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WorksheetsAP Bio Evolution
Total questions: 60
Worksheet time: 49mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Which of the following is a true statement about natural selection?
a)
it is goal directed
b)
individuals evolve
c)
variation exists in a population
d)
acquired characteristics
2.
The condition in which there are barriers to successful interbreeding between individuals of different species in the same community is referred to as
a)
sexual dependency
b)
reproductive isolation
c)
geographic isolation
d)
adaptive radiation
3.
The wing of a bat and a humans' arm have different functions and appear very different. Yet, the underlying anatomy is basically the same. therefore, these structures are examples of
a)
geographic isolation
b)
analogous structures
c)
homology
d)
reproductive isolation
4.
The population of peppered moths in England changed from white to black in 50 years
a)
stabilizing selection
b)
sexual selection
c)
directional selection
d)
disruptive selection
5.
In a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of a particular recessive allele a is .4. What is the percentage of the population heterozygous for this allele?
a)
4 percent
b)
16 percent
c)
32 percent
d)
48 percent
6.
The differences in sparrow songs among sympatric species of sparrows are examples of
a)
geographic isolation
b)
convergent evolution
c)
behavioral isolation
d)
mechanical isolation
7.
Two allopatric species of sparrows have very similar niches when compared to two sympatric species of sparrows. What would be a good explanation for this?
a)
The allopatric species have no competition with one another so therefore can occupy similar niches
b)
The sympatric species are usually mechanically isolated from one another
c)
The sympatric species diverged from a common ancestor
d)
The allopatric species are behaviorally isolated from one another
8.
Darwin's finches are an example of
a)
adaptive radiation
b)
divergent evolution
c)
founder effect
d)
convergent evolution
9.
The establishment of a genetically unique population through genetic drift
a)
adaptive radiation
b)
divergent evolution
c)
founder effect
d)
convergent evolution
10.
The Tasmanian devil is a marsupial that resembles the North America wolf, which is a placental mammal.
a)
adaptive radiation
b)
divergent evolution
c)
founder effect
d)
convergent evolution
11.
which of the following is NOT a requirement for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
a)
small population
b)
no gene flow
c)
no mutations
d)
no selection
12.
which of the following is not involved in natural selection?
a)
competition for resources
b)
differences in reproductive success
c)
inheritable variation in populations
d)
breeder selects traits
13.
a bird that can easily outcompete other birds for food and that can produce many eggs has a high
a)
sexuality
b)
mutation rate
c)
fitness
d)
adaptability
14.
What is suggested by the similarity of early embryos of different species of vertebrates?
a)
no evolutionary relationships between the groups
b)
recent common ancestry
c)
similar environments in the past
d)
evolution from a distant common ancestor
15.
If an organism has a vestigial structure, that structure likely once had a function in a(n)
a)
close relative
b)
early ancestor
c)
unrelated organism
d)
embryological stage
16.
Mutations are important because they bring about
a)
death of the organism in which they develop
b)
genetic variation needed for a population to evolve
c)
benefits for the individual, not for the population
d)
Hardey-Weinberg equilibrium within a population
17.
Which of the following statements is correct based on the information shown in this cladogram?
a)
the turtle and the frog are more similar to each other than the turtle and the bass
b)
frogs have existed for a longer time that bass
c)
the frog is more closely related to the bass than to the leopard
d)
the bass is exinct
18.
Which of the following evolutionary forces can introduce new genetic variation into a population?
a)
natural selection and non-random mating
b)
natural selection and genetic drift
c)
mutation and genetic drift
d)
mutation and gene flow
19.
A mutation occurs in a particular animal and quickly begins to increase in frequency throughout the population. Which of the following are you most likely to conclude?
a)
The mutation makes the animal grow larger
b)
The mutation does not confer any benefit or harm to the animal
c)
The mutation makes the animal more susceptible to predators
d)
The mutation increase the probability that the animal will reproduce.
20.
Which of the following is an example of gene flow?
a)
A subordinate wolf successfully challenges the alpha male and mates with pack females
b)
A deer picks up spores from a plant as it grazes and deposits them next to that plant.
c)
A young stallion is driven out of its herd by the alpha stallion and begins its own herd in another location
d)
All of these answers
21.
All of the following should be used to construct evolutionary trees EXCEPT
a)
DNA sequencing comparison
b)
morphological similarities and differences
c)
physical relationsips
d)
fossil records
22.
Which of the following types of reproductive barriers separate a pair of species that could interbreed except that one mates at dusk and the other at dawn?
a)
behavioral isolation
b)
mechanical isolation
c)
habitat isolation
d)
temporal isolation
23.
A migratory bird unknowingly accumulates a few seeds of the hwagha plant in her feathers and drops them in an area where those plants did not live before. This is an example of
a)
Founder Effect
b)
Predation
c)
Bottleneck Effect
d)
Migration
24.
What explains the inclusion of rabbits?
a)
they are an outgroup
b)
they are the most recent ancestor of primates
c)
they have a short generation time and are easy to study
d)
they possess shared derived characteristics of the included species
25.
A common ancestor for both C and E could be at position __.
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
26.
In the early 2000s, White Nose fungus caused a mass die-off of native American bat species. Those bats that survived will continue the population with their own allele frequencies. What type of genetic drift is this?
a)
Founder Effect
b)
Bottlenose Effect
c)
Bottleneck Effect
d)
Migration Effect
27.
Which statement correctly explains how resistance to penicillin appeared after a few years of its widespread use to fight bacterial infection?
a)
in order to survive exposure to penicillin, bacteria developed a resistance to the drug
b)
a few bacteria became resistant to penicillin, and through sexual reproduction , most bacteria acquired the resistance
c)
penicillin never really successfully wiped out populations of bacteria, scientist did not use proper controls in their studies
d)
some bacteria were resistant to penicillin and their population spread rapidly, without competition from bacteria that were killed by penicillin
28.
Animals are able to pick and choose their adaptations.
a)
True
b)
False
29.
The Hardy-Weinberg Model is?
a)
Available at local hobby stores and retailers throughout the Greater Cleveland area.
b)
A mathematical tool that biologists can use to predict allele frequencies and determine whether or not evolution is occurring within a population.
c)
Always occurring within populations of organisms in nature.
d)
Only useful in the lab and cannot be practically applied to real-world populations of organisms.
30.
Animals are born with their adaptations due to genes.
a)
True
b)
False
31.
What does the term variation mean?
a)
The same traits in a population.
b)
The different ways that traits are expressed in a population.
c)
The same ways traits are expressed in a population.
d)
The place where an animal lives.
32.
When scientists compare animals currently living on different continents, they often find those with similar characteristics, who are not actually close relatives, living in similar environmental conditions even though they are geographically very distant. One example is the Anteater/Armadillos of the Americas and the Pangolin of Africa. What can we deduce from this evidence?
a)
Living things can adapt similarly to similar environments over time.
b)
Living things do not change over time
c)
They must all have the same recent common ancestor
d)
I don’t know
33.
Genetic variation can arise from a random change in the DNA of a gene. The change is called a(n)
a)
mutation
b)
gene flow
c)
gene pool
d)
allele
34.
A population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The gene of interest has two alleles, with 16% of the population portraying the recessive phenotype. Which percentage of the population is heterozygous?
a)
48%
b)
36%
c)
16%
d)
24%
35.
In the Hardy-Weinberg theorem, p refers to what?
a)
The frequency of the dominant allele.
b)
The frequency of the homozygous genotype.
c)
The frequency of the recessive allele.
d)
The frequency of the homozygous dominant.
36.
What is the best explanation for a population being described as an evolutionary unit?
a)
Population can evolve, not individuals
b)
Natural selection only involves individuals, not populations
c)
Genetic changes only occur in populations
d)
A population's gene pool remains the same throughout time
37.
Gene flow occurs...
a)
...when natural forces act on existing variation
b)
...when two populations mix, but do not mate
c)
...when new individuals are added to a population
d)
...when a population is split
38.
Populations do not necessarily consist of the individuals best adapted to survive and reproduce. Theoretically, the most fit individuals in a population will survive longest and reproduce the most, however chance plays a role in who survives, Reproduces, and whose offsprings survive to reproduce as well. In a population, where the allele frequency shifts by random chance, the mechanism of evolution at work is___.
a)
Natural selection
b)
Genetic drift
c)
Migration
d)
Mutation
39.
Which of the following is not true of genetic drift?
a)
It results from the random transmission of alleles from parents to offspring in a population
b)
It can lead to alleles being fixed in a population
c)
It can increase the genetic diversity of a population
d)
It can lead to loss of alleles in a population
40.
The bottleneck effect occurs when a population size is reduced for at least one generation. Undergoing a bottleneck can greatly reduce the genetic variation a population, leaving it susceptible to extinction if it is unable to adapt to climatic changes, or changes in resource or availability. Small populations are especially at risk when a bottleneck occurs, caused by the greater effect ____ can have on small populations.
a)
Migration
b)
Natural selection
c)
Genetic drift
d)
Mutation
41.
An ecologist observes a population of snakes on an island for a month every year. After the eleventh month, he sees the snake population has been decimated, and decides to wait for the snakes to repopulate before coming back for further observation. When he returns five years later, he finds a very homogenous-looking population of snakes. What is the name of the effect he observed?
a)
Genetic Drift
b)
Founder Effect
c)
Disaster effect
d)
Bottleneck effect
42.
Imagine that a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. A certain gene presents as two different alleles, and 49% of the population homozygous dominant. What percentage of the population is homozygous recessive?
a)
This is a grid-in Question,
b)
Answer will appear on the next slide
c)
Choose this one
43.
Why do frogs and other organism reproduce so many eggs or offspring?
a)
so that their babies can have friends to play with
b)
the more offspring the more likely the offspring will survive
c)
the more offspring the less likely offspring will survive
d)
the more offspring the less competition
44.
All mutations and adaptations usually lead to what process?
a)
selective breeding
b)
behavioral
c)
natural selection
d)
genetic engineering
45.
What word describes a trait that helps an organism survive in its environment?
a)
natural selection
b)
mutation
c)
camouflage
d)
adaptation
46.
Almost all adaptations started off as?
a)
selective breeding
b)
physiological
c)
structural
d)
mutation
47.
Which statement represents the best explanation for the observation that the nuclear DNA of wolves and domestic dogs has a very high degree of sequence homology?
Dogs and wolves...
Dogs and wolves...
a)
have very similar morphologies.
b)
belong to the same order.
c)
are both members of the order Carnivora.
d)
share a very recent common ancestor.
48.
Which organisms are most likely to survive?
a)
the best adapted
b)
the fastest
c)
the strongest
d)
the most domesticated (tamed)
49.
Which of the following means "genetic change over time"
a)
natural selection
b)
speciation
c)
evolution
d)
fitness
50.
Do organisms "decide" to evolve and change?
a)
Yes, they know they need to change to survive
b)
No, they change because of natural selection
51.
The differences among a species, like different bird beaks, are called
a)
genes.
b)
variations.
c)
traits.
d)
theories.
52.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
a)
Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
b)
Because they come from dominant alleles.
c)
Because they come from recessive alleles.
d)
Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
53.
Dog breeders maintain the purity of breeds by keeping dogs of different breeds apart when they are fertile. This kind of isolation is most similar to which of the following reproductive isolating mechanisms?
a)
temporal isolation
b)
behavioral isolation
c)
habitat isolation
d)
gametic isolation
54.
Genetic variation ____.
a)
is created by the direct action of natural selection
b)
arises in response to changes in the environment
c)
must be present in a population before natural selection can act upon the population
d)
tends to be reduced by when diploid organisms produce gametes
55.
Which of the following is a fitness trade-off (compromise)?
a)
In some hornbill species, the male helps seal the female in a tree with her nest until the young are ready to fledge.
b)
Hummingbirds are the best pollinators of certain flowers, but bees are the best pollinators for orchids.
c)
The strong, thick beak of a woodpecker helps it find insects in trees.
d)
Turtle shells provide protection but are heavy and burdensome when moving.
56.
During a study session about evolution, one of your fellow students remarks, "The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; its offspring inherited longer necks as a result." Which statement is most likely to be helpful in correcting this student's misconception?
a)
Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes.
b)
Spontaneous mutations can result in the appearance of new traits.
c)
Only favorable adaptations have survival value.
d)
Disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual disappearance.
57.
Starting from the wild mustard Brassica oleracea, breeders have created the strains known as Brussels sprouts, broccoli, kale, and cabbage. Therefore, which of the following statements is correct?
a)
In this wild mustard, there is enough heritable variation to permit these different varieties.
b)
Heritable variation is low in wild mustard—otherwise this wild strain would have different characteristics.
c)
Natural selection is rare in wild populations of wild mustard.
d)
In wild mustard, most of the variation is due to differences in soil or other aspects of the environment.
58.
Which of these conditions are always true of populations evolving due to natural selection?
Condition 1: The population must vary in traits that are heritable.
Condition 2: Some heritable traits must increase reproductive success.
Condition 3: Individuals pass on most traits that they acquire during their lifetime.
Condition 1: The population must vary in traits that are heritable.
Condition 2: Some heritable traits must increase reproductive success.
Condition 3: Individuals pass on most traits that they acquire during their lifetime.
a)
Condition 1 only
b)
Condition 2 only
c)
Conditions 1 and 2
d)
Conditions 2 and 3
59.
A farmer uses triazine herbicide to control pigweed in his field. For the first few years, the triazine works well and almost all the pigweed dies; but after several years, the farmer sees more and more pigweed. Which of these explanations best explains what happened?
a)
The herbicide company lost its triazine formula and started selling poor-quality triazine.
b)
Natural selection caused the pigweed to mutate, creating a new triazine-resistant species.
c)
Triazine-resistant pigweed has less-efficient photosynthesis metabolism.
d)
Triazine-resistant weeds were more likely to survive and reproduce.
60.
Why would a population with a large amount of genetic variation be more likely to survive a severe climate change in its environment?
a)
Individuals will only create offspring well-suited to the climate change
b)
The individuals would produce more offspring
c)
Individuals better suited to the new climate will help less-suited individuals survive
d)
Some individuals will posses traits better suited to the new climate and be more likely to pass them on
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