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Psychology 1st 9 Weeks Exam 2021

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 1hrs 8mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Amber believes that each thought or memory can be broken down into smaller elements, such as the emotions and concepts behind them.
In which historical approach to psychology would she find people who believe the same thing? 
a)
Psychoanalysis 
b)
Structuralism 
c)
Gestalt 
d)
Functionalism 
2.
Which event best marks the beginning of the modern study of psychology? 
a)
When Rene Descartes published his viewpoint that the mind and body are separate in the 1640s. 
b)
When Charles Darwin proposed his theory of evolution in 1859
c)
When Sigmund Freud travelled to America and introduced his theories in 1909. 
d)
When William James published the first psychology textbook in English in 1890.
3.
What was philosophy's major contribution to early understandings of human psychology?
a)
Philosophy's focus on empirical data led to a scientific focus for psychology. 
b)
The debate on the relationship between the mind/soul and the body led people to consider how the mind worked. 
c)
Philosophy's idea that we have four humors that affect our behaviors led early psychologists to look for other ways the body impacted behavior. 
d)
Philosophy's idea that we have four humors that affect our behaviors led early psychologists to look for other ways the body impacted behavior. 
4.
"The most important thing a psychologist can study is how a behavior or thought helps a person navigate the world, rather than how that thought comes to be or what it is made of."
This viewpoint probably comes from somebody who believes in what historical theoretical approach?
a)
Structuralism 
b)
Functionalism 
c)
Gestalt 
d)
Psychoanalysis 
5.
Marnie is handed a teddy bear and begins to describe what she is experiencing:"This is brown. It is soft. It is wearing a red bow."
What historic research technique is she using? 
a)
Introspection
b)
Psychoanalysis
c)
Dualism
d)
Structuralism 
6.
Charles Darwin proposed that natural selection leads to the development of characteristics most suited to the survival and reproduction of a species.
His theory has most influenced which branch of Psychology? 
a)
Humanism
b)
Evolutionary psychology. 
c)
Cognitive psychology. 
d)
Behaviorism.
7.
How do cognitive approaches to learning differ from traditional behaviorist explanations? 
a)
Cognitive psychologists focus on the changes in neural networks that result from learning. 
b)
Cognitive psychologists try to explain learning from an evolutionary perspective. 
c)
Cognitive psychologists believe that learning involves some sort of thinking. 
d)
Cognitive psychologists believe that researchers should only focus on observable behaviors. 
8.
After Mr. Jones suffered a stroke, a section on the left side of his brain was severely damaged. Now, Mr. Jones lost the ability to speak fluently.
This change in his verbal skills can be best be explained using which approach?
a)
Behaviorist 
b)
Evolutionary
c)
Cognitive
d)
Biological 
9.
Which of the following approaches seems to lack the most scientific support, since it seems to rely on after the fact explanations about correlations about childhood experiences and adult personality?
a)
Behavioral
b)
Psychoanalysis
c)
Evolutionary
d)
Cognitive 
10.
Calvin displays aggressive behaviors because he witnessed his father acting aggressively when in similar situations.
This behavior can best be explained through which approach to psychology
a)
Humanistic.
b)
Behavioral.
c)
Cognitive
d)
Evolutionary. 
11.
According to the evolutionary psychologists, human behavior is: 
a)
a result of learned behaviors an organism has acquired over the lifespan. 
b)
a result of repressed thoughts and urges of which we're largely unaware.
c)
an attempt to reach full human potential through actualization. 
d)
the result of psychological adaptations to changing human environments across generations.
12.
Roger is a freshman in college and is having trouble adjusting to the changes in his life.
What type of psychologist should he be referred to? 
a)
Developmental.
b)
Psychiatrist. 
c)
Clinical. 
d)
Counseling
13.
Julie appeared not to be surprised when the couple broke up.  “I could have predicted that,” she said.  Julie is demonstrating:
a)
ESP
b)
Hindsight Bias
c)
•overestimation the extent to which others share her opinion.
d)
correlation proves causation
14.
When everybody has an equal chance of being included in a study, this process is called
a)
unbiased reporting
b)

survey
c)
random sample
d)
reliability
15.
Consistently, we find low self-esteem is often related with high levels of depression.  This means
a)

low self-esteem causes depression
b)

depression causes low self-esteem
c)

low self-esteem and depression are caused by a third factor
d)

they are correlated but this does  not prove causation
16.
In order to prove a cause-and-effect relationship, we must use
a)
naturalistic observation.
b)
the experimental method
c)
human subjects
d)
correlation coefficients
17.
The ____ is a measure of the degree of variation among a set of scores from each other.
a)
mean
b)
scatterplot
c)
standard deviation
d)
normal distribution
18.
Which of the following correctly describes a dependent variable within an experiment
a)
a measured factor within an experiment that the researcher can change
b)
a variable that are eliminated or removed in order to see the relationship between the independent and dependent variables
c)
a factor within an experiment that is considered extraneous, it also correlates with the dependent or independent variable
d)
a measured factor within an experiment that the the researcher cannot change and depends on the independent variable
19.
A client whose improvement during therapy is the result of his or her expectation of improvement rather than the result of the therapy itself is showing
a)
a placebo effect
b)
catharsis
c)
negative transference
d)
tardive dyskinesia
20.
In a study of effects of alcohol on driving ability, the control group should be given
a)
a high dosage of alcohol
b)
one-half the dosage given the experimental group
c)
a driving test before and after drinking alcohol
d)
no alcohol at all
21.
A person displays a set of rare behaviors that psychologists had not known about previously, because nobody had ever shown them before. The best strategy to investigate the nature of those behaviors is
a)
an experiment
b)
a survey
c)
a case study
d)
cross sectional study
22.
Of the following, which research method would be most appropriate for investigating  the relationship between political party membership and attitude toward the death penalty?
a)
controlled experiment
b)
naturalistic observation
c)
test 
d)
survey
23.
John studies the effects of alcohol on the behavior of college students.  For his study, he spends 5 hours  every night for 2 weeks at a bar near a college watching how the patrons  act before and after drinking alcoholic beverages.   John is employing 
a)
a controlled experiment
b)
survey
c)
test
d)
naturalistic observation
24.
Relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience 
a)
Learning
b)
Maturation
c)
Egocentric
d)
Critical period
25.
Mental representations of the world; conceptual framework a person uses to make sense of the world 
a)
Schemas
b)
Surrogate
c)
Socialization 
d)
Maturation
26.
The process of fitting objects and experiences into one’s schemas
a)
Assimilation 
b)
Accommodation
c)
Conservation
d)
Schemas
27.
The adjustment of one’s schemas to include newly observed events and experiences
a)
Accommodation
b)
Assimilation
c)
Schemas
d)
Surrogate
28.
The principle that a given quantity does not change when its appearance is changed 
a)
Conservation
b)
Egocentric
c)
Assimilation
d)
Accommodation
29.
A young child’s inability to understand another person’s perspective
a)
Egocentric
b)
Imprinting
c)
Socialization
d)
Learning
30.
Inherited tendency of some newborn animals to follow the first moving object they see
a)
Imprinting
b)
Egocentric
c)
Surrogate
d)
Maturation
31.
Parents attempt to control, shape, and evaluate the behavior and attitudes of children and adolescents in accordance with a set code of conduct 
a)
Authoritarian
b)
Authoritative 
c)
Democratic
d)
Permissive
32.
Children and adolescents participate in decisions affecting their lives
a)
Authoritarian
b)
Authoritative 
c)
Permissive
d)
Laissez faire
33.
Children and adolescents have the final say; parents are less controlling and have a non-punishing, accepting attitude toward children
a)

Permissive/Laissez faire

b)
Democratic
c)
Authoritarian
d)
Authoritative 
34.
When adolescents were asked about their major concerns for their future, top answers on their lists were getting married, having friends, getting a job, and doing well in school. Each of these concerns involves the ability to understand abstract thought and concepts. According to Jean Piaget, what stage of cognitive learning is this?
a)
Sensorimotor
b)
 Preoperational
c)
 Operational
d)
 Formal operational
35.
A failure to develop a consistent identity results in:
a)
Role confusion
b)
Inferiority
c)
Insecurity
d)
 Social isolation
36.
Adolescents usually form their early identities based on the roles and expectations of
a)
parents
b)
siblings
c)
friends
d)
tv show characters
37.
According to Erikson, what is the major conflict faced during adolescence?
a)
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
b)
Intimacy vs. Isolation
c)
Identity vs. Role Confusion
d)
Generativity vs. Stagnation 
38.
Controls the release of chemicals within the body that regulate important body functions.
a)
Endocrine System
b)
Pituitary Gland
c)
Thyroid Gland
d)
Hormones
39.

Which of the following involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.

a)
anorexia nervosa
b)
binge-eating disorder
c)
bulimia nervosa
d)
eating disorder
40.
Hormone responsible for secondary sex characteristic changes in females.
a)
Magnesium
b)
Leutenising hormone
c)
Testosterone
d)
Estrogen
41.
The "master gland" that controls the release of hormones in both males and females is called:
a)
Pituitary Gland
b)
Endocrine Gland
c)
Thyroid Gland
d)
Hypothalmus Gland
42.
The idea that progressive physical and mental decline are inevitable with age
a)
ageism
b)
senile dementia 
c)
crystallized intelligence 
d)
decremental model of aging 
43.
A condition that destroys a person's ability to think, remember, relate to others, and provide self care. 
a)
senile dementia 
b)
Alzheimer's disease 
c)
Parkinson's disease 
d)
cancer
44.
The ability to use accumulated knowledge and learning in appropriate situations.
a)
crystallized intelligence 
b)
fluid intelligence
45.
Decreases in mental abilities experienced by some people in old age. 
a)
ageism 
b)
senile dementia
c)
Alzheimer's disease 
d)
flexible intelligence 
46.
Elderly people who experience a loss of control often develop
a)
a fear of dying 
b)
a negative self-concept
c)
rigidity
d)
none of the formentioned
47.
____________ refers to the ability to solve abstract relational problems and to generate new hypotheses. 
a)
Senile intelligence
b)
Flexible intelligence
c)
Fluid intelligence
d)
Crystallized intelligence 
48.
In transmitting sensory information to the brain, an electrical signal travels from the ________ of a single neuron.
a)
dendrites to the cell body to the axon
b)
axon to the dendrites to the cell body
c)
axon to the cell body to the dendrites
d)
dendrites to the axon to the cell body
49.
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that travel across the
a)
cell body.
b)
synaptic gap.
c)
axon.
d)
myelin sheath.
50.
The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are called
a)
neurotransmitters.
b)
interneurons. 
c)
hormones.
d)
antagonists
51.
The master gland of the endocrine system is the
a)
adrenal gland.
b)
pituitary gland.
c)
pancreas.
d)
hypothalamus.
52.
Which of the following is the component of the limbic system that plays an essential role in the processing of new memories?
a)
medulla
b)
hippocampus
c)
thalamus
d)
hypothalamus
53.
The thin surface layer of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebrum is called the
a)
cerebellum.
b)
corpus callosum.
c)
reticular formation.
d)
cerebral cortex.
54.
Which lobes of the brain receive the input that enables you to feel someone scratching your back?
a)
parietal
b)
temporal
c)
occipital
d)
frontal
55.
Information is most quickly transmitted from one cerebral hemisphere to the other by the
a)
medulla.
b)
corpus callosum.
c)
angular gyrus.
d)
limbic system.
56.
Who developed psychoanalysis and believed childhood behavior and the unconscious processes affect our behavior?
a)
Wilhelm Wundt
b)
Ivan Pavlov
c)
Sigmund Freud 
d)
Jean Piaget
57.
Which scan would give us a view of the brain waves occurring during sleep?
a)
EEG
b)
MRI
c)
PET
d)
CAT
58.
What sleep disorder includes many periods or episodes during the night when the subject stops breathing? Some times hundreds of times per night.
a)
Sleep Apnea
b)
Insomnia
c)
Narcolepsy
d)
Night Terrors
59.
What sleep disorder is characterized by the inability to sleep or stay asleep?
a)
Narcolepsy
b)
Apnea
c)
Insomnia
d)
Hypersomnia
60.
__________  refers to an increased percentage of time spent in REM sleep when we are deprived of REM sleep on the previous night.
a)
REM deprivation
b)
REM sleep
c)
REM rebound
d)
REM extension
61.
What type of brain waves predominate in stage 4 sleep?
a)
Delta Waves
b)
Alpha Waves
c)
Theta Waves
d)
Beta Waves
62.
A person experiences blind panic, screaming, and thrashing around while sleeping. This episode is called:
a)
Nightmares
b)
A sleep terror
c)
Night terrors
d)
Dreaming
63.
A relatively rare condition that involves irresistible attacks of sleepiness, brief periods of REM, and often muscle paralysis is called:
a)
Cataplexy
b)
Benzodiazepines
c)
Sleep Apnea
d)
Narcolepsy
64.
Drugs that heighten alertness, arousal, and decrease appetite, including: cocaine, caffeine, nicotine, and methamphetamine
a)
Hallucinogens
b)
Depressants
c)
Stimulants
d)
Opiate
65.
A drug that slows down body functions, especially in the nervous system (example-alcohol, barbiturates) is a(n)...?
a)
Hallucinogens
b)
Mood-altering drugs 
c)
Stimulant 
d)
Depressant
66.
A suggestion made during hypnosis session,to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized. 
a)
hypnostsist suggetion 
b)
sypnosis suggetion 
c)
posythnotic suggetion
d)
none of the above
67.

How much sleep time is spent in NREM sleep?

a)

up to 10 minutes

b)

15 to 45 minutes

c)

50 percent of the time spent asleep

d)

75 percent of the time spent asleep

68.

Which of the following occurs during REM sleep?

a)

dreaming

b)

sleepwalking

c)

delta waves

d)

regular pulse rate

69.

During which stage of sleep does most dreaming take place?

a)

Stage I

b)

Stage III

c)

Stage IV

d)

REM

70.

Our appetites are regulated by

a)

the 24-hour day.

b)

the environment.

c)

circadian rhythms.

d)

diet and exercise.

71.

Which of the following word pairs best summarize Freud’s and Crick’s differing explanations for dreaming?

a)

clues; housecleaning

b)

functional; functionless

c)

mundane; fantasy

d)

fear; creativity

72.

One use of biofeedback is to learn to relax the muscle responsible for most tension headaches.

a)

True

b)

False

73.

During hypnosis, the participant’s shifting of perceptual awareness is much like

a)

falling asleep easily in a safe place.

b)

becoming aware of one’s breathing when someone mentions it.

c)

becoming fully present to everything at once.

d)

finding something that has been lost.

74.

____________________ refers to a reduction of pain reported by patients after

undergoing hypnosis.

a)

Flow state

b)

Biofeedback

c)

Hypnotic analgesia

d)

Posthypnotic suggestion

75.

A person who has been hypnotized is highly suggestible, which means that the person

a)

can be induced to give over control of his or her conscious awareness.

b)

is easily swayed by a more powerful personality than his or her own.

c)

can be readily convinced to share personal details.

d)

is easily fooled by the theatrical nature of hypnosis into believing that what he or she is

experiencing is real.

76.

Transcendental meditation is associated with

a)

Buddhist traditions.

b)

mental repetition of a mantra.

c)

focusing on the present moment.

d)

concentration on one’s respiration.

77.

The controversy regarding whether and how meditation works has focused on similar effects that can sometimes be achieved by

a)

hallucinating.

b)

relaxing.

c)

exercising.

d)

being hypnotized.

78.

Which of the following is true of psychoactive drugs?

a)

Their possession and use is illegal under federal law.

b)

They all cause powerful hallucinations in sufficient doses.

c)

They range from the mild stimulant, caffeine, to the powerful hallucinogen, LSD.

d)

Their effects depend on the body weight and height of the user.

79.

Which of the following best tells why smoking marijuana instead of tobacco is harder on the lungs?

a)

Marijuana smoke is drawn in deeper and held longer in the lungs than cigarette smoke, increasing the lungs’ exposure to tar and chemicals.

b)

Marijuana dulls sensory experiences, so any ill effects are not felt until after the damage is done.

c)

The smoke from marijuana is higher in chemicals than is the smoke from cigarettes.

d)

The addictive quality of marijuana means the smoker inhales more smoke more often than if he

or she were smoking cigarettes.

80.

The most commonly used stimulant in the United States today is

a)

cocaine.

b)

caffeine.

c)

nicotine.

d)

alcohol.

81.

Which of the following best describes the behavior of a person experiencing the eff ects of a potent hallucinogen, such as LSD?

a)

Maria is backed into a corner, breathing hard and apparently suffering a panic attack.

b)

Jonah is freaking out because he says he saw his hand disappear and reappear.

c)

Naveen claims that he can suddenly smell the color blue and see the taste of chocolate.

d)

All of the above are examples of possible hallucinogenic effects on a person.

82.

Which of the following is the greatest risk associated with the abuse of psychoactive drugs?

a)

loss of control

b)

death or injury

c)

loss of income

d)

irreparable damage to the mind

83.

a state of consciousness resulting from a narrowed focus of attention and characterized by heightened suggestibility

a)

hypnosis

b)

meditation

c)

REM sleep

d)

insomnia

84.

the focusing of attention to clear one's mind and produce relaxation

a)

hypnosis

b)

opiates

c)

meditation

d)

biofeedback

85.

Which of the following is a class of drugs with the characteristics of reducing pain and decreasing attention to the real world

a)

alcohol

b)

hallucinogens

c)

opiates

d)

psychedelics

86.

Some researchers believe we sleep in order to

a)

recover from exhaustion and stress

b)

conserve energy

c)

clear our minds of useless information

d)

all of the above are correct

87.
When adolescents were asked about their major concerns for their future, top answers on their lists were getting married, having friends, getting a job, and doing well in school. Each of these concerns involves the ability to understand abstract thought and concepts. According to Jean Piaget, what stage of cognitive learning is this?
a)
Sensorimotor
b)
 Preoperational
c)
 Operational
d)
 Formal operational
88.
What psychologist said adolescence was like being a fully grown animal in a cage?
a)
G. Stanley Hall
b)
Margaret Mead 
c)
Robert Havighurst
89.
Changing one's own behavior and attitudes to fit with the group
a)
cognitive dissonance
b)
conformity
c)
attitude adaptability
d)
reactive formation
90.
May occur in both boys and girls during puberty due to overactive oil glands:
a)
Voice breaks
b)
Acne
c)
Body Odor
d)
Growth of pubic hair 
91.

There are 4 categories of changes that occur to the body during puberty.  What are the 4 changes?

a)
Outer, Inner, Holistic, Wholesome
b)
Physical, Emotional, Mental, Social
c)
Social, Physical, Holistic, Natural
d)
Inner, Emotional, Social, Physical
92.

Your awareness of everything that is going on around you and inside your own head at any given movement, which you use to organize your behavior.

a)

Consciousness

b)

Circadian Rhythm

c)

Insomnia

d)

Hypnosis

93.

Occurs when there is a shift in the quality or pattern of your mental activity. Thoughts may become fuzzy, disorganized and you may feel less alert, or your thoughts may take bizarre turns, as they so often do in dreams.

a)

Altered State of Consciousness

b)

Waking Consciousness

c)

Hypnosis

d)

Narcolepsy

94.

Neurotransmitter associated with Alzheimer's disease

a)

Dopamine

b)

Acetylcholine

c)

Serotonin

d)

GABA

95.

Cocaine and Amphetamines elevate activity at WHICH synapses?

a)

Serotonin and Dopamine

b)

Dopamine and Norepinephrine

c)

GABA and Serotonin

d)

GABA and Dopamine

96.

Both Parkinson's Disease and Schizophrenia are associated with dysregulation of...

a)

GABA

b)

Dopamine

c)

Serotonin

d)

Endorphins

97.

Prozac and similar antidepressant drugs predominately affect which circuit

a)

GABA

b)

Dopamine

c)

Serotonin

d)

Endorphins

98.

_________________ resemble/s opiate drugs in structure and effects

a)

Dopamine

b)

GABA

c)

Endorphins

d)

Serotonin

99.

Process of learning to control bodily states with the help of machines monitoring the states to be controlled

a)

delusions

b)

insomnia

c)

biofeedback

d)

hypnosis

100.

According to Freud, our dreams represent what?

a)

Our unconscious desires

b)

Our mind processing the events of the day

c)

Glimpses of the future

d)

Fears that overwhelm us during the day

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