Respiratory disorder usually caused by a sensitivity to an allergen such as dust, pollen, an animal, medications of a food. Stress, overexertion, and infection can also cause an asthma attack, during which bronchospasms narrow the openings of the bronchioles. s/s include wheezing, dyspnea (difficulty breathing), anti-inflammatory meds, epinephrine, and oxygen therapy.

Inflammation of the bronchi caused by infection; s/s productive cough, dyspnea, rales (bubbly or noisy breath sounds, chest pains, and fever; tx includes antibiotics, expectorants, rest, and increased fluids

Which of the following treatments would be used to dilate the bronchi?

Type of bronchitis that results from frequent attacks of acute bronchitis and long-term exposure to pollutants or smoking; characterized by chronic inflammation, damaged cilia, and enlarged mucous glands; s/s include excessive mucus resulting in productive cough, wheezing dyspnea, chest pain and prolonged respiration.

Term used to describe any chronic lung disease that results in obstruction of the airways. Disorders such as chronic asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and tuberculosis are causes.

Non-infectious chronic respiratory condition that occurs when the walls of the alveoli deteriorate and lose their elasticity. CO2 remains trapped and there is poor gas exchange. Common causes include heavy smoking and prolonged exposure to pollutants. s/s dyspnea, feeling of suffocation, pain, barrel chest, cyanosis, rapid respirations accompanied by prolonged expirations, and eventual respiratory failure and death.

A nosebleed; occurs when capillaries in the nose become congested and bleed

Highly contagious viral infection of the upper respiratory system; has sudden onset and s/s that include chills, fever, a cough, sore throat, runny nose, muscle pain, and fatigue. Tx includes bed rest, fluids, analgesics (for pain), and antipyretics (for fever).

Inflammation of the larynx and vocal cords; s/s include hoarseness or loss of voice, sore throat, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing); tx includes rest, limited voice use, fluids, and meds if infection is present.

Leading cause of cancer death in both men and women caused by carcinogens in tobacco or, either through smoking or second-hand smoke

Inflammation of the pleura or membranes of the lungs; occurs usually in conjunction with pneumonia or other lung infections. S/S include sharp, stabbing pain while breathing, crepitation (grating sounds in lungs), dyspnea, and fever. Tx includes rest, pain meds, anti-inflammatory meds, thoracentesis (removal of fluid through a needle).

Inflammation of the lung or infection of the lungs characterized by exudate (buildup of fluid) in the alveoli. Can be caused by virus, bacteria, protozoa, or chemicals. S/S include chills, fever, chest pain, productive cough, dyspnea, and fatigue. Tx includes bed rest, oxygen therapy, fluids, antibiotics, and pain meds.

Inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane, resulting in a runny nose, watery eyes, sneezing, soreness, and congestion.

Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the sinus. s/s include headache or pressure, dizziness, thick nasal discharge, congestion, and loss of voice resonance. Tx includes analgesics (for pain), antibiotics (if indicated), decongestants, and moist inhalations.

Condition in which an individual stops breathing while asleep, causing measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels.

Infectious lung disease caused by bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sometimes creates a tubercle that may remain dormant and can become active later if resistance is lowered. S/S of active TB are fatigue, fever, night sweats, weight loss, hemoptysis (coughing up blood), and chest pain. Tx includes antibiotics for one or more years to destroy bacteria, good nutrition, and rest.

Highly contagious infection characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the upper respiratory tract. s/s include fever, runny nose, watery eyes, congestion, sore throat, and hacking cough. Tx includes analgesics (for pain), antipyretics (for fever), increased fluid intake, rest, and antihistamines (to relieve congestion).

Lipid substance that helps prevent the alveoli from collapsing.

fast breathing > 25/minute

difficult or labored respirations followed by periods of apnea

slow breathing <10/minute

dyspnea (difficulty breathing) unless in a straight upright position