Layer 3 uses the services provided by ______

The communication between same layers are governed by an agreed upon series of rules and conventions called ______

The processes on each machine that communicate at a given layer are called ________ processes.

The physical layer communication is _____

Each layer in the sending machine adds its own information to the message it receives from the layer above it, This information is added in the form of

______ are added to the data at layers 6, 5, 4, 3, and 2

Trailers are usually added only at layer ______

The machine passing of the data and network information down through the layers of the receiving machine is made possible by a/n ______.

Layers ________ are the network support layers: they deal with the physical aspects of moving data from one device to another.

Layers ________can be thought of as user support layers: they allow interoperability among unrelated software systems

_______ layer ensures end-to-end reliable data transmission.

_______ layer ensures reliable transmission on a node to node link

______ layer is mostly hardware

The upper OSI layers are almost always implemented in _______.

Lower layers are a combination of _______

Upon reaching the destination, the signal passes into layer 1 and is transformed back into _____

The _______ layer deals with the mechanical and electrical specifications of the interface and transmission medium

In a _______ configuration, a link is shared between several devices

The data-link layer divides the stream of bits received from the network layer into manageable data units called _______

The ______ layer adds a header to the packet coming from the upper layer that includes the logical addresses of the sender and receiver

Network layer oversees end-to-end delivery of individual ______

The _______ layer establishes, maintains, and synchronizes the interaction between communicating systems

The _______ layer is connected with the syntax and semantics of the information exchanged between two systems

The _____ layer enables the user, whether human or software, to access the network

The ______ layer decides the location of synchronization points

Decryption and encryption of data are the responsibility of the ____ layer

Dialog control is the function of the ______ layer

Mail services and directory services are available to network users through the ______ layer.

As the data packet moves from the lower to the upper layers, headers are ______