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WorksheetsPrinciples of Biomedical Science Unit 3 Review
Total questions: 53
Worksheet time: 2hrs 46mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
What is anemia?
a)
a pale yellow fluid portion of the whole blood that consists of water and its dissolved constituents including sugars, lipids, metabolic wast products, amino acids, hormones, and vitamins
b)
any of the hemoglobin-containing cells that carry oxygen to the tissue and are responsible for the red color of vertebrate blood
c)
a condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume
d)
the percent of the volume of whole blood that is composed or red blood cells as determined by separation of red blood cells from the plasma usually by centrifugation
2.
What is a hematocrit?
a)
A pale yellow fluid portion of the whole blood that consists of water and its dissolved constituents including sugars, lipids, metabolic wast products, amino acids, hormones, and vitamins
b)
Any of the hemoglobin-containing cells that carry oxygen to the tissue and are responsible for the red color of vertebrate blood
c)
A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume
d)
the percent of the volume of whole blood that is composed or red blood cells as determined by separation of red blood cells from the plasma usually by centrifugation
3.
What are leukocytes (white blood cells)?
a)
Any of the blood cells that are colorless, lack hemoglobin, contain a nucleus, and include the lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
b)
Individuals who are homozygous for the gene controlling hemoglobin S. The disease is characterized by the destruction of red blood cells and by episodic blocking of blood vessels by the adherence of sickle cells to the vascular endothelium
c)
A minute colorless anucleate disklike body of mammalian blood that assists in blood clotting by adhering to other platelets and to damaged epithelium.
4.
What are thrombocytes (platelets)?
a)
Any of the blood cells that are colorless, lack hemoglobin, contain a nucleus, and include the lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
b)
Individuals who are homozygous for the gene controlling hemoglobin S. The disease is characterized by the destruction of red blood cells and by episodic blocking of blood vessels by the adherence of sickle cells to the vascular endothelium
c)
A minute colorless anucleate disklike body of mammalian blood that assists in blood clotting by adhering to other platelets and to damaged epithelium.
5.
What is sickle cell disease?
a)
Any of the blood cells that are colorless, lack hemoglobin, contain a nucleus, and include the lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
b)
Individuals who are homozygous for the gene controlling hemoglobin S. The disease is characterized by the destruction of red blood cells and by episodic blocking of blood vessels by the adherence of sickle cells to the vascular endothelium
c)
A minute colorless anucleate disklike body of mammalian blood that assists in blood clotting by adhering to other platelets and to damaged epithelium.
6.
Which of the following is NOT an effect on health problems due to sickle cell disease?
a)
low oxygen levels
b)
depressing moods all the time
c)
increased acidity
d)
dehydration of the blood
7.
How is anemia diagnosed?
a)
A complete blood count (CBC) is taken to check the levels of your hemoglobin and hematocrit
b)
It is genetically inherited, so doctors just look at your family history
c)
They take an MRI and look for any signs of low red blood cells levels
8.
Which of these does NOT describe how sickle cell disease affects daily life?
a)
Having to stay indoors every day and never being able to go out into the sun
b)
Having to avoid extreme heat and cold
c)
Having sudden stroke symptoms
d)
Having a fever every now and then
9.
What is an amino acid?
a)
An organic monomer which serves as a building block of proteins
b)
A triplet of nucleotide bases in transfer RNA that identifies the amino acid carried and binds to a complementary codon in messenger RNA during protein synthesis at a ribosome
c)
A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code
10.
What is a codon?
a)
An organic monomer which serves as a building block of proteins
b)
A triplet of nucleotide bases in transfer RNA that identifies the amino acid carried and binds to a complementary codon in messenger RNA during protein synthesis at a ribosome
c)
A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code
11.
What is an anticodon?
a)
An organic monomer which serves as a building block of proteins
b)
A triplet of nucleotide bases in transfer RNA that identifies the amino acid carried and binds to a complementary codon in messenger RNA during protein synthesis at a ribosome
c)
A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code
12.
What does hydrophilic mean?
a)
Having an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water
b)
A type of RNA, synthesized from DNA and attached to ribosomes in the cytoplasm; it specifies the primary structure of a protein.
c)
Having an affinity for water
13.
What does hydrophobic mean?
a)
Having an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water
b)
A type of _______ synthesized from DNA and attached to ribosomes in the cytoplasm; it specifies the primary structure of a protein.
c)
Having an affinity for water
14.
What is Messenger RNA?
a)
Having an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water
b)
A type of _______ synthesized from DNA and attached to ribosomes in the cytoplasm; it specifies the primary structure of a protein.
c)
Having an affinity for water
15.
What is a mutation?
a)
A rare change in the DNA of a gene, ultimately creating genetic diversity
b)
The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
c)
a three dimensional polymer made of monomers of amino acids
16.
What is a protein?
a)
A rare change in the DNA of a gene, ultimately creating genetic diversity
b)
The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
c)
a three dimensional polymer made of monomers of amino acids
d)
the creation of a protein from a DNA template
17.
What is a nucleotide?
a)
A rare change in the DNA of a gene, ultimately creating genetic diversity
b)
The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
c)
a three dimensional polymer made of monomers of amino acids
d)
the creation of a protein from a DNA template
18.
What is protein synthesis?
a)
A rare change in the DNA of a gene, ultimately creating genetic diversity
b)
The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
c)
a three dimensional polymer made of monomers of amino acids
d)
the creation of a protein from a DNA template
19.
What is ribonucleic acid (RNA)?
a)
a type of _________ consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruses
b)
a cell organelle that functions as the site of a protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of ribosomal RNA and protein molecules and is formed by combining two subunits
c)
The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template
d)
An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA
20.
What is a ribosome?
a)
AN RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA
b)
a cell organelle that functions as the site of a protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of ribosomal RNA and protein molecules and is formed by combining two subunits
c)
The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template
d)
The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule; there is a change of language from nucleotides to amino acids
21.
What is transcription?
a)
a type of _________ consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruses
b)
a cell organelle that functions as the site of a protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of ribosomal RNA and protein molecules and is formed by combining two subunits
c)
The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template
d)
The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule; there is a change of language from nucleotides to amino acids
22.
What is transfer RNA (tRNA)?
a)
a type of _________ consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruses
b)
a cell organelle that functions as the site of a protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of ribosomal RNA and protein molecules and is formed by combining two subunits
c)
AN RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA
d)
The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule; there is a change of language from nucleotides to amino acids
23.
What is translation?
a)
a type of _________ consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruses
b)
The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template
c)
AN RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA
d)
The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule; there is a change of language from nucleotides to amino acids
24.
What is the DNA code?
a)
The genome of an organism inscribed in _______ or in some viruses RNA
b)
each gene tells the cell how to put together the building blocks for one specific protein
c)
c) once in the cytoplasm, the mana is snatched up by tiny ______ - assembling machines called ribosomes; each ribosome works its way along the mRNA, reading he code form 'start' to 'stop', selecting the correct amino acid building blocks to produce a _________
d)
A different amino acid can be in the amino acid sequence (shape of the _________), which changes the codons and anticodons, thus giving the sequence a mutation that affects _______.
25.
What is the connection between genes and proteins?
a)
The genome of an organism inscribed in _______ or in some viruses RNA
b)
each gene tells the cell how to put together the building blocks for one specific protein
c)
once in the cytoplasm, the mana is snatched up by tiny ______ - assembling machines called ribosomes; each ribosome works its way along the mRNA, reading he code form 'start' to 'stop', selecting the correct amino acid building blocks to produce a _________
d)
A different amino acid can be in the amino acid sequence (shape of the _________), which changes the codons and anticodons, thus giving the sequence a mutation that affects _______.
26.
How are proteins produced in a cell?
a)
The genome of an organism inscribed in _______ or in some viruses RNA
b)
each gene tells the cell how to put together the building blocks for one specific protein
c)
once in the cytoplasm, the mana is snatched up by tiny ______ - assembling machines called ribosomes; each ribosome works its way along the mRNA, reading he code form 'start' to 'stop', selecting the correct amino acid building blocks to produce a _________
d)
A different amino acid can be in the amino acid sequence (shape of the _________), which changes the codons and anticodons, thus giving the sequence a mutation that affects _______.
27.
How does the sequence of nucleotides in DNA determine the sequence of amino acids in a protein?
a)
In protein synthesis
b)
A rare change in the DNA of a gene, ultimately creating genetic diversity
c)
By its primary structure (sequence of amino acids)
28.
What is a mutation?
a)
In protein synthesis
b)
A rare change in the DNA of a gene, ultimately creating genetic diversity
c)
By its primary structure (sequence of amino acids)
29.
What determines the shape of a protein?
a)
In protein synthesis
b)
A rare change in the DNA of a gene, ultimately creating genetic diversity
c)
By its primary structure (sequence of amino acids)
30.
How does a change in the DNA code affect the shape of a protein?
a)
The genome of an organism inscribed in _______ or in some viruses RNA
b)
each gene tells the cell how to put together the building blocks for one specific protein
c)
once in the cytoplasm, the mana is snatched up by tiny ______ - assembling machines called ribosomes; each ribosome works its way along the mRNA, reading he code form 'start' to 'stop', selecting the correct amino acid building blocks to produce a _________
d)
A different amino acid can be in the amino acid sequence (shape of the _________), which changes the codons and anticodons, thus giving the sequence a mutation that affects _______.
31.
Can changing just one nucleotide in a gene change the shape of a protein?
a)
Yes - a change in one nucleotide in a gene CAN change the shape of a protein
b)
No - one change doesn't matter because the proteins are already built
32.
Is the shape of a protein affected by its surrounding environment?
a)
Yes - the environment and the properties of the amino acids can affect the shape of the protein
b)
No - the shape of a protein is already predetermined and cannot be changed once the DNA/RNA is constructed
33.
What is an allele?
a)
Any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a given locus.
b)
A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex, as opposed to a sex chromosome.
c)
Any of the usually linear bodies in the cell nucleus that contain the genetic material.
d)
A trait that is expressed in a person who has only one copy of the gene
34.
What is an autosome?
a)
Any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a given locus.
b)
A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex, as opposed to a sex chromosome.
c)
Any of the usually linear bodies in the cell nucleus that contain the genetic material.
d)
A trait that is expressed in a person who has only one copy of the gene associated with the trait
35.
What is a chromosome?
a)
Any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a given locus.
b)
A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex, as opposed to a sex chromosome.
c)
Any of the usually linear bodies in the cell nucleus that contain the genetic material.
d)
A trait that is expressed in a person who has only one copy of the gene
36.
What is a dominant trait?
a)
Any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a given locus.
b)
A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex, as opposed to a sex chromosome.
c)
A trait that is expressed in a person who has only one copy of the gene associated with the trait.
d)
A discrete unit of hereditary information.
37.
What is a gene?
a)
Any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a given locus.
b)
Any of the usually linear bodies in the cell nucleus that contain the genetic material.
c)
A trait that is expressed in a person who has only one copy of the gene
d)
A discrete unit of hereditary information.
38.
What is genetic material?
a)
Molecules responsible for heredity and variation of organisms
b)
All or part of the genetic constitution of an individual or group
c)
The transmission of traits from ancestor to descendant
d)
Chromosomes having the same or allelic genes with genetic loci usually arranged in the same order
39.
What is a genotype?
a)
Molecules responsible for heredity and variation of organisms
b)
All or part of the genetic constitution of an individual or group
c)
The transmission of traits from ancestor to descendant
d)
Chromosomes having the same or allelic genes with genetic loci usually arranged in the same order
40.
What is heredity?
a)
Molecules responsible for heredity and variation of organisms
b)
All or part of the genetic constitution of an individual or group
c)
The transmission of traits from ancestor to descendant
d)
Chromosomes having the same or allelic genes with genetic loci usually arranged in the same order
41.
What are homologous chromosomes?
a)
Molecules responsible for heredity and variation of organisms
b)
All or part of the genetic constitution of an individual or group
c)
The transmission of traits from ancestor to descendant
d)
Chromosomes having the same or allelic genes with genetic loci usually arranged in the same order
42.
What is a karyotype?
a)
A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape
b)
The cellular process that results in the number of chromosomes in gamete-producing cells being reduced to one half and that involves a reduction division in which one of each pair of homologous chromosomes passes to each daughter cell
c)
A process that takes place in the nucleus of a dividing cell, involves a series of steps, and results in the formation of two new nuclei each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus
d)
A simple graphical way of discovering all of the potential combinations of genotypes of an offspring, given the parents' genotypes
43.
What is meiosis?
a)
A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape
b)
The cellular process that results in the number of chromosomes in gamete-producing cells being reduced to one half and that involves a reduction division in which one of each pair of homologous chromosomes passes to each daughter cell
c)
A process that takes place in the nucleus of a dividing cell, involves a series of steps, and results in the formation of two new nuclei each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus
d)
A simple graphical way of discovering all of the potential combinations of genotypes of an offspring, given the parents' genotypes
44.
What is mitosis?
a)
A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape
b)
The cellular process that results in the number of chromosomes in gamete-producing cells being reduced to one half and that involves a reduction division in which one of each pair of homologous chromosomes passes to each daughter cell
c)
A process that takes place in the nucleus of a dividing cell, involves a series of steps, and results in the formation of two new nuclei each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus
d)
A simple graphical way of discovering all of the potential combinations of genotypes of an offspring, given the parents' genotypes
45.
What is a pedigree?
a)
A diagram of a family tree showing the occurrence of heritable characteristics in parents and offspring over multiple generations
b)
The observable properties of an organism that are produced by the interaction of the genotype and the environment
c)
A condition that appears only in individuals who have received two copies of a mutant gene, one copy from each parent
d)
One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual
46.
What is a phenotype?
a)
A diagram of a family tree showing the occurrence of heritable characteristics in parents and offspring over multiple generations
b)
The observable properties of an organism that are produced by the interaction of the genotype and the environment
c)
A condition that appears only in individuals who have received two copies of a mutant gene, one copy from each parent
d)
One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual
47.
What is a recessive trait?
a)
A diagram of a family tree showing the occurrence of heritable characteristics in parents and offspring over multiple generations
b)
The observable properties of an organism that are produced by the interaction of the genotype and the environment
c)
A condition that appears only in individuals who have received two copies of a mutant gene, one copy from each parent
d)
One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual
48.
What is a sex chromosome?
a)
A diagram of a family tree showing the occurrence of heritable characteristics in parents and offspring over multiple generations
b)
The observable properties of an organism that are produced by the interaction of the genotype and the environment
c)
A condition that appears only in individuals who have received two copies of a mutant gene, one copy from each parent
d)
One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the gender of an individual
49.
What is a punnett square?
a)
A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape
b)
The cellular process that results in the number of chromosomes in gamete-producing cells being reduced to one half and that involves a reduction division in which one of each pair of homologous chromosomes passes to each daughter cell
c)
A process that takes place in the nucleus of a dividing cell, involves a series of steps, and results in the formation of two new nuclei each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus
d)
A simple graphical way of discovering all of the potential combinations of genotypes of an offspring, given the parents' genotypes
50.
How is DNA passed to new cells during cell division?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Translation
c)
Meiosis
d)
Binary Fission
51.
Which answer BEST shows how pedigrees are used to track disease?
a)
They can't - diseases are hidden to the rest of the world and it is unknown how they are caused
b)
Pedigrees always show the family, but they are not always accurate with the diseases acquired
c)
The pedigree shows the diseases and gives the family an idea of the chances of getting a disease
d)
They show family history of diseases
52.
Why does sickle cell disease run in families, yet is not present in every generation?
a)
It is a dominant trait, so it doesn't have to show in every generation
b)
It is an incomplete dominant trait, so it doesn't have to show in every generation
c)
It is a co-dominant trait, so it doesn't have to show in every generation
d)
It is a recessive trait, so it doesn't have to show in every generation
53.
How can doctors and genetic counselors calculate the probability of a child inheriting a disease?
a)
They use a punnett square square
b)
They use special gene-reading computers
c)
They take an educated guess based off of karyotypes
d)
Both the orange and the red answers
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