Children of abusive parents often learn to be aggressive by imitating their parents.  This illustrates the importance of

Alex learned to babysit and care for young children effectively by observing the many ways his mother carefully nurtured his own younger siblings.  This best illustrates the value of observational learning for promoting

Skinner is to shaping as Bandura is to 

We find it harder to frown when viewing a smile than when viewing a frown.  This can most clearly be attributed to 

Dan and Joel, both 4 years-olds, have been watching reruns of "Superman" on television.  Joel's mother recently found the boys standing on the garage roof, ready to try flying.  What best accounts for the boys' behavior?

A learned association between a response and a consequence is central to

To get you to increase the frequency of your daily exercise, operant behavior specialists are most likely to recommend that you

Alex learned how to make 3-point basketball shots by successfully making very short shots before shooting from increasingly longer distances from the hoop.  This learning strategy best illustrates the process of 

B.F. Skinner's critics have claimed that he neglected the importance of the individual's

After pigs learned to pick up and deposit wooden coins in a piggy bank, the pigs subsequently dropped the coins repeatedly and pushed them with their snouts.  This best illustrates the importance of _______________ in operant conditioning.

Studies of latent learning highlight the importance of 

After a week of college, Su-Chuan has formed a mental representation of the layout of the campus and no longer gets lost.  Su-Chuan has developed a 

For purposes of effective shild-rearing, most psychologists favor the use of 

Positive punishment is the introduction of a(n) _________________ stimulus following a behavior and negative punishment is the withdrawal of a(n) _______________ stimulus following a behavior.

Myron quit gambling after he lost over a thousand dollars betting on horse races.  This best illustrates the effects of 

On the first day of class, Professor Wallace tells her geography students that pop quizzes will be given at unpredictable times throughout the semester.   Clearly, studying for Professor Wallace's surprise quizzes will be reinforced on a ________________ schedule.

Asking women for dates is most likely to be reinforced on a _________________ schedule.

Blake is a carpet installer who wants to be paid for each square foot of carpet he lays rather than with an hourly wage.   Blake prefers working on a ________________ schedule of reinforcement.

The way slot machines reward gamblers with money best illustrates

Janet has almost finished painting a neighbor's house, at which time she'll be paid $2,000.  The fact that she is increasingly unlikely to quit painting as she nears completion of the job best illustrates that operant behavior is strongly influenced by _______________ reinforcers.

Alex was paid $100  for eight hours of work.  The money was a(n)

The taste of food and relief from a headache are both ____________ reinforcers.

Positive reinforcers ______________ the rate of operant responding, and negative reinforcers __________ the rate of operant responding.

Any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response is called a(n)

A pigeon is consistently reinforced with food for pecking a key after seeing an image of a human face, but not reinforced for pecking after seeing other images.  By signaling that a pecking response will be reinforced, the image of a human face is a(n)

An animal trainer is teaching a miniature poodle to balance on a ball.  Initially, he gives the poodle a treat for approaching the ball, then only for placing its front paws on the ball, and finally only for climbing on the ball.  The trainer is using the method of

Shaping is a(n) __________ procedure.

A Skinner box is a(n)

Voluntary behaviors that produce rewarding or punishing consequences are called

Paul and MIchael sell magazine subscriptions by telephone.  Paul is paid $1.00 for every five calls he makes, while Michael is paid $1,00 for every subscription he sells, regardless of the number of calls he makes.  Paul's telephoning is reinforced on a ____________ schedule, whereas Michael's is reinforced on a ____________ schedule.

Purchasing state lottery tickets is reinforced with monetary winnings on a __________ schedule.

A fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a(n)

Watching the night sky for shooting stars is likely to be reinforced on a ____________ schedule.

REvoking the driver's license of a reckless driver is intended to serve as a 

In explaining juvenile delinquency, B.F. Skinner would most likely have emphasized

B.F. Skinner believed that teaching machines could promote effective learning because they allow for both

Two years ago, the de Castellane Manufacturing Company included its employees in a profit-sharing plan in which workers receive semi-annual bonuses based on the company's profits.  Since this plan was initiated, worker productivity at de Castellane has nearly doubled.  This productivity increase is best explained in terms of 

Both classical and operant conditioning are forms of 

The study of respondent behavior is to _____________ as the study of operant behavior is to ___________.

A learned association between two stimuli is central to

The ability to learn by witnessing the behavior of others best illustrates

Jeremy wears his baseball cap backward because he noticed his older brother does so.  This illustrates the importance of 

According to the text, learning involves

Pets who learn that the sound of an electric can opener signals the arrival of their food illustrate

After one chimpanzee sees a second chimp open a box that contains a food reward, the first animal  opens a similar box with great speed.  This best illustrates

The first experimental studies of associative learning were conducted by

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning is called a(n)

Which of the following is an unconditioned response?

In Pavlov's experiments on the salivary conditioning of dogs, the US was

In Aldous Huyxley's Brave New World, infants develop a fear of books after books are repeadly presented with a loud noise.  In this fictional example, the loud noise is a(n)

A child's learned fear of the mere sight of a hypodermic needle is a(n)

A real estate agent showed Gavin several pictures of a lakeshore property while they were eating a delicious, mouth-watering meal.  Later, when Gavin was given a tour of the peoperty, he drooled with delight.  For Gavin, the lakeshore property was a 

In classical conditioning, the NS becomes a ______ after it reliably signals the impending occurrence of the ________.

Associating a conditioned stimulus with a new neutral stimulus can create a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus.  This best illustrates

Makayla developed an intense fear of flying five years ago when she was in a plane crash.  The fact that today she can again fly without distress indicates that her fear has undergone

The occurrence of spontaneous recovery suggests that during extinction

Monica's psychotherapist reminds her so much of her own father that she has many of the same mixed emotional reactions to him that she has to her own dad.  Her reactions to her therapist best illustrate the importance of 

Jacqueline is sexually aroused by the sight of her handsome husband but not by the sight of her equally handsome brother.  This best illustrates the value of