WorksheetsCLEP Psychology Review
Total questions: 90
Worksheet time: 45mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
1. "The focus of psychological science is the attempt to relate overt responses to observable environmental stimuli." This statement is most closely associated with which of the following approaches?
a)
A) Cognitive
b)
B) Behavioral
c)
C) Biological
d)
D) Humanistic
2.
2. Which of the following types of research design is most appropriate for establishing a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables?
a)
A) Correlational
b)
B) Naturalistic observation
c)
C) Participant observation
d)
D) Experimental
3.
3. The science of psychology is typically dated from the establishment of the late-nineteenth century Leipzig laboratory of
a)
A) Hermann Ebbinghaus
b)
B) Hermann von Helmholtz
c)
C) William James
d)
D) Wilhelm Wundt
4.
4. The requirement that prospective participants know the general nature of a study so that they can decide whether to participate is the major part of
a)
A) reciprocal determinism
b)
B) confidentiality
c)
C) informed consent
d)
D) duty to inform
5.
5. The statement "Response latency is the number of seconds that elapses between the stimulus and the response" is an example of
a)
A) introspection
b)
B) a description of aninteraction
c)
C) a deduction
d)
D) an operational definition
6.
6. The release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft is caused by which of the following?
a)
A) An extended refractoryperiod
b)
B) An action potential
c)
C) Reuptake of theneurotransmitte
d)
rD) Binding of theneurotransmitter to a post-synaptic cell membrane
7.
7. A neuron is said to be polarized when
a)
A) it is in the refractory period
b)
B) it is in a resting state
c)
C) it is about to undergo anaction potential
d)
D) the synaptic terminalsrelease chemicals into thesynaptic cleft
8.
8. Down syndrome is caused by
a)
A) an extra chromosome
b)
B) an imbalance ofneurotransmitters
c)
C) a tumor in the parietal lobe
d)
D) a nutritional deficiency
9.
9. How many pairs of chromosomes are contained in most human cells?
a)
A) 7
b)
B) 10
c)
C) 16
d)
D) 23
10.
10. Damage to an individual's parietal lobes is most likely to result in
a)
A) a heightened sense of smell
b)
B) reduced sensitivity to touch
c)
C) decreased reaction time
d)
D) a loss in the ability tounderstand spoken language
11.
11. In adults, total sensory deprivation for long periods of time produces
a)
A) a feeling of well-beingsimilar to that achievedthrough medication
b)
B) no change in emotions or cognition, provided the participant was mentally stable before the deprivation
c)
C) increased efficiency in thesense of sight, hearing, andtouch
d)
E) hallucinations and impaired efficiency in all areas of intellectual functioning
12.
12. According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming, dreams serve which of the following purposes?
a)
A) To protect the ego from theunconscious struggles of themind
b)
B) To make sense of randomneural activity
c)
C) To provide unfilteredproblem solving of encountersthat occurred while awake
d)
D) To provide a widow into theunconscious, revealing truewishes and desires
13.
13. The opponent-process theory in vision best explains which of the following?
a)
A) Size constancy
b)
B) Color afterimages
c)
C) Superior visual acuity in thefovea
d)
D) Depth perception usingmonocular cues
14.
14. The receptors for hearing are the
a)
A) ossicles in the middle ear
b)
B) otoliths in the semicircularcanal
c)
C) hair cells on the basilarmembrane
d)
D) specialized cells on thetympanic membrane
15.
15. The picture above of a road receding in the distance represents the depth perception cue known as
a)
A) accommodation
b)
B) retinal disparity
c)
C) texture gradient
d)
E) linear perspective
16.
16. Brain waves during REM sleep generally appear as
a)
A) alternating high- and low-amplitude waves
b)
B) rapid low-amplitude waves
c)
C) irregular medium-amplitudewaves
d)
D) slow low-amplitude waves
17.
17. Which of the following is a type of sleep pattern that becomes less prevalent as one moves from infancy to adulthood?
a)
A) Alpha
b)
B) Beta
c)
C) Gamma
d)
E) REM
18.
18. According to current psychological research, hypnosis is most useful for which of the following purposes?
a)
A) Pain control
b)
B) Age regression
c)
C) Treatment of psychoticbehavior
d)
D) Treatment of a memorydisorder
19.
19. Checking the coin return every time one passes a vending machine is a type of behavior probably being maintained by which of the following schedules of reinforcement?
a)
A) Fixed interval only
b)
B) Fixed ratio only
c)
C) Variable ratio only
d)
D) Variable interval and fixedratio
20.
20. Making the amount of time a child can spend playing video games contingent on the amount of time the child spends practicing the piano is an illustration of
a)
A) frequency theory
b)
B) the law of association
c)
C) aversive conditioning
d)
E) operant conditioning
21.
21. Which of the following strategies undermines the effectiveness of punishment?
a)
A) Delaying punishment
b)
B) Using punishment justsevere enough to be effective
c)
C) Making punishmentconsistent
d)
D) Explaining punishment
22.
22. A teacher tells a child to sit down in class. Over the course of several days, the child stands up more and more frequently, only to be told to sit down each time. It is most likely that the teacher's reprimands are serving as
a)
A) a punishment
b)
B) approval
c)
C) a reinforcer
d)
D) an aversive stimulus
23.
23. Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?
a)
A) Food
b)
B) Warmth
c)
C) Water
d)
D) Money
24.
24. Shortly after learning to associate the word "dog" with certain four-legged furry animals, young children will frequently misidentify a cow or a horse as a dog. This phenomenon is best viewed as an example of
a)
A) differentiation
b)
B) negative transfer
c)
C) imprinting
d)
D) overextension
25.
25. If on the last day of psychology class a student is asked to remember what was done in class each day during the term, she will likely be able to remember best the activities of the first and last class meetings. This situation is an example of:
a)
A) retroactive interference
b)
B) positive transfer
c)
C) the serial position effect
d)
D) proactice interference
26.
26. Proactive interference describes a process by which
a)
A) people remember digits better than words
b)
B) people remember images better than words
c)
C) people rememberelements in pairs
d)
D) prior learning interfereswith subsequent
27.
27. Research has shown that students generally perform better if tested in the same room where they originally learned the material. This shows the importance of which of the following in memory?
a)
A) Insight
b)
B) Prepardness
c)
C) Context
d)
D) Invarience
28.
28. Which of the following is true of recall performance on a typical forgetting curve?
a)
A) It decreases rapidly atfirst, and then it levels off.
b)
B) It decreases slowly atfirst, and then it drops offquite sharply
c)
C) It decreases at a steadyrate until it reaches a near-zero level.
d)
D) It remains steady for about the first week, and then it begins a gradual decline
29.
29. According to information processing theory, information is progressively processed by
a)
A) long-term memory,short-term memory, andthen sensory memory
b)
B) sensory memory, short-term memory, and thenlong-term memory
c)
C) sensory memory, semantic memory, and then long-term memory
d)
D) short-term memory, semantic memory, and then long-term memory
30.
30. In problem solving, which of the following approaches almost always guarantees a correct solution?
a)
A) Insight
b)
B) Heuristic
c)
C) Algorithm
d)
E) Convergent thinking
31.
31. One theory of the effects of arousal holds that efficiency of behavior can be described as an inverted U-shaped function of increasing arousal. Which of the following accurately describes the relationship?
a)
A) Greater arousal leads tobetter performance.
b)
B) Greater arousal leads topoorer performance.
c)
C) Low and high levels ofarousal lead to poorestperformance
d)
D) Overarousal leads toperformance efficiency.
32.
32. Which of the following illustrates drive reduction?
a)
A) A person wins fivedollars in the lottery.
b)
B) A dog burned by a hotstove avoids the stovethereafter.
c)
C) A child who likes musicturns up the volume of theradio
d)
E) A woman who is coldputs on a warm coat.
33.
33. Which of the following presents a pair of needs from Abraham Maslow's hierarchial need structure, in order from lower to higher need?
a)
A) Belongingness, safety
b)
B) Self-actualization,physiological needs
c)
C) Physiological needs,safety
d)
D) Esteem, belongingness
34.
34. Which of the following drugs is most likely to cause hyperalterness, agitation, and general euphoria?
a)
A) A barbiturate
b)
B) A stimulant
c)
C) A hallucinogen
d)
D) An antidepressant
35.
35. In which of the following areas does research show most clearly that girls develop earlier than boys?
a)
A) Independence fromparents
b)
B) Athletic competence
c)
C) Intellectual achievement
d)
D) Adolescent physicalgrowth spurt
36.
36. Developmental psychologists are most likely to prefer longitudinal research designs to cross-sectional research designs because longitudinal designs
a)
A) usually yield resultsmuch more quickly
b)
B) offer the advantage ofbetween-subjectscomparison
c)
C) are much less likely to be influenced by cultural changes that occur over time
d)
D) utilize the participants astheir own experimentalcontrols
37.
37. A young child breaks her cookie into a number of pieces and asserts that "now there is more to eat." In Jean Piaget's analysis, the child's behavior is evidence of
a)
A) formal operations
b)
B) concrete operations
c)
C) conservation
d)
D) preoperational thought
38.
38. A school psychologist informs a ninth-grade teacher that Jimmy identifies with his twelfth-grade brother. What the psychologist means is that Jimmy tends to
a)
A) feel inferior to his brother
b)
B) envy and be jealous ofhis brother
c)
C) influence the way hisbrother views the world
d)
E) accept his brother'svalues and to imitate hisbehavior
39.
39. According to Elisabeth Kubler-Ross's original theory, what is the correct order of the stages for confronting impeding death?
a)
A) Anger, denial,bargaining, depression,acceptance
b)
B) Bargaining, anger,depression, denial,acceptance
c)
C) Denial, anger, bargaining depression, acceptance
d)
D) Depression, anger, denial, bargaining, acceptance
40.
40. When preschool children see the world only from their point of view, they are displaying
a)
A) accomodation
b)
B) assimilation
c)
C) egocentric thinking
d)
D) deductive reasoning
41.
41. When insulted by a friend, Sally's first impulse was to strike him. Instead, she yelled loudly and kicked the door several times. This means of reducing aggressive impulses exemplifies which of the following?
a)
A) Repression
b)
B) Fixation
c)
C) Displacement
d)
D) Conservation
42.
42. If the null hypothesis is rejected, a researcher can conclude that the
a)
A) treatment effect wassignificant
b)
B) theory must be modified, a new hypothesis formed, and the experimental procedure revised
c)
C) theory does not need modification, but the hypothesis and the experimental procedure needs revision
d)
D) theory and hypothesis do not need modification, but the experimental procedure needs revision
43.
43. Erik Erikson's and Sigmund Freud's theories of personality development are most similar in that both
a)
A) emphasize the libido
b)
B) focus on adultdevelopment
c)
C) discount the importanceof culture
d)
D) are based on stages
44.
44. The use of projective tests is associated with which of the following psychological approaches?
a)
A) Behaviorism
b)
B) Psychoanalysis
c)
C) Cognitive behaviorism
d)
D) Humanism
45.
45. Lawrence is pessimistic and moody. In terms of Hans Eysenck's personality dimensions, Lawrence is classified as
a)
A) independent-dependent
b)
B) stable-extraverted
c)
C) internal-external
d)
D) unstable-introverted
46.
46. The key distinction between a personality trait and an attitude is
a)
A) centrality
b)
B) salience
c)
C) durability
d)
D) direction
47.
47. A diagnosis of schizophrenia typically includes which of the following symptoms?
a)
A) Delusions
b)
B) Panic attacks
c)
C) Hypochondriasis
d)
D) Multiple personalitities
48.
48. The term "etiology" refers to the study of which of the following aspects of an illness?
a)
A) Origins and causes
b)
B) Characteristic symptoms
c)
C) Expected outcomefollowing treatement
d)
D) Frequency of occurance
49.
49. An obsession is defined as
a)
A) a senseless ritual
b)
B) a hallucination
c)
C) a delusion
d)
D) an unwanted thought
50.
50. A somatization disorder is characterized chiefly by
a)
A) changes in mood
b)
B) panic attacks
c)
C) agoraphobia
d)
E) physical complaints
51.
51. Personality disorders are characterized by which of the following?
a)
A) a fear of public places,frequently accompanied bypanic attacks
b)
B) Problematic social relationships and inflexible and maladaptive responses to stress
c)
B) Problematic social relationships and inflexible and maladaptive responses to stress
d)
D) A deficiency ofacetylcholine in the brain
52.
52. Research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy has indicated that
a)
A) certain therapeutic methods have been shown to be especially effective for particular psychological disorders
b)
B) nondirective techniquesare generally superior todirective ones
c)
C) the effectiveness of a method depends on the length of time a therapist was trained in the method
d)
D) psychoanalysis is the most effective technique for eliminating behavior disorders
53.
53. Which of the following kinds of therapy attempts to correct irrational beliefs that lead to psychological distress?
a)
A) Behavioral
b)
B) Cognitive
c)
C) Existential
d)
D) Gestalt
54.
54. An individual undergoing psychotherapy shoes improvement due only to that person's belief in the therapy and not because of the therapy itself. This result illustrates
a)
A) a transference effect
b)
B) a placebo effect
c)
C) the misinformation effect
d)
D) a positive correlation
55.
55. Which of the following can be a significant side effect of electroconvulsive therapy?
a)
A) Aphasia
b)
B) Sustained convulsions
c)
C) Muscle tremors
d)
E) Temporary loss ofmemory
56.
56. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are used primarily in the treatment of which of the following?
a)
A) Anticsocial personalitydisorder
b)
B) Schizophrenia
c)
C) Depression
d)
D) Mania
57.
57. Similarity, proximity, and familiarity are important determinants of
a)
A) observational learning
b)
B) attraction
c)
C) sexual orientation
d)
D) aggression
58.
58. All of the following are true about altruism EXCEPT:
a)
A) It is more common insmall towns and rural areasthan in cities.
b)
B) It is more likely to beinherited than is aggressivebehavior.
c)
C) A person is more likely to perform an altruistic act when another person has modeled altruistic behavior.
d)
D) A person is more likely to perform an altruistic act when another person has pointed out the need.
59.
59. The bystander effect has been explained by which of the following?
a)
A) empathy
b)
B) diffusion of responsibility
c)
C) social facilitation
d)
D) reactive devaluation
60.
60. According to Robert Sternberg, love is composed of which of the following?
a)
A) maturity, romance, liking
b)
B) assimilation,accommodation, altruism
c)
C) intimacy, passion,commitment
d)
D) selflessness, agape,companionship
61.
61. Job satisfaction has an inverse relationship with
a)
A) productivity
b)
B) career interest
c)
C) turnover
d)
D) age
62.
62. An attribution that focuses on an individual's ability or personality characteristics is described as
a)
A) situational
b)
B) collectivist
c)
C) dispositional
d)
D) stereotypic
63.
63. Which of the following terms refers to the strategy of making a small request to gain listeners' compliance, then making a larger request?
a)
A) Door-in-the-face
b)
B) Foot-in-the-door
c)
C) Social facilitation
d)
D) Matching
64.
64. Which of the following is a true statement about the relationship between test validity and test reliability?
a)
A) A test can be reliablewithout being valid.
b)
B) A test that has highcontent validity will havehigh reliability
c)
C) A test that has lowcontent validity will havelow reliability.
d)
D) The higher the test's validity, the lower its reliability will be.
65.
65. Which of the following statistics indicates the distribution with the greatest variability?
a)
A) A variance of 30.6
b)
B) A standard deviation of11.2
c)
C) A range of 6
d)
D) A mean of 61.2
66.
66. Which of the following techniques is most useful for a researcher studying focal brain activity while a participant generates words?
a)
A) Computed tomography(CT)
b)
B) Positron-emissiontomography (PET)
c)
C) Magnetic resonanceimaging (MRI)
d)
D) Electroculography(EOG)
67.
67. The case study method of conducting research is justifiably criticized because
a)
D) Electroculography(EOG)
b)
B) the researcher cannotcollect detailedobservations
c)
C) the results are difficult to generalize to a larger population
d)
D) it does not allow for the generation of hypotheses that can be tested in future experiments
68.
68. A person who wants to see an object in low light conditions should focus the object on
a)
A) the fovea because thatis where the cones aremore densely packed
b)
B) the fovea because thatis where the rods are moredensely packed
c)
C) the periphery of the retina because that is where the cones are more densely packed
d)
D) the periphery of the retina because that is where the rods are more densely packed
69.
69. A man's life has been filled with misfortune and tragic experiences that were unexpected, unavoidable, and unpredictable. The is depressed and tells his therapist that he feels he cannot control the outcome of the events in his life. Which of the following best explains his depression?
a)
A) Learned helplessness
b)
B) Repression
c)
C) Operant conditioning
d)
D) Classical conditioning
70.
70. Which of the following is a measure of central tendency that can be easily distorted by unusually high or low scores?
a)
A) Mean
b)
B) Mode
c)
C) Median
d)
D) Range
71.
71. Stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus will result in which of the following behaviors in laboratory rats?
a)
A) An increase in sexualbehavior
b)
B) An increase in eatingbehavior
c)
C) An increase in visualprocessing speed
d)
D) A decrease in auditoryperception
72.
72. Stella, Chess, and Alexander Thomas have classified temperament into which of the following clusters?
a)
A) Sensorimotor,preoperational, concreteoperational
b)
B) Easy, difficult, slow towarm up
c)
C) Secure, insecure,resilitent
d)
C) Secure, insecure,resilitent
73.
73. Every day when Carlos leaves his apartment, he locks the door, walks to the corner, turns around, and returns to his apartment in order to check that the door is locked. He returns to check the door several times before finally crossing the street and going about his day. Carlos would most likely be diagnosed with which of the following conditions?
a)
A) Narcissistic personalitydisorder
b)
B) Panic disorder
c)
D) Bipolar disorder
d)
E) Obsessive-compulsivedisorder
74.
74. A treatment technique, often used to treat phobias, that builds upon the principles of classical conditioning is
a)
A) token economy
b)
B) rational-emotivebehavior therapy
c)
C) systematicdesensitization
d)
D) the placebo effect
75.
75. Temeka regularly sets goals, plans for attaining those goals, and monitors her progress. Her activities are most closely associated with
a)
A) high extrinsic motiviation
b)
B) high achievementmotivation
c)
C) high extraversion
d)
D) low extrinsic motivation
76.
76. While sitting home one night reading a book and relaxing, Kyle suddenly realized that his heart rate was increasing, he was breathing faster, and his palms were sweating. Based on this response, Kyle concluded that he was scared. This is an example of which of the following theories?
a)
A) James-Lange
b)
B) Cannon-Bird
c)
C) Shachter-Singer
d)
D) Information processing
77.
77. A participant learns a new behavior but does not demonstrate the behavior until a reward is offered for doing so. This is an example of which of the following types of learning?
a)
A) Chaining
b)
B) Latent
c)
C) Social
d)
D) Shaping
78.
78. With regard to understanding human behavior, the humanistic approaches emphasize
a)
A) unconscious forces
b)
B) free will
c)
C) determinism
d)
D) inborn traits
79.
79. When a nurse touches the cheek of an infant and the infant turns her head toward the touch and opens her mouth, the nurse has elicited the
a)
A) rooting reflex
b)
B) Babinski reflex
c)
C) withdrawal reflex
d)
D) sucking reflex
80.
80. In which of the following situations is a student using echoic memory?
a)
A) Remembering what heate for dinner last night
b)
B) Studying vocabularywords for his Spanishcourse
c)
C) Trying to replay the lastfew notes his piano teacherjust played
d)
D) Looking briefly at a picture his friend has taken of him
81.
81. Which of the following theories best supports the idea that people are genetically predisposed to live in groups because it contributes to the survival of the species?
a)
A) Arousal
b)
B) Evolutionary
c)
C) Incentive
d)
D) Set point
82.
82. Which of the following is a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks at inappropriate times?
a)
A) Sleep apnea
b)
B) REM rebound
c)
C) Narcolepsy
d)
D) Paradoxical sleep
83.
83. Albert Bandura conducted a study in which a child viewed an adults playing with toys, The adult stood up and kicked and yelled at an inflated doll. The child was then taken to another room containing toys. When left alone, the child lashed out at a similar doll in the room. The child's behavior toward the doll is most likely a result of
a)
A) observational learning
b)
B) operant conditioning
c)
C) classical conditioning
d)
D) authoritative parenting
84.
84. Lila thinks the new student in her study group is in a fraternity because, to her, he looks like other students who are in fraternities. Lila's decisions about the new students is most likely the result of
a)
A) anchoring and adjustingheuristics
b)
B) availability heuristic
c)
C) conjunction fallacy
d)
D) representativenessheuristic
85.
85. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the facial feedback hypothesis of emotion?
a)
A) Bill is a good card player who shows no emotion in his face that would reveal what he is thinking.
b)
B) Ellen says that hanging up the laundry on a clothesline makes her feel happy; she holds the clothespins in her teeth as she hangs each piece of clothing.
c)
C) Juanita fakes a smile to make her friends think she is happy.
d)
D) Paul has been blind from birth and has never seen emotional faces, but he has emotional facial expressions similar to those of a sighted person.
86.
86. Pedro just returned home from seeing a horror film at a movie theater. As he settles into bed, he hears a noise downstairs and perceives it to be an intruder. This interpretation of the sensory input is best explained by which of the following?
a)
A) Figure-ground discrimination
b)
B) Depth perception
c)
D) Bottom-up processing
d)
E) Top-down processing
87.
87. To help Lauren learn to play the violin, her string teachers first provides praise when Lauren plays the correct notes. Then the teacher only provides praise when Lauren plays the correct notes and the correct rhythm. Finally, the teacher only praises Lauren when she plays the correct notes, the correct rhythm, and the correct tempo. Which of the following techniques is Lauren's teacher using?
a)
A) Positive punishment
b)
B) Elaborative rehearsal
c)
D) Chunking
d)
E) Shaping
88.
88. Toddlers experience a growth spurt in vocabulary because of a process called
a)
A) babbling
b)
B) overregularization
c)
C) telegraphic speech
d)
D) fast mapping
89.
89. A psychologist using Carl Rogers' person-centered therapy strives to ensure that clients
a)
A) understand unconsciousinfluences affecting theirbehavior
b)
B) develop positive thought patterns
c)
C) develop and use effective behavioraltechniques
d)
D) receive unconditional positive regard
90.
90. Schizophrenia is similar to Parkinson's disease because both disorders
a)
A) are classified as psychotic
b)
B) involve an imbalance of the neurotransmitter dopamine
c)
C) are treated with selective serotoninreuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
d)
D) are caused by viral infections during infancy
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