A 3-year-old child died of a meningococca! fever. A macroscopic study revealed swallowed meninges which had yellow-green colouring. Which pattern of inflammation was most likely in meninges?

A 37-year-old male presents with a fever, dyspnea and pain in the right part of the chest. The pleurocentesis gave 700 mis of thick yellow-greenish liquid. What pathological process was diagnosed in a pleural cavity

A 25 years old male presents with a 2-day history of itching and redness in the buccal area that appeared after shaving. Physical examination by family physician revealed vesicles filled with transparent fluid on the background the hyperemic buccal area. What is the most likely type of fluid in the vesicles?

An autopsy of a 34-years old female, with a history of croupous pneumonia revealed opaque fluid in her pleural cavity. There was also a grey membrane on the visceral pleura. What is the most likely type of the pleura's inflammation?

A 4-year-old girl with 3 days history of diphtheria presents to the emergency with croup symptoms. Intensive care was unsuccessful and child died at the hospital. A post-mortem revealed thickened, edematous, dull mucous tunic of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi covered by grayish membrane easily separated from tissues underneath. What is the most likely type of inflammation?

At post-mortem a 5-year-old boy is found to have a severe tracheobronchitis complicated with asphyxia. Grossly, a thick, gray, leathery membrane covered the mucous tunic of trachea and bronchi. The membrane loosely attached to underlying tissues and easily removed with forceps. The lumen of the segmental bronchi was blocked with gray masses of tissue debris, which microscopically consisted with necrotic tissues, neutrophils, fibrin and bacteria. What is the most likely type of inflammation?

An autopsy of a 50-year-old male, who died of dysentery, revealed the hypere-mic mucosa of the colon, coated with grey membranes, which can be removed from tissues underneath with some effort. Which type of an inflammation described in the intestine?

A 30-year-old male has a neck lymph node removed for examination. Histologi-cal investigation revealed granulomas, which consisted of epithelioid, lymphoid and rnultinuclear Langhans giant cells. Granulomas' centers were presented with necrosis. What causative agent needs to be revealed in the necrosis zone for support of the diagnosis of tuberculosis?

An autopsy of a 53-year-old male, with a history of crupous pneumonia, revealed in his dextral pleural cavity 900 ml of cloudy, grey-yellowish colored liquid. Pleural membranes were found to be dim and plethoric. Name the clinical -morphological form of the inflammation in the pleural cavity?

An autopsy of a 53-year-old male, who died from chronic renal failure, re­vealed the colon's mucosa, covered with grey — yellow membranes, densely coher­ent to tissues underneath. The removal of the membranes resulted in ulcers forma­tion. Name a type of an inflammation?

. A 65-year-old female with a long history of chronic glomerulonephritis died from chronic renal failure. A post-mortem revealed on the surface of the epicardium and pericardium grey-whitish villous membranes. Which pathological process took place in the pericardium?

An elderly man presented to his physician with the complicated nasal breathing. The histological investigation of a biopsy from his nose septum revealed granulo-matous inflammation in the mucosa with groups of large vacuolated histiocytes containing bacteria (Mikulicz's cells). What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 50-year-old male died of a pulmonary and cardiac insufficiency. An autopsy revealed in a left lung a 4 x 4 cm cavity, filled with pus. The wall of a cavity had a rough pattern, presented by pulmonary tissue. What is the most likely diagnose?

post-mortem of a man revealed in his abdominal cavity approximately 2.0 liters of a purulent exudate. A peritoneum was found to be dull, with a grayish tint. The intestinal serous membranes were covered with grayish membranes, which were removed easily. Which of the following is the most accurate diagnosis?

A microscopic examination of a kidney biopsy revealed foci with granular, eosinophilic masses in their centers. These lesions were surrounded by an infiltrate, consisted of lymphocytes, epithelioid cells and giant Langhans1 cells. What is the most likely pathological process?

A 38-year-old man, with a history of chronic pyelonephritis, died from the chronic renal failure. Medical record showed that an auscultation in the hospital determined a patient's "pericardial frictions rub". An'autopsy revealed a dim, rough, and hairy - like epicardium. What type of pericarditis presented in that case?

 A child presented to a hospital with symptoms of asphyxia. A physical exami­nation revealed in the larynx whitish membranes, which obstructed lumen and were easily separated from tissues underneath. Name the most probable type of an inflammation in the larynx?

A macroscopic investigation of trachea revealed a dim, hyperemic mucosa, covered with grey - white membranes. Which one is the most likely form of the inflammation?

An elderly man presented with a decomposition of some segments of spongy and cortical layers of an anticnemion bones. The cavities are filled with creamy greenish-yellow masses. What is the type of inflammation?

A female patient presented to the hospital with a fever, asphyxia and pain in the right part of her chest. During a pleurocentesis procedure 700 ml of a viscid yellow-green liquid was removed. What is the most likely diagnosis

An autopsy of the 58-year-old man, revealed in his liver a focus of tissue destruction, 4 cm in diameter, filled with a yellow-green liquid. What is the most likely diagnose?

A histological examination of biopsy from the nose mucous revealed epi-thelioid cells, plasmocytes, Mikulicz cells, and eosinophilic (acidophilic, Russell's) bodies. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A physical examination of a 5-year-old boy reveals the fauces and the tonsils enlarged, plethoric, and coated with irremovable whitish membranes. Which one of the following characterizes the changes in the fauces and tonsils?

A 49-year-old man, with 14 days history of acute lobar staphylococcal pneumonia in the left lower lobe of a lung, died of pulmonary and cardiac insufficiency. A post-mortem revealed in the upper lobe of a right lung an oval cavity, approximately 5 cm in diameter, filled with pus and connected with bronchus. Which complication of acute pneumonia took place in this case?

An autopsy of an elderly male revealed a cavity with compacted walls filled with a thick, greenish liquid, which had a stinking odor. What is the most likely disease?

A 62-year-old man died of croupous pneumonia. A post-mortem revealed in the pleural cavity an opaque liquid and a grayish membrane on visceral pleura. What is the most likely type of inflammation on the visceral pleura?

A 5-year-old child has a fever and pain at swallowing. A physical examination revealed enlarged, dark-red palatine tonsils. They were coated with a grey - yellow membrane which was intimately attached to the surface of the tonsils. Which kind of inflammation described in the tonsils?

An autopsy of a dead body revealed 200 ml of a viscid yellow-green liquid in the abdominal cavity. What is the most likely form of exudate inflammation?

A post-mortem of a young male revealed congested, thickened, opaque, yellowish-green meninges. What type of exudative inflammation these changes are characteristic for?

A woman, with a history of her hands' skin thermal burn, presented to physician painful blisters, filled with opaque liquid. What is the most likely type of inflammation?

A 44-year-old male had a skin biopsy procedure. Histological investigation of a tissue sample showed a caseous necrosis surrounded by infiltrate, consisted from lymphocytes, some giant cells and the growth of connective tissue. In addition, the endovasculitis was diagnosed. What is the most likely pathological process

. A 7-year-old child, with a history of angina, presented with enlarged paratra-cheal, bifurcation and neck lymph nodes. A histological examination of his neck lymph node revealed the foci of necrosis, surrounded by lymphocytes, epithelioid cells and Pirogov-Langhans' cells. Which one is the most likely pathology?

The histological examination of a lung tissue revealed a lesion presented with a locus of necrosis, surrounded by regular lines of epithelioid, lymphoid cells, plasma cells, macrophages and giant Pirogov-Langhans' cells.Define a kind of inflammation

A 6-year-old child presented to infectious disease department with a body temperature 38C, punctulated, bright red rash on a skin. The scarlet fever diagnosis is made. The fauces mucosa was brightly hyperemic, edematous; tonsils were markedly enlarged, with the dim yellowish-grayish centers and sites of black color. What inflammation underlies changes in fauces?

A rectoromanoscopy revealed edematous, reddish color mucosa of rectum and sigmoid colon, covered with a thick layer of mucus. Name the kind of inflammation?

A patient died with symptoms of the brain's edema and the dislocation of the stem. A post-mortem revealed thickened, opaque, grayish-green color pia mater. Which pathological process took place in pia mater of meninges?

A 5-year-old child presented to a hospital with acute fever (up to 38C), rhinitis, cough, lacrimation, and a patchy rash on the skin. His pharyngeal mucosa was edematous and hyperemic, with whitish maculae on the cheeks. What type of inflammation is the background of described changes?

A 3-year-old child presented to a hospital with asphyxia. Examination of the larynx revealed whitish membranes, which occluded a lumen and easily extracted. Diphtheria was suspected. Which form of inflammation took place in the larynx?

A 47-year-old male presented with a sub-febrile temperature and enlarged lymph nodes. A biopsy investigation of a lymph node revealed numerous granulo-mas with a caseous necrosis in the centers, surrounded by epithelioid cells, giant multinuclear Langhans' cells and lymphocytes.What is the most likely diagnosis?

At a 45-year-old man the biopsy procedure of his nasal cavity's mucosa was performed. The diagnosis of rhinoscleroma made. What cells are typical for the disease?

An autopsy of a 53-year-old male showed many white, millet sized nodules in his lungs. A microscopic examination revealed granulomas with a necrosis in their centers and epithelioid, lymphoid, plasma cells, macrophages and numerous large multinucleated cells (Langhans' cells) on the periphery of a lesion.What is the most likely form of granuloma?

A patient presented to the hospital with combustion of his right hand. A physical examination revealed a desquamation of epidermis with blisters formation. The blisters were filled with opaque liquid. What most probable inflammation described in that case?

A 43-year-old patient complains of hindered nasal breaming. Histological investigation of a biopsy of his nasal cavity mucosa revealed lymphoid cells, epithelioid cells, plasma cells and Mikulicz's cells. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 54-year-old patient complains of complicated nasal breathing. A nasal mucosa was thickened. Histological investigation of a biopsy revealed Mikulicz's cells, epithelioid cells, plasma cells, lymphoid cells, and hyaline sphere- like aggregates. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A sample of cervix uteri was taken for histological examination. A microscopical investigation revealed a tissue's inflammatory infiltration with vascular walls involvement of small vessels, arteries and veins. In addition, there were also determined a presence of plasma cells, lymphocytes, epithelioid cells in the infiltrate and foci of sclerosis and hyalinosis of tissue. What is the most likely disease?

A physical examination of tonsils and soft palate mucosa revealed white-grey color membranes, which are intimately attached to tissues underneath. An attempt to take out membranes results in formation of a deep tissue defect. Diagnose pathology on a mucosa of tonsils and a soft palate.

Histological investigation of a biopsy revealed a granuloma, consisted of lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages with foamy cytoplasm (Mikulicz's cells) and numerous hyaline's sphere- like aggregates. About what disease it is possible to think?

A 40-year-old woman, with a history of the right palm's burn, presented to her physician an acute pain, reddening and swelling of a palm. In a few minutes there was a bubble, filled with transparent yellowish liquid. The display of what pathological process the described changes are?

A 44-year-old man presented to the policlinic with a local pain in occipital area of a head and rise of a body temperature there. Gross investigation of a lesion zone revealed the cone-shaped cyanotic infiltration with a yellow-greenish apex, which rose above the surface of skin. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A skin sample was taken for histological research. Microscopical investigation revealed granulomas, consisted of macrophages' knots with adding of lymphocytes and plasma cells. There were also determined large macrophages with fatty vacuoles, which contained packed layers of causative agents of a disease (Virchow's cells). For what disease the given description is characteristic?

. Histological investigation of a skin biopsy revealed granulomas, which consisted of epithelioid cells, surrounded mainly by T-lymphocytes. In addition, few giant rnultinucleated cells (Langhans* cells) were determined among epithelioid cells. The caseous necrosis was diagnosed within the centers of granulomas. There was lack of blood vessels. What is the most likely disease?

A histological investigation of a liver biopsy revealed granulomas, consisted of plasma cells and lymphoid cells. Small vessels were characterized by endo - and perivasculitis. Some foci of caseous necrosis were also determined. Such granulomas are typical for:

A young man had a removal of mucous membrane new growths in his nasal cavity. A histological investigation revealed diffuse lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages infiltration. Name the type of inflammation

A 4-year-old child presented to his physician with a cold, high temperature, nausea and vomiting. He was hospitalized and died in two days. An autopsy revealed thickened, dim, edematous, congested, greenish-yellow pia mater of men-inges. What variety of exudative inflammation developed in pia maters?

A young man was operated because of phimosis. Histological investigation of a removed prepuce revealed polymorphic infiltrates, consisted of randomly located plasmocytes, epithelioid and lymphoid cells. The vasculitis was diagnosed in vessels. What disease such changes are characteristic for?

Microscopic investigation an elderly man's lungs revealed the foci of necrosis, surrounded by the bank of epithelioid cells and lymphocytes. Between lymphocytes and epithelioid cells the rounded giant cells, with a considerable quantity of nuclei, located on a periphery of a lesion were determined. Give the name for these changes

A 6-year-old child presented to department of infectious diseases with acute pain in a throat, difficulty at swallowing, rise of body temperature up to 39C and edema of neck. A gross oral investigation revealed enlarged, hyperemic tonsils, covered with plenty of yellow membranes, which intimately attached to the mucous membrane. An attempt to take off membrane results in deep, bleeding defect formation. What type of inflammation takes place?

A fragment of a stomach mucosa was taken for histology during endoscopy procedure. A microscopic investigation revealed intact mucous membrane, covered by mucus, thickened, edematous and hyperemic with a numerous tiny hemorrhages. Define the type of acute gastritis?

An operatively removed appendix was sent to pathology department. Macro-scopical investigation revealed markedly enlarged appendix. His serous membrane was dim, congested, covered by fibrin's membranes. The appendix' walls were thickened. On a cut section pus in the lumen was detected. Microscopical investigation showed a plethora of vessels, edema of all appendixes' layers and diffuses infiltration by leucocytes. What is the type of inflammation?

A 18-year-old girl had a neck lymphatic node removal at the biopsy procedure. Histological investigation showed nodules, consisted of banks of epithelioid, lymphoid cells and large multinucleated cells (Langhans' cells), located between them. In the centers of nodes a caseous necrosis was determined. What causative agent needs to be revealed in the necrosis zone for making final diagnosis?

A young man complains of an itch and a skin reddening, which has appeared after shaving. Objectively: a cheek skin is hyperemic; the blisters, filled with a transparent liquid, were detected. What character of a liquid in blisters?

A 4-year-old boy presented to a hospital with pain in a throat at swallowing and malaise. A physical examination revealed grayish - whitish membranes on a pharynx and tonsils on a background of moderate edema and hyperemia. These membranes were intimately attached to tissues underneath. What pathology the described changes testify to?

A 68-year-old man died from meningitis. An autopsy revealed thickened, congested, dim, edematous meninges (pia maters), which were saturated by creamy greenish-yellow exudate. Define the type of inflammation?

Biopsy of an oral cavity's ulcer presented for a histological research. A microscopical investigation revealed areas of caseous necrosis, surrounded by plasmo-cytes, epithelioid, lymphoid cells and few giant multinuclear Pirogov-Langhans cells. There were also small vessels with signs of endo- and perivasculitis. Choose the most likely diagnosis.

An autopsy of 32-year-old male revealed slightly swollen and hyperemic lungs, covered with numerous millet-like grayish nodules. Histological investigation determined lesions consisted of lymphoid, epithelioid and Langhans giant cells. What is the most likely diagnosis?

An operatively removed appendix was sent for histological examination. Mac-roscopical investigation revealed thickened appendix. His serous membrane was dim, congested, with whitish, loose membranes; the lumen contained turbid, whitish-yellow exudate. Histological study showed the diffuse neutrophil's infiltration of the appendix wall. Choose the most likely type of appendicitis.

A 15 year old boy died of the heart failure. He had a history of rheumatic heart disease in his medical record. Histological investigation of the left auricle of the heart revealed the rheumatic granuloma (the Aschoff-Talalayev body) with a central fibrinous focus associated, with a perimeter plasma cells, macrophages and giant cells. Which of following best describe the type of immune response?

. A 4-yers-old boy presents with multiple malformation of craniofacial bones. He died soon due to sepsis, resulted from bronchopneumonia. Blood test revealed the immunoglobulins within normal range. At autopsy the thymical aplasia was identified. Name the mane cause of death.

A 48-year-old women with asthma presents with viral respiratory infection. The infection caused a status asthmaticus with a fatal outcome. Histological investigation of lung tissue revealed a contracted bronchus and a luminal plug containing mucus and cell debris. The submucosa was edematous and contained a mixed inflammatory infiltrate, including a lot of eosinophils and degranulated must cells. What is the mechanism of hypersensitivity presented in this case?

A young man presents with the enlargement of the regional lymph nodes next to his inflamed wound, Histological investigation of the lymph node biopsy revealed the increased number of macrophages, lymphocytes and lymphoid follicules within cortex zone. Plasma cells number also increased. These alterations are most likely result of:

A newborn died after 3 days of life, as a result of a lethal outcome of intrauterine pneumonia. At autopsy a newborn is sound have a great reduction of his thymic weight and it's sizes. Histological investigation of thymus revealed the unclear boundary between cortex and medulla zone as a result of lymphocytes amount reduction. A few Hassall corpuscles were found. They were focally keratinized and had concentric aggregated of epithelial cells. The gland was also exhibited lobe atrophy and sclerosis. What pattern of reaction did the thymus demonstrate?

A 3-monm-old child died because of sepsis. An autopsy revealed thymic hy-poplasia, both sizes and mass of spleen reduction. Histologically, in spleen there was lack of the periarterial follicular T-zone and remarkable absence of cells at a red spleeny pulp. Lymph nodes investigation showed also absence of cells within paracortical (T-cells area). B-cells areas in immune system organs looked normal. What term best characterizes described above changes?

A morphological investigation of a kidney graft revealed a diffuse stromal infiltration by lymphocytes, plasmocytes, lymphoblasts, plasmablasts, and also a ne-crotic arteriitis. What pathology has developed in a graft?

An 8-year-old girl, with a history of acute tonsillitis 3 weeks before the application, presented with nephrotic syndrome (proteinuria, haematuria and cylindruria). These testify the glomerular basal membrane's lesion. What is the mechanism of the basal membrane pathology?

At 46-year-old patient with autoimmune gastritis a biopsy was taken. Histologically, there was an infiltration by lymphocytes and macrophages of a gastric mocous membrane. What type of hypersensitivity presented in that case?

Histological investigation of a lymph node revealed a considerable quantity of the enlarged lymphoid follicles with big germinal centers, and plenty of mitotic figures. What pathology these changes are characteristic for?

A child had a subcutaneous injection of tuberculin for a testing. Twenty-four hours later a physical examination revealed the expressed hyperemia and induration of tissues in the place of injection. What was the mechanism of these changes?

A 6-year-old child had the Mantoux test. In 3 days there was an inflammatory induration and a reddening of a skin 15 mm in diameter. That was considered as the positive test. What type of hypersensitivity reaction presented in that case?

Physical examination of a pregnant woman with an Rh-negative blood revealed a high level of antierythrocyte antibodies. The cutaneous flap of her Rh-positive husband applied for depression of antibodies. In 2 weeks a flap was rejected. Microscopical investigation showed a disturbance of blood circulation, edema and cellular infiltration mainly by lymphocytes, neutrophils and macrophages. What is the most probable pathology?

A 3-year-old child died of an acute destructive staphylococcal pneumonia. Macroscopically, thymus mass reduced to 3,0 gr. Microscopical investigation of thymus showed reduction of lobules, considerable decline of lymphocytes quantity, stromal collapse, and inversion of layers with cystic enlargement of the HassaH's bodies. What is the most likely diagnosis?

The experiment animal with a history of previous sensibilization received the next subcutaneous dose of antigen. In the place of injection a fibrinous inflammation with alteration of vessels walls, matrix and fiber structures of connective tissue (mucoid and fibrinoid swelling) and fibrinoid necrosis developed. What immu-nological reaction takes place?

A man with a history of bronchial asthma died of asphyxia. Microscopical investigation of lungs revealed excess of mucus with lots of eosinophils in the bronchial lumen, sclerosis of interalveolar septas and alveoli dilatation. What mechanism of hypersensitivity reaction presented in that case?

The infiltration anesthesia by ultracain with adrenaline solution has been done to a young man. Then redness, edema of the skin with itchy blisters suddenly developed. What type of hypersensitivity took place?

A 33-year-old patient with a history of acute tonsillitis presented with the urinary syndrome (haematuria, proteinuria and leukocyturia). Kidneys biopsy revealed an intracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis. Electronic microscopy determined large subepithelial deposits. What is the pathogenesis of this disease?

A 10-month-old child has developed pneumonia. Clinical and laboratory tests revealed absence of mature B-lymphocytes in peripheral blood and in B-zones of lymph nodes, acute reduction of immunogiobulins in serum. In peripheral blood a total quantity of lymphocytes was normal. What kind of an immunodeficiency developed in that case?

. A patient with a history of serious radioactive irradiation had bone marrow transplantation. In 2 months a rush on the skin and diarrhea developed. Clinical and laboratory tests showed hepatic insufficiency, local necrosis of the skin's epithelial cells, intestinal crypts and liver parenchymal cells. What was the reason for symptoms aggravation?

A 7-month-old child died of severe pneumonia complicated by sepsis. A postmortem revealed an absence of thymus. In lymph nodes there were no lymphoid follicles and cortical substance, in a spleen follicles were markedly reduced, germinal centers were absent. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 1 -year-old child died of a relapsing pneumonia. A post-mortem revealed hypoplasia of a thymus and peripheral lymphoid tissue, atrophy of cerebellum cortex, angiotelectasis of bulbar conjunctiva. Immunohistochemistry revealed decreased level of immunoglobulins. What is the most likely disease?

A 20-year-old woman died of postnatal sepsis. A post-mortem revealed enlarged congested spleen with abundant curettage from a cut section. Microscopical investigation showed hyperplasia and infiltration by plasmocytes of the red pulp and spleen's follicles. The red pulp was also rich with macrophages. What pathology resulted in spleen's alteration?

. Microscopical investigation of arterioles showed plasmatic saturation, mucoid and fibrinoid swelling, fibrmoid necrosis of walls, diffuse infiltration by lymphocytes, plasmocytes and monocytes. In addition, the focal proliferation of hystio-cytes, endotheliocytes and pericytes were determined. The final diagnosis was the "periarteritis nodosa". What type of inflammation took place in arterioles?

During operation of kidney transplantation in 15 minutes after vascular anastomoses application, transplant became flabby, cyanotic and spotty; the pulsation was absent. Microscopical investigation of a kidney specimen revealed periendothelial accumulation of neutrophils in glomeruli vessels. In addition there were also a thrombosis and necrosis of some glomeruli. Specify the type of graft rejection.

A young male complains of diminishing leg muscles in size and volume as a result of the complicated femoral fracture. The innervations of the muscles was not lost. Name the type of atrophy?

At autopsy a male is found to have big kidneys with marked dilatation of the renal pelvis and calyces filled with transparent liquid. A thinning of the renal parenchyma accompanied above lesions. Which is the most likely finding?

An autopsy of an elderly male revealed the atherosclerosis of the brain arteries accompanied with the thinning of the brains cortex. Name the cause of the atrophy?

A 62-yer-old male died at the hospital after developing heart failure. At autopsy the weight of the heart was SOOgm, with thickened right ventricular wall and dilated chamber. Name the alteration at the right ventriculum

A young male presents with a large and lacerated wound covered with pus. The peripheral zone of the tissue defect was filled with large amount of granulation tissue. Name the type of healing?

An autopsy revealed marked enlargement of a kidney. Gross examination of a kidney's section presented with dilation of both renal pelvis and calyces resulted from renal stones. What from diagnoses is most faithful?

A physical investigation of an elderly man with history of esophagus cancer with stenosis but without metastasis revealed an atrophy of skeletal muscles and subcutaneous fat tissue. Skin was grayish-brown color, an epidermis was thinned, and size of the heart decreased. Myocardium and liver also had a brown coloring. What is the most likely diagnosis

At the man with long history of smoking the bronchial biopsy is taken. Microscopical investigation showed the thickened mucous membrane with chronic inflammation and transformation of ciliated epithelium into stratified one. What pathology such changes are characteristic for?

A patient with a history of frequent hemorrhoid bleeding died of acute myocar-dial infarction. A post-mortem revealed a red, succulent bone marrow of a hip diaphysis. What pathology developed in a bone marrow?

. A 59-year-old patient with a history of prostate glandular hyperplasia operated in the urology. An operation revealed a thickening of a urinary bladder wall up to 1 cm. It may be caused by:

A 7-year-old child presented with a poliomyelitis. His somatic muscles are weak, their volume is reduced, and skin is dry and pale. Choose the most likely pathology, which takes place in the soft tissues?

An elderly man with a long history of smoking presented with a cough accompanied by viscid mucous sputum, weakness after the insignificant physical activity and pale color of the skin. He lost 12.0 kg of weight for the last two months. Microscopical investigation of endoscopic biopsy showed squamous cell carcinoma. What pathology preceded the tumor formation?

A 48-year-old patient with a history of a hypertensive disease died of heart failure. An autopsy revealed an enlarged heart with dilated chambers. A thickness of the left ventricle wall was 2,5cm. Microscopically myocardial cells were considerably enlarged, with fatty dystrophy and hyperchromic barrel-shaped nuclei. What is the most likely pathology diagnosed in a heart?

A 60-year-old man has a history of chronic bronchitis. Histological investigation of bronchus biopsy showed thinned mucous membrane, cystic transformation of mucous glands, and replacement of prismatic epithelium on stratified one. What of the listed pathological processes the most likely?

Microscopical investigation of tissue from the edge of a chronic gastric ulcer showed necrosis, granulation tissue, abundant development of connective tissue and metaplasia of epithelium. What type of pathology takes place in that case?

At a patient with a chronic cystitis biopsy of urinary bladder mucosa was taken. Microscopical investigation revealed a transitional epithelium with foci of stratified epithelium without keratinization. What process underlies the described changes in an epithelium?

After traumatic damage of a liver, subsequently there was complete hepatic structural and functional restoration. Name the type of regeneration?

At a patient with chronic bronchitis biopsy of bronchus mucous membrane was taken. Microscopical investigation revealed the areas of stratified epithelium without keratinization. What pathology takes place in the mucous membrane of bronchus?

A 42-year-old woman presented to the gynecologist with acyclic, profuse hem-orrhagic discharge. A histological investigation of a curettage material revealed increased quantity of glands and their cystic dilation. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A post-mortem of a 64-year-old woman with a long story of hypertensive disease revealed considerably diminished, dense kidneys with a fine-grained surface. What pathology such changes are characteristic for?

An elderly man died of cardiac insufficiency. Twenty years ago he had the right lung pulmonectomy because of a cyst. A post-mortem revealed an enlarged left lung. Diagnose pathology in the left lung.

. A 42-year-old man had a lower extremity amputation. After a while painful knots appeared in a stump. Microscopical investigation revealed amputation neuromas. What pathology such changes are characteristic for?

A 38-year-old woman presented with complaints about the frequent uterine bleeding. The diagnostic curettage was performed. A histological investigation of a curettage material revealed increased quantity of coiled glands, some of them were with cystic dilation. What pathology these changes are characteristic for?

A man had the right lung pulmonectomy because of a tumor 7 years ago. Then the volume of the left lung increased on 40%. What process developed in the left lung?

A histological investigation of an endometrium revealed coiled extended glands with 'saw-' and a 'spin-like' pattern. A strornal proliferation with hypeiplasia of its cells was also determined. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A patient presented with small knots on a thin peduncle in his rectum. Microscopical investigation of the biopsy material revealed a growth of connective tissue and glands. What is the most likely pathology?

The biopsy of central bronchus mucosa of miner is taken. Microscopically, there is a transformation of a cylindrical epithelium to the mature stratified one. What pathology such changes are characteristic for?

The biopsy of a vaginal portion of uterus cervix is taken. There is an augmentation of quantity of cells, rising of mitotic activity and alteration of polarity of cells in basal part of an epithelial layer. What pathology such changes are characteristic for?

A 40-year-old man has a keloid scar after a treatment of the left arm burn. This process may be an example of: