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WorksheetsHSC SDD Key Terms
Total questions: 145
Worksheet time: 2hrs 25mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Abstraction
a)
The hiding of detail by the presentation of a more general instance. Example - is the use of a subroutine, rather than the inclusion of detailed code.
b)
The number given to identify a particular storage location in the computer's memory.
c)
The part of the central processing unit capable of mathematical and logical operations.
d)
A device under the control of a signal from a controller that performs a mechanical action.
2.
Acceptance Testing
a)
Quick-thinking, co-ordinated, active and lean. Adapts well to changing situations.
b)
The process of arriving at a conclusion from a stated set of conditions. Assumes that a particular solution is true and then asks questions to verify that the necessary conditions are present.
c)
Formal tests conducted to verify whether or not a system meets its requirements. It enables the client to determine whether or not to accept the new system as complete.
d)
Testing of the final solution by a limited number of users outside the software development company using real world data and conditions.
3.
Accumulator
a)
That part of the CPU that carried selection and retrieval of instructions from storage in sequence, interprets them and initiates the required operation.
b)
The section of an expert system program that contains the logic processing functions. Used to draw conclusions from stated facts and relevant rules.
c)
A system utility used to join compiled modules to form an executable program.
d)
One of the registers present within the CPU. It stores the result of the latest computation carried out by the CPU.
4.
Actuator
a)
A
device under the control of a signal from a controller that performs a
mechanical action.
b)
That
part of the CPU that carried selection and retrieval of instructions from
storage in sequence, interprets them and initiates the required operation.
c)
The
delineation between a system and its environment.
d)
A point of reference or standard from which quality or excellence is measured.
5.
Address
a)
The number given to identify a particular storage location in the computer's memory.
b)
A point
of reference or standard from which quality or excellence is measured.
c)
A
circuit that is able to store a binary digit. The output from 2 gates,
provide input for each other.
d)
A
method for representing integers in binary.
6.
Alpha Testing
a)
The
effort to determine and meet the needs and wants of current and potential
customers.
b)
Testing the final solution by personnel within the software development company prior to the product's release.
c)
The
symbolic name of an addressed, stored entity in a program that is referred to
for later processing.
d)
A coding standard which specifies a unique number for every character in every language.
7.
Agile
a)
Performs a complete portion of a larger task and consists of one or more subprograms.
b)
A set of agreed actions to be carried out to complete task.
c)
A
coding standard which specifies a unique number for every character in every
language.
d)
Quick-thinking, co-ordinated, active and lean. Adapts well to changing situations.
8.
Algorithm
a)
A series of unambiguous instructions or procedural steps that will result in the solution to a specific problem within a finite time.
b)
A block of data comprising a related set of records that may be written to a storage device. May be made up of records, fields, words, bytes, characters or bits.
c)
A type of conversion where the old system is removed and the new system implemented immediately.
d)
A diagram that shows the logical flow of data through an organisation (system) or subsystem.
9.
ALU
a)
The delineation between a system and its environment.
b)
Computer Aided Software Engineering - a range of software that is used to assist the developer with a variety of tasks required as part of the development process.
c)
Abbreviation for Arithmetic and Logic Unit.
d)
An
agreement between two or more parties that is enforceable by law.
10.
Argument
a)
An independent variable or constant that gives to a command, instruction or function the information it needs to perform an operation. In programming, it is also the value of a parameter passed between a calling program and the called subprogram.
b)
A data
structure in which a collection of data items of the same type can be treated
as a single entity. Individual data items are identified by an index or
subscript.
c)
A term
used to indicate any component of a computer-based system for which the user
need not know the details of its internal operation.
d)
That
part of the CPU that carried selection and retrieval of instructions from
storage in sequence, interprets them and initiates the required operation.
11.
Arithmetic and Logic Unit
a)
That
part of the CPU that carried selection and retrieval of instructions from
storage in sequence, interprets them and initiates the required operation.
b)
Original
software that has been copied and is then on-sold as legal copies.
c)
The
part of the central processing unit capable of mathematical and logical
operations.
d)
Specifications
that form the basis for planning and designing the solution.
12.
Array
a)
Specifications
that form the basis for planning and designing the solution.
b)
A data structure in which a collection of data items of the same type can be treated as a single entity. Individual data items are identified by an index or subscript.
c)
The
process of objectively accessing and comparing the performance of a product
against a benchmark.
d)
The
delineation between a system and its environment.
13.
ASCII
a)
Bitmap
(image). Basic Multilingual Plane which is UTF-16 code plane 0 (Unicode).
b)
Quick-thinking,
co-ordinated, active and lean. Adapts well to changing situations.
c)
Acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. A seven-bit code for the binary representation of 128 characters within the computer.
d)
A piece
of software that changes a program written in assembly language into machine
language.
14.
Assembler
a)
A piece of software that changes a program written in assembly language into machine language.
b)
A low-level language that is written using a mnemonic code (eg. LDA, STO) as opposed to binary digits. An assembly language is specific to the CPU used in the computer.
c)
A metalanguage used to define the syntax of a programming language.
d)
A set of rules, laws and theorems by which logical operations can be expressed and solved. Developed by George Boole (1815-64).
15.
Assembly Language
a)
A piece of software that changes a program written in assembly language into machine language.
b)
A low-level language that is written using a mnemonic code (eg. LDA, STO) as opposed to binary digits.
c)
A metalanguage used to define the syntax of a programming language.
d)
A set of rules, laws and theorems by which logical operations can be expressed and solved. Developed by George Boole (1815-64).
16.
Assignment
a)
A process in which a value is allocated to a variable.
b)
A set of rules, laws and theorems by which logical operations can be expressed and solved. Developed by George Boole (1815-64).
c)
A variable that can only take values which are either true or false.
d)
Character used as part of a data packet generally used for synchronisation purposes.
17.
Attribute
a)
A defined property of an entity or object. The data held by the object.
b)
Character used as part of a data packet generally used for synchronisation purposes.
c)
The process of objectively accessing and comparing the performance of a product against a benchmark.
d)
A file whose code is used by more than one program.
18.
Authorship
a)
A file whose code is used by more than one program.
b)
A set of standards by which software developers agree to abide by.
c)
The original creator of a work.
d)
A set of moral principles accepted by society as a standard against which individual behaviour can be judged.
19.
Backup
a)
A type of conversion where the old system is removed and the new system implemented immediately. Also referred to as 'Direct Cut-Over'.
b)
A copy, on disk or tape, of software or data that is made by the user to guard against accidental loss.
c)
Provides the interface between a hardware device and an application.
d)
The elements outside a computer system which affect that system.
20.
Backus-Naur Form
a)
A metalanguage used to define the syntax of a programming language.
b)
The
elements outside a computer system which affect that system.
c)
Abbreviation
for 'Extended Backus-Naur Form'.
d)
A set of moral principles accepted by society as a standard against which individual behaviour can be judged.
21.
Backward Chaining
a)
The process of arriving at a conclusion from a stated set of conditions. Assumes that a particular solution is true and then asks questions to verify that the necessary conditions are present.
b)
A set of moral principles accepted by society as a standard against which individual behaviour can be judged.
c)
The process of arriving at a conclusion from a stated set of conditions. Starts from the beginning of the facts and rules and asks questions to determine which part to follow next to arrive at a conclusion.
d)
A type of programming language used in RAD. A type of programming language used in RA
22.
Benchmark
a)
A process in which an application is developed by users who have knowledge of a relevant software package and can customise it to meet their needs.
b)
A point of reference or standard from which quality or excellence is measured.
c)
A check on entered data to ensure that it is of the correct data type and that its value is sensible.
d)
A point of reference or standard from which quality or excellence is measured.
23.
Benchmarking
a)
A point of reference or standard from which quality or excellence is measured.
b)
The process of objectively accessing and comparing the performance of a product against a benchmark.
c)
Original
software that has been copied and is then on-sold as legal copies.
d)
The process of finding and eliminating logic and syntax errors in a program or algorithm.
24.
Beta Testing
a)
Testing the final solution by personnel within the software development company prior to the product's release.
b)
A set of standards by which software developers agree to abide by.
c)
Testing of the final solution by a limited number of users outside the software development company using real world data and conditions.
d)
A check on entered data to ensure that it is of the correct data type and that its value is sensible.
25.
Binary Digit
a)
A digit in the binary number system.
b)
A contraction of binary digit. It is either 0 or a 1.
c)
One positive and negative whole numbers including 0.
d)
The number system in which the base is two. It uses digits 0 and 1.
26.
Binary Number System
a)
A digit in the binary number system.
b)
The number system in which the base is two. It uses digits 0 and 1.
c)
A contraction of binary digit. It is either 0 or a 1.
d)
One positive and negative whole numbers including 0.
27.
Binary Search
a)
An algorithm used to search structured data. The algorithm repeatedly divides the data to be searched into two parts.
b)
A form
of sorting by exchanging pairs of elements that are out of order, in a
sequence of passes through the data structure, until no such pairs exist. On
each pass, one of the elements (the larger or smaller of each pair depending
upon the criterion for exchanging) travels to an end of the data structure.
c)
A form
of sorting by dividing the data structure into sorted part and an unsorted
part, taking each element in the unsorted part in turn, finding its correct
position in the sorted part and inserting it there, thus increasing the size
of the sorted part and decreasing the size of the unsorted.
d)
An
algorithm used to search structured data. The data need not be ordered. The
algorithm compares each item of data with the target until either the target
is found or it is determined that the target is not present.
28.
Bistable Device
a)
A circuit in which all the components are formed on a single piece of semi-conductor material (the silicon chip).
b)
The process of taking executable machine code and generating the equivalent assembler code, so that it is more easily understood by a human.
c)
A device that is able to hold or maintain a particular state. A bistable device can maintain two possible states.
d)
Storage that is used to hold data for a relatively short time. It often uses a volatile storage medium.
29.
Bit
a)
A digit in the binary number system.
b)
A contraction of binary digit. It is either 0 or a 1.
c)
One positive and negative whole numbers including 0.
d)
The number system in which the base is two. It uses digits 0 and 1.
30.
Black Box
a)
A term used to indicate any component of a computer-based system for which the user need not know the details of its internal operation.
b)
Provides
the interface between a hardware device and an application.
c)
Packages
sold commercially that performs tasks and can be customised by the developer.
d)
A
system of sensors and actuators operating under the direction of a
controller.
31.
Black Box Testing
a)
A technique used to test software solutions. The inputs and expected outputs are known, however, the processing occurring are unknown. Also referred to as functional testing.
b)
A term used to indicate any component of a computer-based system for which the user need not know the details of its internal operation.
c)
A check
on entered data to ensure that it is of the correct data type and that its
value is sensible.
d)
Checking
the validity of an algorithm by working through the written version of the
algorithm using test data.
32.
BMP
a)
A
number expressed using the base 10 system.
b)
A term
used to indicate any component of a computer-based system for which the user
need not know the details of its internal operation.
c)
Bitmap (image). Basic Multilingual Plane which is UTF-16 code plane 0 (Unicode).
d)
Abbreviation for Arithmetic and Logic Unit.
33.
BNF
a)
Abbreviation
for Arithmetic and Logic Unit.
b)
Abbreviation for Backus-Naur Form.
c)
Abbreviation
for 'Central Processing Unit'.
d)
Abbreviation
for "Data Flow Diagram'.
34.
Boolean Algebra
a)
A
variable that can only take values which are either true or false.
b)
An
operator that acts upon Boolean variables and values. The list of these
operators includes, AND, OR and NOT.
c)
A set of rules, laws and theorems by which logical operations can be expressed and solved. Developed by George Boole (1815-64).
d)
The process of converting an entire source program written in a high-level language into machine language before executing any of the program.
35.
Boolean Operator
a)
A set of rules, laws and theorems by which logical operations can be expressed and solved. Developed by George Boole (1815-64).
b)
An operator that acts upon Boolean variables and values. The list of these operators includes, AND, OR and NOT.
c)
A variable that can only take values which are either true or false.
d)
Error checking bits transmitted at the end of a data block. The value of these bits is calculated by adding (or otherwise) the bits in the data packet.
36.
Boolean Variable
a)
A set
of rules, laws and theorems by which logical operations can be expressed and
solved. Developed by George Boole (1815-64).
b)
An
operator that acts upon Boolean variables and values. The list of these
operators includes, AND, OR and NOT.
c)
A factor that limits the scope of a solution. The solution must comply with the constraint.
d)
A
variable that can only take values which are either true or false.
37.
Boundary
a)
A check
on entered data to ensure that it is of the correct data type and that its
value is sensible.
b)
The delineation between a system and its environment.
c)
Specifications
that form the basis for planning and designing the solution.
d)
A specifically written routine that generates appropriate test data used to test a lower level module before the higher-level modules are completed.
38.
Breakpoints
a)
The
definition of a category of objects when using the object-orientated
paradigm. The class defines all the common attributes and methods of the
different objects that belong to it.
b)
A method used in software debugging to denote a point at which the program is to temporarily halt execution. The programmer can examine or change the contents of variables at this point and then resume execution if appropriate.
c)
The
return of some part of output to be used as input in a closed loop
computer-controlled system.
d)
A method of presentation employed by a developer presenting the information (usually the screen design) in a graphical format.
39.
Bubble Sort
a)
A form of sorting by exchanging pairs of elements that are out of order, in a sequence of passes through the data structure, until no such pairs exist. On each pass, one of the elements (the larger or smaller of each pair depending upon the criterion for exchanging) travels to an end of the data structure.
b)
A form
of sorting by dividing the data structure into sorted part and an unsorted
part, taking each element in the unsorted part in turn, finding its correct
position in the sorted part and inserting it there, thus increasing the size
of the sorted part and decreasing the size of the unsorted.
c)
An
algorithm used to search structured data. The data need not be ordered. The
algorithm compares each item of data with the target until either the target
is found or it is determined that the target is not present.
d)
A
repetition of a linear search to find the smallest (or largest) item in a
list. Repeating the search on the remaining unsorted list leads to a sorted
list.
40.
CASE tools
a)
Computer Aided Software Engineering - a range of software that is used to assist the developer with a variety of tasks required as part of the development process.
b)
Packages
sold commercially that performs tasks and can be customised by the developer.
Also known as COTS.
c)
The
software that supervises and controls system resources such as the CPU,
memory, storage devices and I/O devices; and executes other (user-controlled)
programs. The operating system also manages the flow of data.
d)
A
system that allows a number of computers and their peripheral devices to be
connected over a distance.
41.
Central Processing Unit
a)
A
system of sensors and actuators operating under the direction of a
controller.
b)
Abbreviation
for 'Central Processing Unit'.
c)
It retrieves, decodes, interprets and executes instructions. It is incorporated in an integrated circuit, can be described as comprising of the control unit, arithmetic and logic unit and temporary memory.
d)
Provides
the interface between a hardware device and an application.
42.
Checksum
a)
Error checking bits transmitted at the end of a data block. The value of these bits is calculated by adding (or otherwise) the bits in the data packet.
b)
Checking
the validity of an algorithm by working through the written version of the
algorithm using test data.
c)
An
error that occurs when the object code is executed.
d)
An error resulting from an illegal statement in a programs code. The translator cannot continue once an error of this type is encountered.
43.
Chip
a)
A
process in which a programmer makes use of software packages to quickly build
applications to meet the user's needs.
b)
An alternative name for integrated circuit.
c)
A
circuit in which all the components are formed on a single piece of
semi-conductor material (the silicon chip).
d)
That
part of the CPU that carried selection and retrieval of instructions from
storage in sequence, interprets them and initiates the required operation.
44.
Class
a)
Character
used as part of a data packet generally used for synchronisation purposes.
b)
A
predefined set of operations that returns a value.
c)
The
definition of a category of objects when using the object-orientated
paradigm.
d)
The
specification of a particular process to be performed on or by an object.
45.
Clock Speed
a)
Specifications
that form the basis for planning and designing the solution.
b)
The
cycle of events that a computer carries out to obey an instruction.
c)
A predefined set of operations that returns a value.
d)
The rate at which the internal oscillator (the system clock) in the control unit of the CPU sends out electronic pulses to synchronise its operations. Measured in hertz (Hz).
46.
Code of Conduct
a)
A comprehensive description of each identifier used in a program.
b)
A set
of moral principles accepted by society as a standard against which
individual behaviour can be judged.
c)
A signed agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser of software that gives the purchaser the right to use the software.
d)
A set of standards by which software developers agree to abide by.
47.
Compilation
a)
The
process of creating a particular object based on a class definition. Creating
an 'instance' of an object.
b)
A
translator program that translates one line at a time of the high-level
source code into a low-level object code, whereupon the computer executes
that line before the next line is translated.
c)
The
process of converting an entire source program written in a high-level
language into machine language before executing any of the program.
d)
The
process of examining each word to ensure it is a valid part of the language.
48.
Configuration Management
a)
The
number of bits that are processed by the registers in the CPU at one time.
b)
A
process in which an application is developed by users who have knowledge of a
relevant software package and can customise it to meet their needs.
c)
Systematic control of changes to a software product, the purpose being to maintain software integrity, traceability and accountability during the life of the product.
d)
The concept of fairness and impartiality to which all persons should be entitled as a right.
49.
Constraint
a)
A value or variable passed to a function or procedure.
b)
A check
carried out by the computer to ensure that only data conforming to certain
rules is accepted for input to the program.
c)
A factor that limits the scope of a solution. The solution must comply with the constraint.
d)
An expression whose value is updated in the watch window as execution continues. One of the tools used for the detection of errors in code.
50.
Contract
a)
A
collection of facts about an entity. A record comprises one or more related
data items.
b)
A
signed agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser of software that
gives the purchaser the right to use the software.
c)
A set of moral principles accepted by society as a standard against which individual behaviour can be judged.
d)
An
agreement between two or more parties that is enforceable by law.
51.
Control Character
a)
A number expressed using the base 10 system.
b)
A variable used in a program (usually in the development or debugging stages) to indicate the result of a process, or that the process was executed.
c)
An additional bit attached to the binary code for each transmitted character or group of characters for the purpose of checking the accuracy of the received item.
d)
Character used as part of a data packet generally used for synchronisation purposes.
52.
Control Function
a)
That part of the CPU's task that manages the sequence of operations. It is carried out by the control unit.
b)
A
collection of facts about an entity. A record comprises one or more related
data items.
c)
A list
of commands that can be executed without user interaction.
d)
A term
often used to describe a sequence of characters treated as a single entity.
53.
Control Structure
a)
The
ability of objects to take on the characteristics of their parent class or or
classes. Inheritance encourages modularity and robustness in code.
b)
One of three basic structures (sequence, selection and repetition) which control the logic flow of an algorithm or program.
c)
The
physical units that make up a computer or any device working with the
computer.
d)
A type of programming language used in RAD.
54.
Control System
a)
A system of sensors and actuators operating under the direction of a controller.
b)
A type
of programming language used in Rapid Action Development.
c)
The
physical units that make up a computer or any device working with the
computer.
d)
A block
of data comprising a related set of records that may be written to a storage
device. May be made up of records, fields, words, bytes, characters or bits.
55.
Control Unit
a)
The physical units that make up a computer or any device working with the computer.
b)
A specifically written routine that generates appropriate test data used to test a lower level module before the higher-level modules are completed.
c)
That part of the CPU that carried selection and retrieval of instructions from storage in sequence, interprets them and initiates the required operation.
d)
A term used to indicate any component of a computer-based system for which the user need not know the details of its internal operation.
56.
Copyright
a)
A set
of moral principles accepted by society as a standard against which
individual behaviour can be judged.
b)
A
euphemism for theft of intellectual property by the copying or use of
software which the user has no legal right.
c)
The sole legal right to produce or reproduce a literacy, dramatic, musical or artistic work, now extended to include software.
d)
Software
that is free of charge, however the manufacturer expects a voluntary monetary
contribution to be made.
57.
Counterfeiting
a)
The
sole legal right to produce or reproduce a literacy, dramatic, musical or
artistic work, now extended to include software.
b)
An
agreement between two or more parties that is enforceable by law.
c)
A
euphemism for theft of intellectual property by the copying or use of
software which the user has no legal right.
d)
Original
software that has been copied and is then on-sold as legal copies.
58.
CPU
a)
It is incorporated in an integrated circuit, can be described as
comprising of the control unit, arithmetic and logic unit and temporary
memory.
b)
Abbreviation for 'Central Processing Unit'.
c)
A
shortened form of a silicon chip; an alternative name for integrated circuit.
d)
The
rate at which the internal oscillator (the system clock) in the control unit
of the CPU sends out electronic pulses to synchronise its operations.
Measured in hertz (Hz).
59.
Custom Off-The-Shelf Packages
a)
A
comprehensive description of each identifier used in a program. This commonly
includes: name, number of characters (size), data type, number of decimal
places (if applicable) and a description of the purpose of each variable.
b)
Packages sold commercially that performs tasks and can be customised by the developer.
c)
Original
software that has been copied and is then on-sold as legal copies.
d)
A check on entered data to ensure that it is of the correct data type and that its value is sensible.
60.
Data Dictionary
a)
Packages
sold commercially that performs tasks and can be customised by the developer.
Also known as COTS.
b)
A check
on entered data to ensure that it is of the correct data type and that its
value is sensible.
c)
A comprehensive description of each identifier used in a program. This commonly includes: name, number of characters (size), data type, number of decimal places (if applicable) and a description of the purpose of each variable.
d)
Specifications
that form the basis for planning and designing the solution.
61.
Data Flow Diagram
a)
A check
on entered data to ensure that it is of the correct data type and that its
value is sensible.
b)
One of three basic structures (sequence, selection and repetition)
c)
Provides
the interface between a hardware device and an application.
d)
A
diagram that shows the logical flow of data through an organisation (system)
or subsystem.
62.
Data Validation
a)
The
process of finding and eliminating logic and syntax errors in a program or
algorithm.
b)
A check on entered data to ensure that it is of the correct data type and that its value is sensible.
c)
A type
of conversion where the old system is removed and the new system implemented
immediately.
d)
The
sole legal right to produce or reproduce a literacy, dramatic, musical or
artistic work, now extended to include software.
63.
Debugging
a)
The process of finding and eliminating logic and syntax errors in a program or algorithm.
b)
A check
on entered data to ensure that it is of the correct data type and that its
value is sensible.
c)
A type
of conversion where the old system is removed and the new system implemented
immediately.
d)
A process whereby programmers not involved with the original design are asked to check the logic of an algorithm.
64.
Decimal
a)
A number expressed using the base 10 system.
b)
Checking
the validity of an algorithm by working through the written version of the
algorithm using test data.
c)
A
specifically written routine that generates appropriate test data used to
test a lower level module before the higher-level modules are completed.
d)
The symbolic name of an addressed, stored entity in a program that is referred to for later processing.
65.
Decompilation
a)
A check
carried out by the computer to ensure that only data conforming to certain
rules is accepted for input to the program.
b)
The process of taking executable machine code and generating the equivalent assembler code, so that it is more easily understood by a human.
c)
A
program that converts statements written in one programming language to the
format of another programming language.
d)
A self contained section of programming code that can be incorporated into a complete program.
66.
Design Specifications
a)
A
specifically written routine that generates appropriate test data used to
test a lower level module before the higher-level modules are completed.
b)
The
final person or persons (client/user) who operate a software package.
c)
The elements outside a computer system which affect that system.
d)
Specifications
that form the basis for planning and designing the solution.
67.
Desk Checking
a)
The
contracting of services to external companies specialising in particular
tasks.
b)
An
error resulting from an illegal statement in a programs code. The translator
cannot continue once an error of this type is encountered.
c)
Checking
the validity of an algorithm by working through the written version of the
algorithm using test data.
d)
A check carried out by the computer to ensure that only data conforming to certain rules is accepted for input to the program.
68.
DFDs
a)
Abbreviation for for "Deadly Farting Dogs"
b)
Abbreviation for "Data Flow Data"
c)
Abbreviation for "Do Fresh Do-wop"
d)
Abbreviation
for "Data Flow Diagram'.
69.
Direct Conversion
a)
A type of conversion where the old system is removed and the new system implemented immediately. Also referred to as 'Direct Cut-Over'.
b)
A
number system that uses 16 symbols, the letters A to F are used as digits to
represent the decimal numbers 10 to 15.
c)
The
section of an expert system program that contains the logic processing
functions. Used to draw conclusions from stated facts and relevant rules.
d)
The ability of an older system to operate in harmony with a new system.
70.
Driver
a)
The
ability of an older system to operate in harmony with a new system.
b)
A specifically written routine that generates appropriate test data used to test a lower level module before the higher-level modules are completed.
c)
Software
that can be distributed freely as long as the distribution is not for profit.
d)
A rule
of thumb or a technique based on experience and for which our knowledge is
incomplete. It works with useful regularity but not necessarily all the time.
71.
Driver (Interface)
a)
A rule
of thumb or a technique based on experience and for which our knowledge is
incomplete.
b)
Provides the interface between a hardware device and an application.
c)
A
method of presentation employed by a developer presenting the information
(usually the screen design) in a graphical format.
d)
The section of an expert system program that contains the logic processing functions. Used to draw conclusions from stated facts and relevant rules.
72.
EBCDIC
a)
Acronym for 'Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code'. An 8-bit code for the representation of characters within a computer.
b)
Abbreviation
for 'Graphical User Interface'.
c)
Abbreviation
for 'Central Processing Unit'.
d)
Abbreviation for 'Extended Backus-Naur Form'.
73.
EBNF
a)
Acronym for 'Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code'.
b)
Abbreviation for 'Extended Backus-Naur Form'.
c)
Abbreviation
for "Data Flow Diagram'.
d)
Abbreviation for 'Central Processing Unit'.
74.
Encapsulation
a)
The
process of taking executable machine code and generating the equivalent
assembler code, so that it is more easily understood by a human.
b)
A
process in which an application is developed by users who have knowledge of a
relevant software package and can customise it to meet their needs.
c)
The isolation of an object from its environment, so that changes to an object's design can be made without affecting other parts of the system, as long as the interface to the object remains the same.
d)
A study
that determines of the development should commence.
75.
End User
a)
A
process in which an application is developed by users who have knowledge of a
relevant software package and can customise it to meet their needs.
b)
A circuit used in RAM chips as a memory store.
c)
The final person or persons (client/user) who operate a software package.
d)
A
translator program that translates one line at a time of the high-level
source code into a low-level object code, whereupon the computer executes
that line before the next line is translated.
76.
End User Development
a)
A process in which an application is developed by users who have knowledge of a relevant software package and can customise it to meet their needs.
b)
An approach to development that involves very structured, step-by-step stages. Each stage of the cycle must be completed before progressing to the next stage.
c)
The
process of analysing an existing system to identify its components and their
interrelationships, to allow the creation of a similar system.
d)
Used to demonstrate to users/customers to ensure that the final product will meet their needs. It is often just a series of screens with no real processing taking place.
77.
Environment
a)
The elements outside a computer system which affect that system.
b)
A term
that can be equated to the expectations of a customer. If expectations are
met or exceeded, then the product will be perceived as one of high quality.
c)
A
sequence of instructions written in a programming language that directs a
computer's actions.
d)
A piece
of executable code that is inserted into an existing executable program to
correct a problem identified in the software solution.
78.
Equity
a)
The
study of the relationship between people and their working environment.
b)
The concept of fairness and impartiality to which all persons should be entitled as a right.
c)
A study
that determines of the development should commence.
d)
A
variable used in a program (usually in the development or debugging stages)
to indicate the result of a process, or that the process was executed.
79.
Ergonomics
a)
A set
of moral principles accepted by society as a standard against which
individual behaviour can be judged.
b)
The
physical units that make up a computer or any device working with the
computer.
c)
The
process of creating a particular object based on a class definition.
d)
The
study of the relationship between people and their working environment.
80.
Ethics
a)
A
signed agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser of software that
gives the purchaser the right to use the software.
b)
A
euphemism for theft of intellectual property by the copying or use of
software which the user has no legal right.
c)
A set
of moral principles accepted by society as a standard against which
individual behaviour can be judged.
d)
Compensation,
usually a portion of the proceeds paid to the author for the use of a work.
81.
Expert System
a)
A general purpose expert system containing reasoning mechanisms and a skeletal knowledge base into which a user can inject specialised knowledge.
b)
Specifications
that form the basis for planning and designing the solution.
c)
Property
resulting from the fruits of mental labour.
d)
The
process of examining each word to ensure it is a valid part of the language.
82.
Expert System Shell
a)
A general purpose expert system containing reasoning mechanisms and a skeletal knowledge base into which a user can inject specialised knowledge.
b)
A
system utility used to join compiled modules to form an executable program.
c)
A means
of specifying the syntax of each of the valid commands in a given language.
d)
Methods which have the same name but accept a different number of parameters or parameters of different types.
83.
Extended Backus-Naur Form
a)
An
additional bit attached to the binary code for each transmitted character or
group of characters for the purpose of checking the accuracy of the received
item.
b)
An extended and modified form of the BNF metalanguage for the definition of the syntax of a programming language.
c)
A means
of specifying the syntax of each of the valid commands in a given language.
d)
A programming language based on the object orientated paradigm.
84.
Feasibility Study
a)
A
system that allows a number of computers and their peripheral devices to be
connected over a distance.
b)
A study that determines of the development should commence.
c)
An
enactable model or mock-up of a software system that enables evaluation of
features and functions in an operational scenario.
d)
The
process of analysing an existing system to identify its components and their
interrelationships, to allow the creation of a similar system.
85.
Feedback
a)
The
process of analysing an existing system to identify its components and their
interrelationships, to allow the creation of a similar system.
b)
A file
whose code is used by more than one program.
c)
The return of some part of output to be used as input in a closed loop computer-controlled system.
d)
The
rules resulting from the way in which elements of a programming language may
be combined to form legal statements.
86.
Fetch-Execute Cycle
a)
n programming, this implements stepwise refinement.
b)
An
unauthorised piece of programming code that causes unexpected results.
c)
The cycle of events that a computer carries out to obey an instruction. During the 1st part of the cycle, the address of the next instructions is used to access the memory and the contents of that location are placed into a register. During the 2nd part of the cycle, the instruction in the register is decoded and carried out.
d)
A
coding standard which specifies a unique number for every character in every
language.
87.
File
a)
A
program that converts statements written in one programming language to the
format of another programming language.
b)
A
collection of facts about an entity. A record comprises one or more related
data items.
c)
A function or procedure containing a call to itself.
d)
A block
of data comprising a related set of records that may be written to a storage
device. May be made up of records, fields, words, bytes, characters or bits.
88.
File Association
a)
Defines the application that is executed when a data file is opened.
b)
An
enactable model or mock-up of a software system that enables evaluation of
features and functions in an operational scenario.
c)
A
process whereby programmers not involved with the original design are asked
to check the logic of an algorithm.
d)
The
contracting of services to external companies specialising in particular
tasks.
89.
Fixed-Point Representation
a)
The internal representation of numbers in which each number is stored as a single set of digits.
b)
The
contracting of services to external companies specialising in particular
tasks.
c)
One of the (infinite) set of numbers.
d)
A circuit that is able to store a binary digit.
90.
Flag
a)
An incomplete procedure or function that has the same name and interface as the final form but is much simpler.
b)
A term
that can be equated to the expectations of a customer. If expectations are
met or exceeded, then the product will be perceived as one of high quality.
c)
A piece of executable code that is inserted into an existing executable program to correct a problem identified in the software solution.
d)
A
variable used in a program (usually in the development or debugging stages)
to indicate the result of a process, or that the process was executed.
91.
Flip-Flop
a)
A piece
of executable code that is inserted into an existing executable program to
correct a problem identified in the software solution.
b)
A dummy
value used to signify the end of a data list, such as 'ZZZZ' or 99999.
c)
A
circuit used in RAM chips as a memory store. Contains a latch, clocking and
edge trigger component.
d)
A table
for tabulating the outputs from a circular design.
92.
Floating-Point Representation
a)
The symbolic name of an addressed, stored entity in a program that is referred to for later processing.
b)
An integer value used to denote a particular data item in an array.
c)
The internal representation of numbers in which each number is stored as 2 sets of digits, 1 holding the mantissa and the other holding the exponent.
d)
A chart showing timelines for different stages of a systems development project.
93.
Flowchart
a)
A pictorial method of describing a system in which the various steps are represented by symbols.
b)
A chart
showing timelines for different stages of a systems development project.
c)
A
method of presentation employed by a developer presenting the information
(usually the screen design) in a graphical format.
d)
A diagram that shows the logical flow of data through an organisation (system) or subsystem.
94.
Forward Chaining
a)
The
process of arriving at a conclusion from a stated set of conditions. Assumes
that a particular solution is true and then asks questions to verify that the
necessary conditions are present.
b)
The process of arriving at a conclusion from a stated set of conditions. Starts from the beginning of the facts and rules and asks questions to determine which part to follow next to arrive at a conclusion.
c)
The
process of objectively accessing and comparing the performance of a product
against a benchmark.
d)
The process of creating a particular object based on a class definition. Creating an 'instance' of an object.
95.
Forward Compatible
a)
A method of translating high-level source code into object code.
b)
The art
of designing and building an expert system. In particular, collecting
knowledge and heuristics from human experts in the area of speciality and
assembling them into a knowledge base or expert system.
c)
The
machine code produced as a result of compiling a program written in a
higher-level language (source code); the code that runs when loaded into the
computer.
d)
The
ability of an older system to operate in harmony with a new system.
96.
Fourth Generation Language
a)
A
programming language based on the object orientated paradigm. Programs are
made up of objects. Each object contains attributes and methods. Examples
include C++, Java and Delphi.
b)
The
concept that allows different objects to be used or presented in different
ways at run time, depending on the users' requirements at the time.
c)
A
programming language that requires programming to specify a step-by-step
process to tell the computer how to carry out a task, eg. BASIC, Pascal,
COBOL, FORTRAN, C. Based on variables and control structures. Also known as
imperative languages.
d)
A type of programming language used in RAD.
97.
Freeware
a)
Software that can be distributed freely as long as the distribution is not for profit.
b)
The
contracting of services to external companies specialising in particular
tasks.
c)
A
euphemism for theft of intellectual property by the copying or use of
software which the user has no legal right.
d)
Software that is free of charge, however the manufacturer expects a voluntary monetary contribution to be made.
98.
Function
a)
A predefined set of operations that returns a value. Built-in ones are those provided by the application software. In a programming language, it is a procedure (or subroutine) that returns a value.
b)
The
design of the interface between the user and the software solution.
c)
They inherit all the attributes and methods of their super class.
d)
The rules resulting from the way in which elements of a programming language may be combined to form legal statements.
99.
Functional Language
a)
A
program that converts statements written in one programming language to the
format of another programming language. Includes compilers, interpreters and
assemblers.
b)
An
unauthorised piece of programming code that causes unexpected results.
c)
A
programming language based on the object orientated paradigm. Programs are
made up of objects. Each object contains attributes and methods. Examples
include C++, Java and Delphi.
d)
A type of programming language based on functional paradigm. Essentially include APL, Haskell and Lisp.
100.
Gantt Chart
a)
A
pictorial method of describing a system in which the various steps are
represented by symbols.
b)
A
diagram that shows the logical flow of data through an organisation (system)
or subsystem.
c)
A copy,
on disk or tape, of software or data that is made by the user to guard
against accidental loss.
d)
A chart showing timelines for different stages of a systems development project.
101.
Graphical User Interface
a)
A
pictorial method of describing a system in which the various steps are
represented by symbols.
b)
A chart
showing timelines for different stages of a systems development project.
c)
A
method of presentation employed by a developer presenting the information
(usually the screen design) in a graphical format.
d)
The
study of the relationship between people and their working environment.
102.
Hardware
a)
A
device under the control of a signal from a controller that performs a
mechanical action.
b)
A piece
of software that changes a program written in assembly language into machine
language.
c)
The physical units that make up a computer or any device working with the computer.
d)
A circuit in which all the components are formed on a single piece of semi-conductor material.
103.
Heuristic
a)
The
process of examining each word to ensure it is a valid part of the language.
b)
A rule of thumb or a technique based on experience and for which our knowledge is incomplete. It works with useful regularity but not necessarily all the time.
c)
Performs
a complete portion of a larger task and consists of one or more subprograms.
It can pass data to and from other modules.
d)
A piece
of executable code that is inserted into an existing executable program to
correct a problem identified in the software solution.
104.
Hexadecimal
a)
A number expressed using the base 10 system.
b)
A number system that uses 16 symbols, the letters A to F are used as digits to represent the decimal numbers 10 to 15.
c)
The symbolic name of an addressed, stored entity in a program that is referred to for later processing.
d)
A coding standard which specifies a unique number for every character in every language.
105.
High-Level Language
a)
A
programming language based on the object orientated paradigm. Programs are
made up of objects. Each object contains attributes and methods. Examples
include C++, Java and Delphi.
b)
A computer programming language in which each instruction or statement corresponds to several machine code instructions.
c)
A
programming language that requires programming to specify a step-by-step
process to tell the computer how to carry out a task, eg. BASIC, Pascal,
COBOL, FORTRAN, C. Based on variables and control structures. Also known as
imperative languages.
d)
A
language consisting of binary-coded instructions that can be understood and
executed by the computer. A machine language is specific to the CPU of a
particular computer.
106.
Imperative Language
a)
A
language consisting of binary-coded instructions that can be understood and
executed by the computer. A machine language is specific to the CPU of a
particular computer.
b)
Also known as Procedural Language.
c)
A
programming language based on the object orientated paradigm. Programs are
made up of objects. Each object contains attributes and methods. Examples
include C++, Java and Delphi.
d)
A
low-level language that is written using a mnemonic code (eg. LDA, STO) as
opposed to binary digits. An assembly language is specific to the CPU used in
the computer.
107.
Incremental Compilation
a)
That part of the CPU's task that manages the sequence of operations. It is carried out by the control unit.
b)
A check on entered data to ensure that it is of the correct data type and that its value is sensible.
c)
An integer value used to denote a particular data item in an array. Also called a dimension or subscript.
d)
A method of translating high-level source code into object code. Modules that have not been altered, since the last compile, are not recompiled. Only altered modules are compiled.
108.
Index
a)
The
section of an expert system program that contains the logic processing
functions. Used to draw conclusions from stated facts and relevant rules.
b)
A
translator program that translates one line at a time of the high-level
source code into a low-level object code, whereupon the computer executes
that line before the next line is translated.
c)
A circuit that is able to store a binary digit. The output from 2 gates, provide input for each other.
d)
An integer value used to denote a particular data item in an array. Also called a dimension or subscript.
109.
Inference Engine
a)
The section of an expert system program that contains the logic processing functions. Used to draw conclusions from stated facts and relevant rules.
b)
A form
of sorting by dividing the data structure into sorted part and an unsorted
part, taking each element in the unsorted part in turn, finding its correct
position in the sorted part and inserting it there, thus increasing the size
of the sorted part and decreasing the size of the unsorted.
c)
A
general purpose expert system containing reasoning mechanisms and a skeletal
knowledge base into which a user can inject specialised knowledge.
d)
The concept that allows different objects to be used or presented in different ways at run time, depending on the users' requirements at the time.
110.
Inheritance
a)
The ability of objects to take on the characteristics of their parent class or or classes.
b)
The
concept that allows different objects to be used or presented in different
ways at run time, depending on the users' requirements at the time.
c)
A
function or procedure containing a call to itself. A form of repetition.
d)
The
definition of a category of objects when using the object-orientated
paradigm. The class defines all the common attributes and methods of the
different objects that belong to it.
111.
Input Process Output Diagram
a)
Diagrams or charts that describe the data entering a process, the nature of the processing performed and the resulting information leaving the process.
b)
Abbreviation
for 'Input Process Output' diagrams.
c)
A
diagram that shows the logical flow of data through an organisation (system)
or subsystem.
d)
A chart
showing timelines for different stages of a systems development project.
112.
Insertion Sort
a)
A
repetition of a linear search to find the smallest (or largest) item in a
list. Repeating the search on the remaining unsorted list leads to a sorted
list.
b)
A form
of sorting by exchanging pairs of elements that are out of order, in a
sequence of passes through the data structure, until no such pairs exist. On
each pass, one of the elements (the larger or smaller of each pair depending
upon the criterion for exchanging) travels to an end of the data structure.
c)
An
algorithm used to search structured data. The data must be ordered in either
ascending or descending order. The algorithm repeatedly divides the data to
be searched into two parts, discards one part and searches for the other
until either the target is found or it is determined that the target is not
present.
d)
A form
of sorting by dividing the data structure into sorted part and an unsorted
part, taking each element in the unsorted part in turn, finding its correct
position in the sorted part and inserting it there, thus increasing the size
of the sorted part and decreasing the size of the unsorted.
113.
Instantiation
a)
The
definition of a category of objects when using the object-orientated
paradigm. The class defines all the common attributes and methods of the
different objects that belong to it.
b)
The
ability of objects to take on the characteristics of their parent class or or
classes. Inheritance encourages modularity and robustness in code.
c)
A rule
of thumb or a technique based on experience and for which our knowledge is
incomplete. It works with useful regularity but not necessarily all the time.
d)
The process of creating a particular object based on a class definition. Creating an 'instance' of an object.
114.
Integer
a)
A term
often used to describe a sequence of characters treated as a single entity.
b)
One of the (infinite) set of positive and negative whole numbers including 0.
c)
The symbolic name of an addressed, stored entity in a program that is referred to for later processing.
d)
A number expressed using the base 10 system.
115.
Integrated Circuit
a)
An
element that evaluates to one of the 2 values of true or false.
b)
A
language consisting of binary-coded instructions that can be understood and
executed by the computer. A machine language is specific to the CPU of a
particular computer.
c)
A circuit in which all the components are formed on a single piece of semi-conductor material (the silicon chip).
d)
The
machine code produced as a result of compiling a program written in a
higher-level language (source code); the code that runs when loaded into the
computer.
116.
Intellectual Property
a)
Property resulting from the fruits of mental labour.
b)
The
software that supervises and controls system resources such as the CPU,
memory, storage devices and I/O devices; and executes other (user-controlled)
programs. The operating system also manages the flow of data.
c)
The
process of analysing an existing system to identify its components and their
interrelationships, to allow the creation of a similar system.
d)
A euphemism for theft of intellectual property by the copying or use of software which the user has no legal right.
117.
Interpreter
a)
A type
of conversion where the old system is removed and the new system implemented
immediately. Also referred to as 'Direct Cut-Over'.
b)
Original
software that has been copied and is then on-sold as legal copies.
c)
A translator program that translates one line at a time of the high-level source code into a low-level object code, whereupon the computer executes that line before the next line is translated.
d)
A
euphemism for theft of intellectual property by the copying or use of
software which the user has no legal right.
118.
IPO
a)
Diagrams
or charts that describe the data entering a process, the nature of the
processing performed and the resulting information leaving the process.
b)
Abbreviation for 'Input Process Output' diagrams.
c)
A chart
showing timelines for different stages of a systems development project.
d)
A database used in artificial intelligence applications that consists of facts, inferences and rules needed to solve a problem.
119.
Knowledge Base
a)
A database used in artificial intelligence applications that consists of facts, inferences and rules needed to solve a problem.
b)
The art of designing and building an expert system.
c)
A circuit that is able to store a binary digit.
d)
The process of creating a particular object based on a class definition. Creating an 'instance' of an object.
120.
Knowledge Engineering
a)
A
database used in artificial intelligence applications that consists of facts,
inferences and rules needed to solve a problem.
b)
The
process of analysing an existing system to identify its components and their
interrelationships, to allow the creation of a similar system.
c)
The art of designing and building an expert system. In particular, collecting knowledge and heuristics from human experts in the area of speciality and assembling them into a knowledge base or expert system.
d)
The design of the interface between the user and the software solution.
121.
Latch
a)
A circuit that is able to store a binary digit. The output from 2 gates, provide input for each other.
b)
A circuit in which all the components are formed on a single piece of semi-conductor material
c)
The
specification of a particular process to be performed on or by an object.
d)
A transmission process in which a number of data bits are transmitted simultaneously, each bit along a separate channel or wire.
122.
Lexical Analysis
a)
A
signed agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser of software that
gives the purchaser the right to use the software.
b)
The process of examining each word to ensure it is a valid part of the language.
c)
An
element that evaluates to one of the 2 values of true or false.
d)
Performs a complete portion of a larger task and consists of one or more subprograms. It can pass data to and from other modules.
123.
License Agreement
a)
A
euphemism for theft of intellectual property by the copying or use of
software which the user has no legal right.
b)
A signed agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser of software that gives the purchaser the right to use the software.
c)
The
appropriate or imitating of another's ideas. The violation and infringement
of a Copyright.
d)
A term
that can be equated to the expectations of a customer. If expectations are
met or exceeded, then the product will be perceived as one of high quality.
124.
Linear Search
a)
Any
device which converts input provided by the environment into a signal that
can be communicated to a control program.
b)
A
repetition of a linear search to find the smallest (or largest) item in a
list. Repeating the search on the remaining unsorted list leads to a sorted
list.
c)
The
process of halting execution after each statement is executed. One of the
tools used for the detection of errors in code.
d)
An algorithm used to search structured data. The data need not be ordered.
125.
Linker
a)
A
circuit that is able to store a binary digit. The output from 2 gates,
provide input for each other.
b)
A system utility used to join compiled modules to form an executable program.
c)
The
specification of a particular process to be performed on or by an object.
d)
A system that allows a number of computers and their peripheral devices to be connected over a distance.
126.
Logic Error
a)
An error that occurs when the object code is executed. It may be the result of a logic error.
b)
An
error resulting from an illegal statement in a programs code. The translator
cannot continue once an error of this type is encountered.
c)
An enactable model or mock-up of a software system that enables evaluation of features and functions in an operational scenario.
d)
An error in the logic of the program that causes incorrect actions to be taken. Can normally only be detected by the programmer during the testing and debugging of the program when carefully selected test data is used as input to see that the program generates the known result.
127.
Logic Gate
a)
A
system utility used to join compiled modules to form an executable program.
b)
An
element that evaluates to one of the 2 values of true or false.
c)
AND OR NOT NAND NOR XOR circuits or combinations of these circuits.
d)
An operator that can be used with logical operands
128.
Logical Language
a)
AND OR
NOT NAND NOR XOR circuits or combinations of these circuits.
b)
An
error in the logic of the program that causes incorrect actions to be taken.
c)
An
element that evaluates to one of the 2 values of true or false.
d)
A
programming language based on the logical paradigm. Facts and rules combine
to form the knowledge base. An inference engine performs the processing.
129.
Logic Operand
a)
AND OR
NOT NAND NOR XOR circuits or combinations of these circuits.
b)
An
operator that can be used with logical operands
c)
A programming language based on the logical paradigm. Facts and rules combine to form the knowledge base. An inference engine performs the processing. Examples include Prolog and expert system shells.
d)
An element that evaluates to one of the 2 values of true or false.
130.
Logic Operator (e.g. AND, OR, NOT)
a)
A programming language based on the logical paradigm. Facts and rules combine to form the knowledge base. An inference engine performs the processing. Examples include Prolog and expert system shells.
b)
An element that evaluates to one of the 2 values of true or false. AND OR NOT NAND NOR XOR circuits or combinations of these circuits.
c)
An operator that can be used with logical operands
d)
AND OR NOT NAND NOR XOR circuits or combinations of these circuits.
131.
Machine Code/Language
a)
A means
of specifying the syntax of each of the valid commands in a given language.
b)
The
specification of a particular process to be performed on or by an object.
c)
A language consisting of binary-coded instructions that can be understood and executed by the computer. A machine language is specific to the CPU of a particular computer.
d)
A programming language based on the object orientated paradigm.
132.
Macro
a)
Performs
a complete portion of a larger task and consists of one or more subprograms.
It can pass data to and from other modules.
b)
A
system that allows a number of computers and their peripheral devices to be
connected over a distance.
c)
A term generally used to denote a routine, which is a set of instructions or a list of keyboard commands, stored in a file that can be executed by entering a few keys from the keyboard.
d)
A
method for representing integers in binary. Exchanging ones and zeros results
in the one's complement.
133.
Marketing
a)
A set
of procedures used to certify that a generated product meets specific
criteria with respect to quality and reliability. Quality assurance is
ongoing throughout design and development.
b)
The effort to determine and meet the needs and wants of current and potential customers.
c)
A
process in which a programmer makes use of software packages to quickly build
applications to meet the user's needs.
d)
A collection of facts about an entity.
134.
Metalanguage
a)
The
specification of a particular process to be performed on or by an object.
b)
A means of specifying the syntax of each of the valid commands in a given language.
c)
Performs
a complete portion of a larger task and consists of one or more subprograms.
It can pass data to and from other modules.
d)
In an object orientated programming environment, this refers to the data structures and procedures that apply to a specific unit in the system.
135.
Method
a)
The
contracting of services to external companies specialising in particular
tasks.
b)
The specification of a particular process to be performed on or by an object.
c)
A type
of conversion where the new system is introduced completely. For a period of
time the old system remains operational.
d)
A piece of executable code that is inserted into an existing executable program to correct a problem identified in the software solution.
136.
Mischanneling
a)
A
signed agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser of software that
gives the purchaser the right to use the software.
b)
Software sold with discounted licences is resold as a fully licensed product.
c)
Software
that is available due to the copyright holder relinquishing all rights to the
software.
d)
A term
that can be equated to the expectations of a customer. If expectations are
met or exceeded, then the product will be perceived as one of high quality.
137.
Module
a)
A
sequence of instructions written in a programming language that directs a
computer's actions.
b)
A term
that can be equated to the expectations of a customer. If expectations are
met or exceeded, then the product will be perceived as one of high quality.
c)
Performs a complete portion of a larger task and consists of one or more subprograms. It can pass data to and from other modules.
d)
A collection of facts about an entity.
138.
Network
a)
Compensation,
usually a portion of the proceeds paid to the author for the use of a work.
b)
Any
device which converts input provided by the environment into a signal that
can be communicated to a control program.
c)
A system that allows a number of computers and their peripheral devices to be connected over a distance.
d)
The rules resulting from the way in which elements of a programming language may be combined to form legal statements.
139.
Object
a)
Performs
a complete portion of a larger task and consists of one or more subprograms.
It can pass data to and from other modules.
b)
The
specification of a particular process to be performed on or by an object.
c)
The machine code produced as a result of compiling a program written in a higher-level language (source code); the code that runs when loaded into the computer.
d)
In an
object orientated programming environment, this refers to the data structures
and procedures that apply to a specific unit in the system.
140.
Object Code
a)
In an object orientated programming environment, this refers to the data structures and procedures that apply to a specific unit in the system.
b)
The specification of a particular process to be performed on or by an object.
c)
Methods which have the same name but accept a different number of parameters or parameters of different types.
d)
The machine code produced as a result of compiling a program written in a higher-level language (source code); the code that runs when loaded into the computer.
141.
Object-Orientated Language
a)
In an object orientated programming environment, this refers to the data structures and procedures that apply to a specific unit in the system.
b)
The machine code produced as a result of compiling a program written in a higher-level language (source code); the code that runs when loaded into the computer.
c)
The ability of objects to take on the characteristics of their parent class or or classes. Inheritance encourages modularity and robustness in code.
d)
A programming language based on the object orientated paradigm. Programs are made up of objects. Each object contains attributes and methods. Examples include C++, Java and Delphi.
142.
Operating System
a)
The ability of an older system to operate in harmony with a new system.
b)
A system that allows a number of computers and their peripheral devices to be connected over a distance.
c)
The process of analysing an existing system to identify its components and their interrelationships, to allow the creation of a similar system.
d)
The software that supervises and controls system resources such as the CPU, memory, storage devices and I/O devices; and executes other (user-controlled) programs.
143.
Outsourcing
a)
A
process whereby programmers not involved with the original design are asked
to check the logic of an algorithm.
b)
The contracting of services to external companies specialising in particular tasks.
c)
A
euphemism for theft of intellectual property by the copying or use of
software which the user has no legal right.
d)
One
whose business is the copying, distribution and sale of works by an author.
144.
Overloading
a)
The
specification of a particular process to be performed on or by an object.
b)
A predefined set of operations that returns a value.
c)
Methods
which have the same name but accept a different number of parameters or
parameters of different types.
d)
A type
of programming language based on functional paradigm. Essentially include
APL, Haskell and Lisp.
145.
Packet
a)
An
additional bit attached to the binary code for each transmitted character or
group of characters for the purpose of checking the accuracy of the received
item.
b)
A
contraction of binary digit. It is either 0 or a 1.
c)
The number system in which the base is two. It uses digits 0 and 1.
d)
A group of binary digits containing data and control characters which form part of a complete digital message. The control characters permit the checking and correct re-assembling of the message.
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