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WorksheetsES Chapter 11 Fossils (BJU)
Total questions: 77
Worksheet time: 39mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Why are the LeBrea tar pits important?
a)
It has thousands of fossils preserved there in the asphalt trap
b)
It is a great place to visit in LA
c)
It was the first location where tar was discovered seeping from the ground
2.
It is thought that large animals were lured into the trap when seeking water and got stuck, making them easy prey for predators who also got stuck.
a)
True
b)
False
3.
A fossil is
a)
any remains or trace of a formerly living thing preserved by natural processes
b)
sometimes made of original materials
c)
sometimes preserved in sedimentary metamorphic rock
d)
all of the above
4.
The vast majority of fossils that have been found are of what kind of organism?
a)
dinosaurs
b)
insects
c)
marine
d)
arthropods
5.
An example of fossils that do NOT usually exhibit original materials are
a)
some wooly mammoth fossils
b)
insects trapped in amber
c)
coquina
d)
dinosaurs
6.
Another name for petrified fossils is
a)
compression fossils
b)
replacement fossils
c)
trace fossils
7.
Dissolved minerals can replace the hard parts of animals and plants forming rocks that are the mineral replicas of the organism, often in amazing detail. This is called
a)
organization
b)
replication
c)
petrification
d)
solidification
8.
Examples of petrified fossils are
a)
trilobites and trees
b)
dinosaur footprints
c)
ferns
d)
cemented seashells
9.
When a dead organism leaves an open space after it decays within sediment, it is called a
a)
cast
b)
trace fossil
c)
mold
d)
petrified fossil
10.
Precipitated minerals can fill the space within a mold, hardening, and forming a
a)
detailed cast
b)
detailed trace fossil
c)
detailed new mold
d)
detailed compression fossil
11.
Another name for carbon prints is
a)
trace fossils
b)
petrified fossils
c)
compression fossils
d)
replacement fossils
12.
Carbon prints are fossils that are found pressed between layers of
a)
obsidian rock
b)
shale or sandstone
c)
marble or gneiss
d)
limestone
13.
Which is NOT a trace fossil?
a)
tracks
b)
eggs
c)
coprolites
d)
shells
14.
Ichthyosaurus was an air-breathing marine reptile that is believed to look much like today's porpoise.
a)
True
b)
False
15.
Ammonite shells are coiled and chambered, much like snail shells.
a)
True
b)
False
16.
Microscopic fossils are the most common type of fossil found.
a)
True
b)
False
17.
Most animals/plants decay when they die. Exposure to what conditions speeds decay?
a)
low oxygen
b)
high temperatures
c)
low moisture
d)
high altitudes
18.
Fossilization is rare and only occurs when
a)
the organism is encased in sediment
b)
the organism becomes sediment
c)
both of the above
d)
none of the above
19.
Most fossils are found in
a)
igneous rock
b)
metamorphic rock
c)
sedimentary rock
d)
all of the above
20.
Volcanic ash most commonly produces what kind of fossil type?
a)
original materials
b)
casts
c)
molds
d)
carbon prints
21.
What material does mineralized tree sap become?
a)
Amber
b)
Asphalt
c)
Honey
d)
Resin
22.
Which is a fossil trap?
a)
Amber
b)
Ice
c)
Asphalt
d)
All of the above
23.
Fossils that seem to appear reliably in the proper geologic sequence and are used by secular geologists to date rock strata are called
a)
geologic fossils
b)
universal fossils
c)
dating fossils
d)
index fossils
24.
Soft tissue has not been found associated with dinosaur bones because they are simply too old.
a)
True
b)
False
25.
The classification system used for fossils is the same one created for living organisms designed by
a)
Dimitri Mendeleev
b)
Charles Darwin
c)
Carolus Linnaeus
d)
Watson and Crick
26.
The study and classification of fossils is called
a)
Paleontologists
b)
Paleontology
c)
Evolutionary Biology
d)
Anthropology
27.
Animal and plant classification today is based on how that organism's physical characteristics compare with other living organisms and on its genetic information.
a)
True
b)
False
28.
Those who study fossils can use similar characteristics between organisms and DNA evidence to classify fossils.
a)
True
b)
False
29.
Most fossils are rocks or minerals and not actually the original organism.
a)
True
b)
False
30.
When fossils do not seem to "fit" into a classification, new categories may be created.
a)
True
b)
False
31.
Charles Darwin's famous book on evolution was called
"Natural Selection".
"Natural Selection".
a)
True
b)
False
32.
The Principle of Superposition states that
a)
the newest layers of rock are the lowest in the geologic column
b)
fossils that are more complex are lower in the geologic column
c)
the stronger of two organisms will live to reproduce
d)
the oldest layers of rock are the lowest in the geologic column
33.
Paleontologists assume, then, that the simpler fossils found in older rock that is lower in the geologic column must also be older than the more complex ones that are higher up.
a)
True
b)
False
34.
Fossils do not show up out of order (earlier or later than the estimated age of the layer of rock in which they are found) in the geologic column, confirming evolutionary theory.
a)
True
b)
False
35.
An example of circular reasoning is
a)
using the assumed age of rocks to date fossils, then use the index fossils to date rocks
b)
order the Big Mac without fries to save on calories, then order the fries without the Big Mac to do the same
c)
Both of the above
36.
The fossil record does not truly show evolution of species.
a)
True
b)
False
37.
Fossils that would indicate plants or animals in the process of evolving into other plants or animals are called
a)
Intermediate forms
b)
Transitional forms
c)
Evolutional forms
d)
Developing forms
38.
Archaeopteryx is the most famous possible "missing link" between
a)
reptiles and birds
b)
reptiles and crocodiles
c)
birds and crocodiles
d)
birds and amphibians
39.
The lack of examples of credible transitional forms is a powerful argument against biological evolution.
a)
True
b)
False
40.
An animal is headed for extinction when more animals are born than those that die within a generation.
a)
True
b)
False
41.
According to evolutionists, there have been _______ major extinction events during the past _________ million years.
a)
2, 5
b)
2, 50
c)
5, 50
d)
5, 500
42.
The major extinction events show up when large groups of animals and plants seemed to disappear from the fossil record all at once (not just a few organisms at a time).
a)
True
b)
False
43.
Old-earth paleontologists have to
a)
look for evolutionary relationships in the fossil record
b)
assume gradual change over time with a few catastrophic extinctions
c)
assume all organisms found together were part of the same community
d)
all of the above
44.
Young-earth paleontologists assume that
a)
fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks came from the Flood
b)
changes in the numbers and kinds of fossil groups must be due to the way they were carried in moving water
c)
the moving water and upheaval of the earth would have also altered the way they were buried and the order in which they were buried
d)
all of the above
45.
The Flood would have brought with it a time of
a)
global volcanism
b)
huge meteorite impacts
c)
massive extinctions
d)
all of the above
46.
Young-earth paleontologists believe the order is as follows:
less mobile, bottom-dwelling sea creatures were buried by water-borne sediments and volcanic ash followed by more mobile sea creatures; as seas rose, smaller, slower land animals drowned followed by larger, faster land animals and birds
less mobile, bottom-dwelling sea creatures were buried by water-borne sediments and volcanic ash followed by more mobile sea creatures; as seas rose, smaller, slower land animals drowned followed by larger, faster land animals and birds
a)
True
b)
False
47.
Creationists believe that all plants and animals found together actually lived together in community.
a)
True
b)
False
48.
The most popular explanation for the extinction of the dinosaurs is
a)
an arthropod-borne disease
b)
the Flood
c)
global cooling caused by meteorite impacts
d)
territorial loss of habitat and ecosystems
49.
The Bible actually suggests that dinosaurs could have survived the Flood on the ark with all of the other animals.
a)
True
b)
False
50.
Behemoth was likely a large land dinosaur (Brachiosaurus) and Leviathan was probably a huge marine crocodile (Sarcosuchus). Both of these creatures were described in Job.
a)
True
b)
False
51.
A trilobite is a segmented marine fossil with an external skeleton (invertebrate).
a)
They could shed their exoskeleton like some of today's organisms.
b)
They were anywhere from 1mm to 720mm (over 2 feet) long.
c)
There are over 17,000 named species that have been discovered.
d)
All of the above
52.
Coal is an organic sedimentary rock.
a)
True
b)
False
53.
Coal
a)
comes from fossilized plants
b)
was first used in China around 1000 BC
c)
comes in 3 varieties
d)
all of the above
54.
The type of coal that can be fibrous, burns with a smoky yellow flame, and is relatively soft and crumbly is ____________. It is used mostly in electric power plants.
a)
lignite
b)
bituminous
c)
anthracite
55.
The type of coal that is mainly used for the steel industry both for heating the furnaces and as coking coal is __________. It contains the most energy of any type of coal.
a)
lignite
b)
bituminous
c)
anthracite
56.
This kind of coal is the hardest form of coal. It burns with a very hot, blue, nearly-smokeless flame (cleanest burning). It is more expensive and produces less heat, but is sometimes chosen in areas where cleaner burning is required.
a)
lignite
b)
bituminous
c)
anthracite
57.
Nearly 30% of the electric energy in the US is from coal-fired plants.
a)
True
b)
False
58.
Underground mine fires, once started in coal mines, can burn for years.
a)
True
b)
False
59.
The only solid fossil fuel is
a)
coal
b)
crude oil
c)
petroleum
d)
natural gas
60.
Petroleum is the refined form of
a)
natural gas
b)
crude oil
c)
gasoline
d)
coal
61.
Petroleum is a mixture of molecules containing mainly the elements
a)
carbon and oxygen
b)
carbon and hydrogen
c)
hydrogen and oxygen
d)
oxygen and nitrogen
62.
Natural gas is usually found with crude oil in the form of
a)
methane
b)
ethane
c)
propane
d)
butane
63.
Other natural gases can be present in the combination of hydrocarbons that makes up petroleum. They are
a)
ethane
b)
propane (LNG)
c)
butane (LNG)
d)
all of the above
64.
We collect oil and natural gas by
a)
strip mining
b)
drilling
c)
deep-shaft mining
65.
What makes oil and gas flow upward, against gravity, through the rocks?
a)
air pressure on the oil/gas pocket
b)
rock pressure on the oil/gas pocket
c)
density of air/rocks vs oil/gas
d)
density of water/rocks vs oil/gas
66.
Origin of coal is thought to occur in what order?
a)
lignite, anthracite, lignite, peat
b)
peat, lignite, bitumitous, anthracite
c)
anthracite, bituminous, lignite, peat
d)
bituminous, peat, lignite, anthracite
67.
Peat is the compressed fibrous material of dead plant matter that was buried with sediments.
a)
True
b)
False
68.
Flood geologists believe that the coal could have been formed quickly in running water rather than over millions of years in a swampy bog.
a)
True
b)
False
69.
Most scientists agree that petroleum and natural gas originated from
a)
fossilized unknown organic organisms
b)
fossilized animal sediments
c)
fossilized ferns and trees in bogs
d)
fossilized marine plants (phytoplankton)
70.
Rocks most likely to contain petroleum are
a)
igneous
b)
sedimentary
c)
metamorphic
71.
Some geologists are now questioning whether petroleum came from fossilized organisms at all. The petroleum formed from a non-organic source is called
a)
abiogenic
b)
biogenic
c)
anaerobic
d)
aerobic
72.
Some believe that if petroleum did not form from the fossils of once-living things, then maybe it was just created by God for our use much like minerals.
a)
True
b)
False
73.
Problems with the use of fossil fuels
a)
non renewable
b)
pollution and toxic chemicals
c)
greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide
d)
all of the above
74.
We recognize coal as an organic sedimentary rock, but it could be also considered metamorphic since heat and pressure have changed it from its original materials.
a)
True
b)
False
75.
The process of permineralization occurs when mineral-rich waters fill a cast and harden over time to become a mold which can be very detailed.
a)
True
b)
False
76.
Was Archaeopteryx more reptile-like or bird-like?
a)
reptile-like
b)
bird-like
77.
The two gases that are most linked with the greenhouse effect are
a)
water vapor and sulfuric gas
b)
carbon dioxide and sulfuric gas
c)
water vapor and carbon dioxide
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