circular current of warm material rising and cool material sinking that transfers heat

thicker, denser part of Earth’s crust that makes up the continents

dense, metallic center of Earth, consisting of the inner and outer core

rigid part of Earth that consists of the crust and upper mantle, lying above the asthenosphere

middle layer of Earth, consisting of hot, solid rock

thinner, less dense part of Earth’s crust that makes up the ocean basins

theory that Earth’s lithosphere is divided into plates that move over the asthenosphere

earthquake wave that transports energy from an earthquake through the ground in all directions

early 20th century hypothesis that the continents move over Earth’s surface

area surrounding a magnet over which it exerts magnetic force

device that uses sound waves to calculate distances to underwater objects and the seafloor

hypothesis explaining how the ocean floor forms and how continents can drift

splitting of a continent at a divergent plate boundary

location where two lithospheric plates come together

location where two lithospheric plates move apart

geologic activity that takes plates within a plate away from plate boundaries

line of island volcanoes resulting from subduction of one oceanic plate beneath another oceanic plate

slab of lithosphere that can move over Earth’s surface

location where two lithospheric plates meet

theory that Earth’s surface is divided into lithospheric plates that move over the planet’s surface

sinking of one lithospheric plate beneath another

area where two lithospheric plates come together and one sinks beneath the other

fracture in rock where one plate slides past another

location where two lithospheric plates slide past one another in opposite directions