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Worksheets1st Semester Science Final Exam Review
Total questions: 110
Worksheet time: 55mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
What type of boundary exists between the North American Plate and the Pacific Plate?
a)
convergent boundary
b)
divergent boundary
c)
transform boundary
d)
fault boundary
2.
What theory states that lithospheric plates are in constant slow motion driven by convection currents in the asthenosphere?
a)
Continental drift
b)
Plate tectonics
c)
Law of Superposition
d)
Newton’s laws of motion
3.
What have scientists used to gain information about Earth’s interior?
a)
satellite images from GPS
b)
seismic waves from earthquakes
c)
fossil evidence in the fossil record
d)
lava pillows found at the mid-ocean ridge
4.
What era do we currently live in?
a)
Precambrian Time
b)
Paleozoic Era
c)
Mesozoic Era
d)
Cenozoic Era
5.
What form of mechanical weathering is being shown?
a)
animal actions
b)
plant growth
c)
oxidation
d)
ice wedging
6.
What makes a resource nonrenewable or renewable?
a)
How much they cost.
b)
How long it takes to replace them.
c)
How much pollution they cause.
d)
How indestructible they are.
7.
Which of the following is nonrenewable?
a)
solar
b)
biomass
c)
coal
d)
hydroelectric
8.
What is soil?
a)
only weathered rock
b)
only organic matter
c)
weathered rock and organic matter
d)
animals' bones and plants
9.
What could explain the fact that fossils of coral (organisms that live in warm, shallow waters) have been found in the deserts of the midwestern US?
a)
Coral thrive in dry, hot environments.
b)
The midwestern US was once covered by a shallow body of water.
c)
c. Coral evolved to grow legs and crawl to desert areas.
d)
The midwestern US was once covered by ice.
10.
__________ energy is produced from the intense heat inside Earth.
a)
geothermal
b)
wind
c)
hydroelectric
d)
solar
11.
A physical change of a rock, such as breaking or cracking, is caused by _______.
a)
chemical weathering
b)
gravitational erosion
c)
mechanical weathering
d)
evolutional magic
12.
As depth under Earth’s crust increases, what happens to the temperature and pressure of Earth’s layers?
a)
They both decrease.
b)
They both stay the same.
c)
They both increase.
d)
Temperature increases, but pressure decreases.
13.
Where / how did the Hawaiian Islands form?
a)
encircling the entire Ring of Fire
b)
along a plate boundary
c)
from continental drift
d)
over a hot spot
14.
Which of the following is a way to conserve water at home?
a)
Run the dishwpartiallyfull.
b)
Water your lawn during the hottest part of the day.
c)
Unplug energy users when not in use.
d)
Take shorter showers.
15.
Where is new crust forming in the diagram?
a)
C
b)
B
c)
A
d)
All of these
16.
Which of the following is a renewable resource?
a)
trees
b)
oil
c)
coal
d)
natural gas
17.
Which soil horizon is known as the "parent rock" where soil (parent material) first comes from?
a)
Bedrock
b)
A Horizon
c)
B Horizon
d)
C Horizon
18.
People are looking for alternatives to using coal as a fuel because:
a)
Coal is dangerous to mine for.
b)
Coal is abundant.
c)
Coal creates pollution when burned.
d)
Both A & C.
19.
Where are mountain chains (that are NON-VOLCANIC) most likely to occur?
a)
between two colliding continental plates
b)
between two colliding oceanic plates
c)
between an oceanic and continental plate
d)
in the middle of a continental plate
20.
In order for a metamorphic rock to become a sedimentary rock, what has to happen first?
a)
It has to melt.
b)
It has to disappear.
c)
It has to undergo heat and pressure.
d)
It has weather.
21.
Why will a rock that is permeable weather faster?
a)
The rocks grains are curly so they tend to break down faster.
b)
Mud can flow over the grooves in the rock, preventing acid rain from damaging it.
c)
Animals can build their habitats in the large cracks, causing mechanical weathering.
d)
Water can enter the rock through the tiny, connected air pockets, causing it to weather.
22.
Rocks are classified by their origin. What does this mean?
a)
how hard they are
b)
when they cooled and eroded
c)
how and where they formed
d)
what animal remains are in them
23.
Which type of rock are fossils most likely to be found in?
a)
igneous
b)
sedimentary
c)
metamorphic
d)
all kinds
24.
What kinds of rock can become molten material?
a)
igneous only
b)
any kind
c)
metamorphic only
d)
sedimentary only
25.
What has to happen in order for a sedimentary rock to become an igneous rock?
a)
It has to erode.
b)
It has to undergo heat and pressure.
c)
It has to melt.
d)
It has to disappear.
26.
What type of rock would you most likely find on the sea floor?
a)
metamorphic
b)
sedimentary
c)
igneous
d)
nonfoliated
27.
How does moving water in a river cause rock to have smooth, rounded edges?
a)
The water causes chunks of rock to break off, causing it to be rough.
b)
Sediment in the water wears away the edges of the rock, making it “polished.”
c)
The rocks dissolve almost immediately in the water.
d)
The water rapidly breaks the rock into smaller pieces.
28.
The _______ is the division of Earth’s long history into manageable parts.
a)
fossil record
b)
geologic time scale
c)
geologic time scale
d)
law of superposition
29.
_______ is the process by which companies try to return mined land to a more usable form.
a)
open-pit mining
b)
ore returning
c)
reclamation
d)
smelting
30.
Where can igneous rocks form?
a)
below Earth’s surface only
b)
above Earth’s surface only
c)
below and above Earth’s surface
d)
under heat and pressure deep below Earth only
31.
Compare the ages of the fossils found in layers W and Y.
a)
The fossils in W are younger than the fossils in Y.
b)
The fossils in Y are younger than the fossils in W.
c)
The fossils in W and Y are the same age.
d)
There is no way to tell from the picture.
32.
What MOST LIKELY created this landform?
a)
a glacier
b)
the wind
c)
gravity
d)
fast-flowing river
33.
Rocks from which metals can be removed in usable amounts are called ________.
a)
mines
b)
gems
c)
minerals
d)
ores
34.
Why is coal not considered to be a mineral?
a)
it is man-made
b)
it is expensive
c)
it is hard to find
d)
it contains organic matter (dead plants)
35.
The longest chain of mountains in the world is known as the __________.
a)
oceanic range
b)
mid-ocean ridge
c)
ring of fire
d)
the Pacific Ridge
36.
What do geologists use to find the RELATIVE age of rock layers?
a)
law of superposition
b)
index fossils
c)
original horizontality
d)
all of these
37.
What is the name given to the largest chunk of Earth’s history (88%?)
a)
Precambrian Time
b)
Paleozoic Era
c)
Mesozoic Era
d)
Cenozoic Era
38.
What has the greatest effect on plate movement?
a)
density and convection
b)
size and convection
c)
density and composition
d)
temperature and composition
39.
The deepest layer of the Earth that humans have drilled to is the ________.
a)
mantle
b)
outer core
c)
asthenosphere
d)
crust
40.
The process that continually adds crust to the ocean floor is called _)_______.
a)
sea-floor spreading
b)
continental drift
c)
trench making
d)
subduction
41.
The major agent of erosion that shapes Earth’s surface is __________.
a)
wind
b)
running water
c)
gravity
d)
glaciers
42.
A ________ is landform made of sediment that is deposited where a river flows into an ocean or a lake.
a)
waterfall
b)
delta
c)
meander
d)
alluvial fan
43.
Why would a rock with a high iron content turn reddish-brown and become crumbly?
a)
It is being physically weathered by acid rain.
b)
It is being mechanically weathered by animal droppings.
c)
It is being chemically weathered through the process of oxidation.
d)
It is being abrasively weathered with ice.
44.
What is the most widely used renewable source of energy?
a)
solar
b)
wind
c)
hydroelectric
d)
geothermal
45.
In the picture below, the ocean floor is sinking through a deep ocean trench and back into the mantle. What is this process called?
a)
subduction
b)
convection
c)
reduction
d)
sinkalation
46.
Which of the following is a common use of igneous rock?
a)
used in gravel
b)
tools in building material
c)
used in cleaning products
d)
all of the above
47.
Climate is very important during the process of chemical weathering. What type of climate enhances chemical weathering?
a)
hot & dry
b)
cold & dry
c)
cold & wet
d)
hot & wet
48.
The Grand Canyon, an enormous landform created through several geologic processes including uplift and erosion, took _______ to form.
a)
decades
b)
centuries
c)
thousands of years
d)
millions of years
49.
What is the most important agent of chemical weathering?
a)
acid rain
b)
water
c)
ice wedging
d)
plant growth
50.
What happens between oceanic crust and continental crust at a subduction zone?
a)
the less dense oceanic crust rises above the more dense continental crust
b)
the equally dense oceanic and continental crusts collide and form mountains
c)
the equally dense oceanic and continental crusts both sink and form magma
d)
the more dense oceanic crust sinks under the less dense continental crust
51.
How do plants prevent wind erosion?
a)
The stems change the direction of the wind.
b)
The leaves completely stop the wind.
c)
The roots act like fingers that hold the soil in place.
d)
The flowers attract bees who flap their wings energetically and in unison to counteract the force of the wind.
52.
When the grains in a rock are large and easy to see, the rock’s texture is said to be _______.
a)
fine-grained
b)
coarse-grained
c)
well-grained
d)
poor-grained
53.
The most plentiful fossil fuel in the U.S. is ______________.
a)
coal
b)
oil
c)
petroleum
d)
natural gas
54.
Why is the inner core a solid, even though it has temperatures hot enough to melt it?
a)
Earth’s magnetic field keeps it solid.
b)
The outer core keeps the inner core cool.
c)
The pressure from the layers above it keeps it solid.
d)
The presence of iron and nickel prevent it from melting.
55.
Where is the major volcanic belt, known as the Ring of Fire, located?
a)
in the middle of the Eurasian Plate
b)
around the Pacific Plate
c)
cutting through Iceland
d)
below the South American Plate
56.
How can geologists tell if a volcanic is likely to erupt?
a)
Many small earthquakes will be detected in the area near the volcano.
b)
Birds will begin to fly away from the opening of the volcano.
c)
People living near the volcano will begin to grow sick.
d)
The area near the volcano will receive heavy rain for a week before it erupts.
57.
Ice wedging, animal actions, abrasion and plant growth are all types of ___________ weathering.
a)
physical
b)
magical
c)
chemical
d)
erosional
58.
Marie found two fossils in two locations in a rock formation. Fossil A was found in the highest rock layer. Fossil B was found in the rock layer closest to the bottom. Which fossil is most likely that of a simpler organism?
a)
Fossil A
b)
Fossil B
59.
Why is loose soil more likely to erode quickly?
a)
It has less mass so gravity cannot hold it.
b)
There are no plant roots to hold it in place.
c)
Animals will not live near loose soil.
d)
None of the above
60.
What is the main type of rock that makes up the oceanic crust?
a)
obsidian
b)
granite
c)
basalt
d)
pumice
61.
When sediment is deposited, it __ the size of the land.
a)
decreases
b)
increases
c)
erodes
d)
does not change
62.
What is the difference between mechanical & chemical weathering?
a)
Chemical weathering changes the rock physically while mechanical weathering changes the chemical makeup of the rock.
b)
Mechanical weathering changes the rock physically while chemical weathering changes the chemical makeup of the rock.
c)
There is no difference between them.
d)
Both a and b are correct.
63.
A disadvantage to many of the renewable sources of energy is __________.
a)
they will run out
b)
they don't work
c)
we do not need them
d)
the equipment needed to use them is expensive
64.
What makes soil fertile?
a)
more acid
b)
less water
c)
more humus
d)
less decomposers
65.
What landforms are created by glaciers?
a)
U-shaped valley & meander
b)
moraine & V-shaped valley
c)
U-shaped valley & moraine
d)
meander & V-shaped valley
66.
The Paleozoic era and Mesozoic era are divisions in the geologic time scale whose endings are marked by _______.
a)
mass extinctions
b)
unusual rock formations
c)
formations of new continents
d)
sudden development of new life forms
67.
What causes the mass movement of sediment?
a)
wind
b)
glaicers
c)
gravity
d)
convection currents
68.
What is the difference between erosion and deposition?
a)
Erosion is the process of moving sediment & deposition is the dropping of sediment.
b)
Deposition is the process of moving sediment & erosion is the process of dropping sediment down.
c)
Erosion is the breaking down of rock & deposition is the building up of sediment.
d)
Deposition is the break down of rock to form sediment & erosion is the movement of sediment.
69.
Which of the following is NOT a soil conservation technique?
a)
silt fence
b)
terracing
c)
windbreak
d)
development
70.
Why are minerals so valuable?
a)
They are used in medicines.
b)
They are used in technological equipment.
c)
They are used in building materials.
d)
All of the above
71.
What is the ultimate source of almost all of our energy?
a)
biomass
b)
fossil fuels
c)
solar energy
d)
water
72.
What will happen if we do not conserve fossil fuels?
a)
They will become cheaper.
b)
They will be replaced faster.
c)
They will not be affected.
d)
They will one day be used up.
73.
Rain that is not absorbed and moves across the land is called _____________.
a)
runoff
b)
erosion
c)
waterfalls
d)
oxbow lakes
74.
According to this map which of the following describes where volcanoes are MOST LIKELY to form in the “The Ring of Fire”?
a)
•Volcanoes form in the middle of a
tectonic plate.
b)
•Volcanoes do not form where
tectonic plates meet.
c)
•Volcanoes form where tectonic plates meet other plates.
d)
•Volcanoes form where earthquakes
are least likely to occur.
75.
Volcanoes and earthquakes occur in similar areas because :
a)
•Both are caused by forces in the outer core of the Earth.
b)
•Earthquakes in the core release magma or volcanoes
c)
•Both are caused by the interaction of tectonic plates
d)
•Magma can only be formed by the force of earthquakes
76.
Which of the following processes will cause the formation of a valley or canyon such as the Grand Canyon?
a)
volcanoes and earthquakes
b)
weathering only
c)
weathering and erosion
d)
compression and shearing
77.
Which of the following would best prevent erosion?
a)
Strip mining an area
b)
•.
Plowing an area to remove plants
c)
•Cutting down & removing trees
d)
Being sure the area has lots of plants
78.
Weathering & erosion are not the same processes. Which of the following describes erosion?
a)
Iron ore rusts
b)
Ice break rocks apart
c)
•A glacier carries
a rock as it moves.
d)
Tree
roots grow into crack in rocks.
79.
Weathering & erosion are not the same processes. Which of the following describes weathering?
a)
•A river moves a rock downstream.
b)
A glacier carries rocks down a mountain.
c)
•Wind blows sand against a rock
& deposits it.
d)
. Ice breaks apart a rock.
80.
Which of the following is an example of deposition?
a)
A river drops its sediment.
b)
•A river is muddy due to a storm.
c)
•Rocks are broken down into smaller
pieces.
d)
•Rocks are chemically changed due to
acid rain.
81.
The San Andreas Fault in California is caused by a transform boundary. What stress is affecting this area?
a)
Tension
b)
Shearing
c)
Compaction
d)
Compressioon
82.
Fossils of the same species of dinosaur have been found in the continents of Africa, Australia, South America, and Antarctica. How can you explain this?
a)
•The wind blew the fossil bones across
the ocean from continent to continent.
b)
•The dinosaurs developed
independently on each continent.
c)
The continents were at one time joined together & then moved apart.
d)
•The dinosaur had adaptations
to survive the different environments of the continents.
83.
The Indo –Australian plate had moved toward the Eurasian plate. What feature has formed where these plates collided?
a)
Mid-ocean ridge
b)
•Subduction zone
c)
. Mountain range
d)
•Rift valley
84.
The Atlantic Ocean is very slowly getting bigger. What is causing this to occur?
a)
A.Sea-floor spreading and few trenches
b)
A.A convergent plate boundary
c)
A.Plate collisions under the ocean
d)
A.Volcanoes and earthquakes in the
ocean
85.
If your dad cut down all of the trees in your yard, what would happen?
a)
•The trees would grow back soon.
b)
•. Erosion would become worse.
c)
•It would help prevent erosion.
d)
•The soil would grow new trees.
86.
The Earth’s mantle is made up of molten material that rises, cools, sinks, reheats, and rises again. What causes this movement?
a)
hot spots
b)
magnetic fields
c)
advection forces
d)
convection currents
87.
Diagram A shows a type of stress that geologists call ________________.
a)
Tension
b)
Shearing
c)
Compression
d)
Cementation
88.
Diagram B shows a type of stress that geologists call ________________.
a)
Tension
b)
Shearing
c)
Compression
d)
Cementation
89.
Acid rain is a type of :
a)
erosion
b)
deposition
c)
mechanical weathering
d)
chemical weathering
90.
When two oceanic plates meet, the one that is most dense is subducted and melts into the Earth’s mantle. This creates an ocean floor feature called a __________.
a)
trench
b)
seamount
c)
compaction
d)
Mid-Ocean Ridge
91.
If animals break up the soil and rock what process is this?
a)
erosion
b)
deposition
c)
mechanical weathering
d)
chemical weathering
92.
You are given four pieces of limestone and a sedimentary rock which weathers easily. You place a sample at each of the following locations: the North Pole, the Gobi Desert, a forest in Georgia, and the Amazon Rainforest. In 30 years, you return to collect each of the rocks. Which of the rocks would be the most weathered?
a)
North Pole
b)
Gobi Desert
c)
Georgia forest
d)
Amazon Rainforest
93.
The diagram shows how a delta has developed over time. The land areas on either side of the river MOST LIKELY formed by:
a)
tectonic plate activity
b)
deposition of sediments
c)
human activity
d)
weathering and erosion
94.
Which of the following adds new material to the Earth’s surface?
a)
erosion & earthquakes
b)
weathering & volcanoes
c)
earthquakes & continental drift
d)
volcanoes & seafloor spreading
95.
Human activity is the main cause of erosion. Which of the following are ways that humans contribute (cause) to soil erosion?
a)
Recycling, reducing, and reusing
b)
Mining, farming, and development
c)
Windbreaks, contour plowing, and terracing
d)
Land reclamation, crop rotation,
and leaving the land fertile
96.
The BEST evidence that two land masses were once joined is the discovery that both land masses _______________.
a)
Have the same climate
b)
Have similar types of rocks & fossils
c)
Are in the same stage of deposition
d)
Exist along the same line of longitude
97.
From top to bottom, what are the names of the soil?
a)
•.
Topsoil, bedrock, subsoil
b)
Topsoil, subsoil, bedrock
c)
Subsoil, bedrock, topsoil
d)
•Bedrock, topsoil, subsoil
98.
Which of the following is NOT an example of erosion?
a)
•A glacier picks up boulders as it moves.
b)
The wind in the desert blows sand against a rock.
c)
•. An icy winter causes the pavement in a road to crack.
d)
•A flood washes over a riverbank,
and the water carries small soil particles downstream.
99.
Why are volcanoes and ridges formed during sea-floor spreading?
a)
Plates are being pushed together.
b)
Underwater earthquakes lift the sea floor into long ridges.
c)
Ocean water pushes down on the surrounding sea floor, pushing up the ridges.
d)
As the plates are pushed apart, molten material moves to the surface, building volcanoes and ridges..
100.
Water and wind can break rock into small pieces. What happens to these small pieces when they break away?
a)
Plants use them for energy.
b)
They become part of the soil.
c)
They become food for animals.
d)
They turn into earthworms.
101.
Which of these are Earth layers is the thinnest?
a)
crust
b)
mantle
c)
outer core
d)
inner core
102.
In the 1930’s the USA experienced an event called the “Dust Bowl.” What human activities contributed to the Dust Bowl?
a)
We developed too many strip mines & were not able to fill the holes.
b)
Farmers removed plants from fields, so the soil was exposed to erosion.
c)
Trees were cut down to build housing for a growing population.
d)
We had many years of rainfall that eroded the land.
103.
What type of fault does the diagram show?
a)
normal
b)
reverse
c)
strike-slip
d)
shearing
104.
What is the first step in the formation of soil?
a)
rock is eroded by water
b)
rock begins to weather
c)
animals die and decay
d)
minerals leach through topsoil
105.
What is the most common EXTRUSIVE igneous rock found in Earth’s crust?
a)
granite
b)
basalt
c)
obsidian
d)
sandstone
106.
This diagram is showing how each rock can become a completely different rock. What is this continual process called?
a)
Magma cycle
b)
Rock cycle
c)
Sediment cycle
d)
Pressure cycle
107.
In a rock formation, where will you find the OLDEST rocks?
a)
at the top of the formation
b)
in the middle of the formation
c)
to the left of the formation
d)
at the bottom of the formation
108.
Which is an accurate definition of metamorphic rock?
a)
A rock formed when particles of other rocks / remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together.
b)
a rock that forms from the extreme heat and pressure deep within Earth
c)
a rock formed from the cooling of molten material
d)
a rock formed by magic
109.
Which statement about Pangaea is TRUE? (HINT: landmass created from continents being joined together).
a)
Pangaea was made of oceanic crust only.
b)
Pangaea was made of all the Earth’s tectonic plates.
c)
Pangaea contained continental crust only.
d)
Pangaea contained continental crust only.
110.
Which fossil fuel produces the lowest level of pollutants?
a)
biomass
b)
natural gas
c)
coal
d)
petroleum
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