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WorksheetsPsychology Final Exam REVIEW
Total questions: 73
Worksheet time: 37mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Which of the following best describes the impact of extreme neglect on the brain?
a)
The brain shrank in size and deteriorated.
b)
The brain stayed the same, but the function was greatly limited
c)
The brain stayed the same in size, but deteriorated.
d)
The brain shrank in size and functioned normally.
2.
Distrust of others is symptomatic of
a)
mania
b)
dementia
c)
catatonia
d)
paranoia
3.
Sigmund Freud believed that dream analysis was a useful device for
a)
decreasing repression
b)
strengthening the superego
c)
displacing instinctual forces
d)
gaining insight into unconscious motives
4.
After several trials during which a dog is given a certain kind of food at the same time that a specific tone is sounded, there is evidence of conditioning if the dog salivates when
a)
the tone only is presented
b)
the food only is presented
c)
the food and tone are presented together
d)
a different tone is presented with the food
5.
Which of the following responses was most likely acquired through classical conditioning?
a)
The startle response of a baby the first time the baby hears thunder
b)
A child's fear of dogs after the child has been bitten by a dog
c)
The uncontrollable blinking of a woman who has just gotten dust in her eye
d)
The salivation of a dog that is halfway through a bowl of its favorite food
6.
In an experiment designed to determine whether scenes on television increase the frequency of aggressive behavior in children, one group of subjects saw a nonviolent cartoon and another group a violent cartoon. In the play period that followed the viewing of the cartoons, researchers observed the two groups of children together and counted instances of aggressive acts.
The control group in the experiment is the group that...
The control group in the experiment is the group that...
a)
watched the nonviolent cartoon
b)
performed the larger number of aggressive acts
c)
performed the smaller number of aggressive acts
d)
watched the violent cartoon
7.
The terms "modeling" and "imitation" are most closely associated with which of the following?
a)
Classical conditioning
b)
Gestalt theory
c)
Operant conditioning
d)
Social learning theory
8.
In a famous series of experiments conducted by Harry Harlow, infant monkeys were separated from their mothers at birth. The infants were then given two surrogate mothers (a terry-cloth "mother" and a wire "mother"), each of which alternately had a nursing bottle that provided food to the infants. The experimental results showed that in frightening situations the infant monkeys
a)
were more likely to become aggressive toward the wire mother than toward the terry-cloth mother
b)
preferred the wire mother, even when the terry-cloth mother had the nursing bottle
c)
preferred the terry-cloth mother, even when the wire mother had the nursing bottle
d)
would run and cling to whichever mother had the nursing bottle
9.
Which of the following is most characteristic of individuals with chronic schizophrenia?
a)
Extreme mood swings
b)
Disordered thinking
c)
Profound sadness
d)
Unaccountable loss of body function
10.
In which of the following types of research are the same children tested periodically at different points in their development?
a)
Clinical case study
b)
Between subjects
c)
Ethnographic
d)
Longitudinal
11.
A survey shows children who have encyclopedias in their homes earn better grades in school than children whose homes lack encyclopedias. The researcher concludes that having encyclopedias at home improves grades. This conclusion is erroneous primarily because the researcher has incorrectly
a)
identified the independent variable
b)
identified the dependent variable
c)
inferred correlation from causation
d)
inferred causation from correlation
12.
In-Ivan Pavlov's experiments in classical conditioning, the dog's salivation was
a)
an unconditioned stimulus only
b)
both an unconditioned and a conditioned response
c)
both an unconditioned and a conditioned stimulus
d)
a conditioned response only
13.
Which of the following statements is true of behaviorism?
a)
It was formulated to account for cognitive development.
b)
It is rooted in Sigmund Freud's view of the importance of early experiences.
c)
It holds that development is largely a product of learning.
d)
It emphasizes the dominance of heredity over environment.
14.
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts" is represented by which of the following?
a)
the Gestalt psychologists.
b)
the behaviorists.
c)
the structuralists.
d)
the functionalists.
15.
The goals of psychology are to
a)
develop effective methods of psychotherapy.
b)
describe, predict, understand and change behavior.
c)
explain the functioning of the human mind.
d)
compare, analyze, and control human behavior.
16.
Freud believed that all thoughts and actions are determined by
a)
the first year of life.
b)
forces in the personality that are often unconscious.
c)
needs for love and self-esteem.
d)
the drive for self-actualization
17.
Hillary is applying conditioning principles to teach language skills to little children. As a psychologist, her point of view appears to be
a)
Freudian.
b)
Gestalt.
c)
Functionalist.
d)
behaviorist.
18.
Strict behaviorists were criticized for overlooking the role that __________ plays in our lives.
a)
reward
b)
thinking
c)
punishment
d)
stimuli
19.
Psychology is
a)
the study of human origins, evolution, and cultures.
b)
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes of any living creature.
c)
a natural science integrating physiology and neurology.
d)
the deductive study of forms and functions of human groups.
20.
Of the following, who was a structuralist?
a)
B. F Skinner
b)
John Watson
c)
Wilhelm Wundt
d)
William James
21.
Of the following, who was a functionalist?
a)
B. F Skinner
b)
John Watson
c)
Wilhelm Wundt
d)
William James
22.
Of the following, who was a behaviorist?
a)
B. F Skinner
b)
John Watson
c)
Wilhelm Wundt
d)
William James
23.
Psychiatrists differ from psychologists in that psychiatrists
a)
are physicians with a specialization in abnormal behavior and psychotherapy
b)
are extensively trained in the theories and techniques of Sigmund Freud
c)
are generally more eclectic than psychologist
d)
have a Masters or Ph.D. degree with special training in psychological theory and research methods.
24.
Developmental psychologists study the effects of __________ on behavior.
a)
marketing
b)
learning disabilities
c)
aging
d)
robotics
25.
The kind of therapy developed by Freud is called
a)
Gestalt therapy.
b)
Psychoanalysis
c)
Behavior modification
d)
S-R therapy.
26.
You see a psychologist and tell her that you are feeling depressed. The psychologist talks to you about your past and attempts to link your present situation with patterns developed in your childhood during your relationship with your parents. The psychologist would probably belong to which school of psychology?
a)
humanistic psychology
b)
psychodynamic psychology
c)
Behaviorism
d)
Gestalt psychology
27.
The key idea in the behavioristic view is that
a)
behavior is shaped and controlled by one's environment
b)
behavior is the result of clashing forces with the personality
c)
behavior can be understood in terms of the mental processing of information
d)
environment plays a very small role in controlling one's behavior
28.
A practitioner who is intensively trained in the theories of Freud and treats patients by talking to them is probably a
a)
Psychiatrist.
b)
Clinical psychologist.
c)
Psychoanalyst.
d)
Counseling psychologist.
29.
A social scientist who characterizes his/her work as the study of the relationship between environmental events and the behavior they produce without regard for experience or consciousness is a
a)
Functionalist.
b)
Structuralist.
c)
Gestalt psychologist.
d)
Behaviorist.
30.
You see a psychologist and tell her that you are feeling depressed. She talks to you about the goals you have for yourself, about your image of yourself, and about the choices you make in your life and that you could be making in your life. This psychologist would probably belong to the __________ school of psychology.
a)
Humanistic
b)
Psychodynamic
c)
Behavioristic
d)
Gestalt
31.
__________ psychology is concerned with thinking, language, and problem solving.
a)
Behavioristic
b)
Psychoanalytic
c)
Cognitive
d)
Humanistic
32.
Biopsychologists
a)
limit the scope of their study to animals.
b)
are concerned with self-actualization and free will.
c)
stress the unconscious aspect of behavior.
d)
attempt to explain behavior in terms of biological or physical mechanisms.
33.
Johnny is part of a study designed to test the ability of a pill to cure the migraines of people who experience chronic migraines. After a few days, Johnny finds that the pill has alleviated his migraines and he experiences far fewer than usual. However, unbeknownst to Johnny, the pill he has been taking is nothing more than a sugar pill. What effect is Johnny most likely under the influence of?
a)
The Stratified Effect
b)
The Self-Bias Effect
c)
The Placebo Effect
d)
The Psychoanalytic Effect
34.
Which of the following would not be a naturalistic observation?
a)
Observing a Grizzly Bear in the forest.
b)
Observing Michael Jordan on a basketball court.
c)
Observing a lion at the zoo.
d)
Observing Tom Hanks on the set of a movie.
35.
Asking individuals a fixed set of questions is called a what?
a)
Case Study
b)
Survey
c)
Observation
d)
Introspective Analysis
36.
What type of correlation is shown by the graph?
a)
Positive Correlation
b)
Negative Correlation
c)
Double Correlation
d)
No Correlation
37.
Which pseudoscience primarily focused on measurements of the human skull, and helped pave the way for Psychology?
a)
Phrenology
b)
Astrology
c)
Psychoanalysis
d)
Numerology
38.
Which goal of psychology involves developing hypotheses and theories?
a)
Description
b)
Explanation
c)
Prediction
d)
Influence
39.
What Historical Approach involves studying the basic elements of human experience?
a)
Structuralism
b)
Functionalism
c)
Inheritable Traits
d)
Gestalt Psychology
40.
What is the name given to the problem in research where the researcher excludes data which does not go with their expected results?
a)
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
b)
Confirmation Bias
c)
Social Desirability Response
d)
Participant Bias
41.
On a fishing trip, Ed realizes that he has mistakenly packed the sewing box instead of the tackle box. He wants to fish but returns home because he does not have any lines or hooks. Ed’s failure to realize that sewing thread can be used as fishing line and that a bent needle can be used as a hook is an example of
a)
Cognitive accommodation
b)
Backward masking
c)
Functional fixedness
d)
Proactive interference
42.
A prototype is best defined as
a)
An example of habituation
b)
An example of bottom-up processing
c)
The hypothetical “most typical” instance of a category
d)
An essential element of category membership
43.
The intelligence quotient (IQ) has traditionally been based on the relationship between an individual’s mental age and his or her
a)
Stage of cognitive development
b)
Reading ability
c)
Chronological age
d)
Quantitative aptitude
44.
In a normal distribution of test scores, the percentage of scores that fall at or below the mean score is
a)
25
b)
50
c)
66.6
d)
95
45.
A teacher asks students to think of as many uses for a brick as possible. By listing 50 uses, most of which the class finds new and unusual, Susan is displaying
a)
Computational learning
b)
Paired-associate learning
c)
Hypothetical thinking
d)
Divergent thinking
46.
The hypothesis that intelligence is in part inherited is best supported by the fact that the IQ correlation for
a)
Pairs of twins reared together is greater than the correlation for pairs of twins reared apart
b)
Pairs of identical twins is greater than for pairs of fraternal twins
c)
Pairs of fraternal twins is greater than the correlation for other pairs of siblings
d)
Adopted children and their adoptive parents is greater than the correlation for the same children and their biological parents
47.
Which of the following types of tests is designed to measure an individual’s knowledge of a subject?
a)
Achievement
b)
Attitude
c)
Aptitude
d)
Projective
48.
A student who obtained a percentile rank of 75 on an achievement test is best characterized as having
a)
Ranked 75th from the top in a group of 100 test takers
b)
Answered 75% of the test questions correctly
c)
Scored higher than 75% of the test takers
d)
Scored 75% higher than the average test taker
49.
The performance of the group on which an IQ test is standardized sets the
a)
Method of administration most suitable for the test
b)
Extent to which IQ is determined by environment
c)
Degree of validity of the IQ test
d)
Norms against which the performance of later test takers can be evaluated
50.
Processing every possible combination of the letters DBRI to arrive at the word BIRD is an example of the use of
a)
An algorithm
b)
An inference rule
c)
A hypothesis
d)
A heuristic
51.
Metacognition refers to
a)
Amnesia
b)
Mental retardation
c)
Artificial intelligence
d)
Thinking about thinking
52.
A test that is labeled an achievement test is most likely to be given to
a)
Predict an individual’s ability to succeed in a particular job
b)
Allow a student to be exempted from a college course
c)
Assess the mental age of a gifted eight-year-old
d)
Investigate an individual’s cognitive style
53.
Which of the following represent, respectively, superordinate and subordinate categories for the basic-level category of “automobile”?
a)
Vehicle, convertible
b)
Station wagon, minivan
c)
Sedan, compact car
d)
Foreign car, domestic car
54.
Which of the following is the most appropriate criterion for evaluating the predictive validity of an intelligence test?
a)
Intelligence quotient
b)
Mental age
c)
Chronological age
d)
School grades
55.
Language is defined as:
a)
the ability to speak using the vocalizations of meaning through sound
b)
communication combining sounds and symbols according to specific rules
c)
communication using letters to represent sounds according to specific rules
d)
the ability to communicate through symbols representative of meaning
56.
When my baby makes vowel sounds it will be at what stage of language development:
a)
Babbling
b)
Cooing
c)
Linguistic
d)
Telegraphic
57.
When our child first says dada, dada, dada or mama, mama, mama. Rather than associating meaning with that combination of consonants and vowels, at first baby Fritz will be:
a)
Cooing
b)
Doodling
c)
Booing
d)
Babbling
58.
The process of changing and reorganizing information stored in memory to create new information is known as ________.
a)
cognitive
b)
thinking
c)
concept
d)
insight
59.
A(n) ________ is a visual, mental representation of an event or object.
a)
symbol
b)
concept
c)
image
d)
heuristic
60.
A(n) ________ is an abstract unit of thought that represents an object or a quality.
a)
concept
b)
image
c)
heuristic
d)
rule
61.
An example of a concept that has most of the features of that concept is known as a(n) ________.
a)
algorithm
b)
prototype
c)
heuristic
d)
symbol
62.
Heuristics are problem solving strategies which
a)
use a rule of thumb.
b)
use random search strategies.
c)
guarantee success in solving a problem.
d)
reduce the number of alternatives.
63.
Which one of the following is a characteristic of creativity
a)
convergence
b)
flexibility
c)
gender differences
d)
rigid personality factors
64.
The test you took for AP US History does not produce consistent results, even when comparing students at the extreme ends of performance. This test is not:
a)
Valid
b)
Reliable
c)
Standardized
d)
Normal
65.
For the intelligence quiz I considered having you do pushups, however this would not be a ____________ measure of your knowledge of intelligence.
a)
Valid
b)
Reliable
c)
Standardized
d)
Normal
66.
Which of the following best exemplifies crystallized intelligence:
a)
The ability to remember
b)
Knowledge gained from education
c)
Your potential to win a Nobel prize
d)
You were born with a brain
67.
_______________is responsible for the multiple intelligences theory (8 Intelligences).
a)
Robert Sternberg
b)
Stanford-Binet
c)
Matthew Tirey
d)
Howard Gardner
68.
_______________is responsible for IQ.
a)
M.L. Snyder
b)
Howard Gardner
c)
Robert Sternberg
d)
Stanford-Binet
69.
_______________is responsible for the test that independently measures both verbal and performance abilities.
a)
David Wechsler
b)
Robert Sternberg
c)
Stanford-Binet
d)
Howard Gardner
70.
IQ is designed to measure:
a)
Practical intelligence
b)
Spatial intelligence
c)
Heinousness intelligence
d)
General intelligence
71.
Which of the following would be best associated with ‘Multiple ability’ intelligence testing:
a)
Intelligence Quotient
b)
Whitaker Standard
c)
Gardner’s Theory
d)
Emotional Intelligence
72.
Which of the following would be an example of a culturally biased question:
a)
In what region of the Unites States does Kentucky belong?
b)
What family members typically live in a household?
c)
In what biosphere would you find a polar bear?
d)
Who was the founder of the United States?
73.
What IQ is generally considered average?
a)
150
b)
125
c)
100
d)
70
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