has not evolved.
96.
Describe what makes a good index fossil. (Hint: It must meet two criteria)
a)
Index fossils must be widespread and the organism only lived for a short time period.
b)
Index fossils must be short lived and short spread
c)
Index fossils must be long lived and long in length
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