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Unit II Review - Eras of Change

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 2hrs 40mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Who painted the Mona Lisa?

a)

Michelangelo

b)

Donatello

c)

Jan Van Eyck

d)

Leonardo da Vinci

2.

What does "Renaissance" mean?

a)

Reconvert

b)

Rebirth

c)

Re-examine

d)

Review

3.

What is one way that Medieval and Renaissance artists differ?

a)

Renaissance art focuses more on religion

b)

Medieval artists were more realistic

c)

Renaissance artist turned to Roman and Greek works for inspiration

d)

They are the same

4.
What provided the major economic support for the Renaissance?
a)
wealthy patrons
b)
church officials
c)
government grants
d)
kings competing for prestige
5.

Which of these famous structures did Michelangelo paint?

a)

the Louvre

b)

the Coliseum

c)

the Sistine Chapel

d)

the Eiffel Tower

6.

Which of these statements describes a change brought about by the Renaissance?

a)

Society was dominated by the church.

b)

Society began to value individualism.

c)

Society was focused on warfare.

d)

Society was dominated by lords.

7.
Which of the following is associated with Humanism?
a)
the ideas of the middle ages
b)
the ideas of Greece & Rome
c)
the ideas of ancient China
d)
the ideas of ancient India
8.

Who wrote the essay "The Prince?"

a)

Michelangelo

b)

Machiavelli

c)

Erasmus

d)

Sir Thomas More

9.

The statue of "David" was created by _____________.

a)

Da Vinci

b)

Michelangelo

c)

Erasmus

d)

Gutenberg

10.
__________________ was a Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements.
a)
Indulgence
b)
Humanism
c)
Secular
d)
Perspective
11.

Renaissance Europeans turned towards non-religious interests/topics. This is known as:

a)

Nationalism

b)

Secularism

c)

Humanism

d)

Realism

12.

Which of the following best describes, "the spirit of the renaissance"?

a)

"People should work hard and stick to tradition."

b)

"People are not creative and shouldn't try new things."

c)

"People are capable of learning and should create new things."

d)

"knowledge is reserved only for those in positions of authority.”

13.
What is the artistic technique that is used to show depth and distance on a flat surface?
a)
realism
b)
perspective
c)
idealism
d)
distancism
14.

The Renaissance occurred during what years?

a)

200-299

b)

100-900

c)

500-1300

d)

1300-1600

15.
Who painted "The Last Supper"?
a)
Machiavelli
b)
Botticelli
c)
Kepler
d)
Leonardo da Vinci
16.

What kind of art is this?

a)

Classical Art

b)

Middle Ages Art

c)

Renaissance Art

d)

Islamic Art

17.

What was the most important city-state in Italy?

a)

Naples

b)

Rome

c)

Florence

d)

Venice

18.
a)
Raphael: The School of Athens
b)
Donatello: David
c)
Boticelli: Adoration of the Magi
d)
Piero della Francesca: The Duke and Duchess of Urbino
19.

The Renaissance is most famous for its _______.

a)

invention of the guillotine

b)

invention of bricks

c)

floppy hats with feathers in them

d)

artistic achievements

20.

How did Humanism lead to the Protestant Reformation?

a)

It encouraged people to leave the Catholic Church.

b)

It encouraged the idea that each person could understand the Bible.

c)

It encouraged people to seek jobs outside of the Church where they could make more money.

21.

Which of the following are effects of the printing press? (Select all that apply)

a)

Books become cheaper.

b)

Ideas spread faster and further.

c)

The Catholic Church becomes more powerful.

d)

Some people print information that the Catholic Church does not support.

e)

No one is able to learn about Columbus's discovery of the New World for many years.

22.

What is the name of Martin Luther's written protest against the Catholic Church's use of indulgences?

a)

The Protestant Reformation

b)

The 95 Theses

c)

The Whittenberg Church Door

23.

What was the Catholic Church's response to Martin Luther's 95 Theses?

a)

Excommunication

b)

The Peace of Westphalia

c)

The Counsel of Trent

d)

They ignored it

24.

Luther's followers called themselves what?

a)

Protestants

b)

Protestors

c)

Reformers

d)

Transformers

25.
Which German priest started the Reformation?
a)
John Calvin
b)
Henry VIII
c)
Pope Paul III
d)
Martin Luther
26.
What was the Catholic Church's response to the Reformation called?
a)
Counter Reformation
b)
Reconquista
c)
Council of Trent
d)
Thirty Years' War
27.
Martin Luther's posting of the Ninety-Five Theses is considered by many to be a turning point in history because
a)
sale of indulgences increased.
b)
Luther became the German ruler
c)
Catholic power declined.
d)
German states became unified.
28.
The Reformation began in _______. 
a)
Italy
b)
Germany
c)
France
d)
England
29.
Which of the following best helped Martin Luther's ideas reach other parts of Europe? 
a)
The Bible
b)
The printing press
c)
Church Hierarchy
d)
The Diet of Worms
30.
In his attempt to reform the Catholic Church, what did Martin Luther do?
a)
Bought a certificate of indulgence to be pardoned.
b)
Helped Pope Leo X rebuild St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.
c)
Prepared a list of 95 arguments against indulgences.
d)
Decided to become a lawyer. 
31.
Martin Luther's main complaint was against what?
a)
Inquisitions
b)
Indulgences
c)
The Bible
d)
Ice Cream
32.
Fill in the blank. Luther believed that ________________ was how people would end up in heaven.
a)
faith
b)
indulgences
c)
good deeds
d)
going to church
33.

What was an important effect of the invention of the printing press?

a)

It increased the literacy rate and use of vernacular in Europe

b)

It led to the increased use of Latin

c)

It led to more people converting to Catholicism

d)

It led to the Kings and Popes having more power over the people

34.

The act of selling pardons for sins to reduce punishment?

a)

Confession

b)

Usury

c)

Indulgences

d)

Free pass

35.

What was the most stable, dependable, and wealthy institution in Europe?

a)

Feudalism

b)

Protestant Church

c)

Orthodox Church

d)

Catholic Church

36.

A Heretic is:

a)

Someone who disagrees with the Catholic Church's teachings

b)

Someone who becomes a saint

c)

Someone who believes everything the Pope says

d)

Someone who joins the Catholic Church

37.
Galileo was tried for heresy because he argued  
a)
That heaven did not exist
b)
That Earth revolved around the sun
c)
Against the law of gravity
d)
That the sun revolved around the Earth
38.
According to Copernicus, the sun  
a)
Revolved around the earth
b)
Was the center of the Universe
c)
Was the biggest star
d)
 Had many moons
39.
The idea that the earth is the center of the universe is the ___________ theory.
a)
geocentric
b)
heliocentric
c)
earthcentric
d)
world's worst
40.
The idea that the sun is the center of the universe is the ____________ theory.
a)
geocentric
b)
heliocentric
c)
solar
d)
sunny
41.
 _____________________ was an Italian astronomer who developed the telescope, which then confirmed Copernicus’ Heliocentric Theory 
a)
a. Isaac Newton
b)
b. Galileo Galilei 
c)
c. Adam Smith
d)
d. Dennis Diderot
42.
Which term best defines the concept that the earth is the center of the universe?
a)
Heliocentric
b)
Geocentric
c)
Eurocentric
d)
Egotistical
43.
Which term best defines the concept that the sun is the center of the universe?
a)
heliocentric
b)
geocentric
c)
Ethnocentric
d)
Eurocentric
44.
The 6-step procedure based on observation and experimentation is called...  
a)
Planetary Model
b)
Philosophical Method
c)
Pavlov's Hierarchy of Needs
d)
the Scientific Method
45.

He was a polish mathematician and astronomer who was first to determine that the sun was the center of the solar system.

a)

Galilieo

b)

Humes

c)

Copernicus

d)

Descartes

46.

A German mathematician who was known for his laws of planetary motion in elliptical orbits around the sun.

a)

Leviticus

b)

Kepler

c)

Columbus

d)

Newton

47.

Who was the English scientist who discovered the laws of gravitation?

a)

Galileo

b)

Newton

c)

Kepler

d)

Copernicus

48.

Who proposed a system of EXPERIMENTATION to find new truths through this type of scientific method.

a)

Newton

b)

Bacon

c)

Descartes

d)

Frisius

49.

Who proposed a mathematical system using REASON and LOGIC to find new truths through this type of scientific method.

a)

Bacon

b)

Newton

c)

Boyle

d)

Descartes

50.

Which term means that people have to power to choose their leaders?

a)

Liberty

b)

Constitutional Government

c)

Popular Sovereignty

d)

Freedom of the press

51.

During the 1600s and the 1700s, kings ruled with few restrictions on their power. What is this called?

a)

Permanent Rule

b)

Absolute Rule

c)

Democracy

d)

Dictatorship

52.

John Locke believed in natural rights. What are the "big 3?"

a)

Liberty

b)

Life

c)

Voting

d)

Food

e)

Property

53.

Kings or Queens who held all of the power within their states' boundaries

a)

Absolute Monarch

b)

Divine Right

c)

Huguenots

d)

Enlightenment

54.

Idea from Thomas Hobbes that suggested all humans are naturally selfish and wicked and must hand over their rights to a strong ruler to create/run their government.

a)

Social Contract

b)

Estate

c)

Tennis Court Oath

d)

Great Fear

55.

When was 'the Enlightenment?'

a)

1685 - 1815

b)

1700 - 2000

c)

1570 - 1776

d)

1618 - 1917

56.

What was the other name for French Enlightenment thinkers?

a)

Hon hon hon intelligente

b)

Philosopherrs

c)

Galaxie Brain

d)

Philosophes

57.

What did Enlightenment thinkers base their questions and thinking on? What did they use to question tradition?

a)

Faith

b)

Reason

c)

Math

d)

Nachos

58.

The theory that people will interact or behave in a certain way when unregulated

a)

Human rights

b)

State of nature

c)

Human nature

d)

Natural rights

59.

Using rational, logical thinking

a)

Philosophy

b)

Thinking

c)

Reasoning

60.

The theory that an agreement to exchange some freedoms for protection exists between the people and their ruler or government - if the government breaks this agreement, the people have a right to rebel

a)

Human rights

b)

Divine right of Kings

c)

Social welfare

d)

Social contract

61.

What movement coincided with the Enlightenment and ALSO challenged the power of the Catholic Church in Europe?

a)

The Scientific Revolution

b)

The Great Awakening

c)

The Diet of Worms

d)

The Protestant Reformation

62.

Which group had the POTENTIAL to benefit MOST from the spread and real-world APPLICATION of Enlightenment ideals?

a)

Merchants

b)

Nobles

c)

Peasants

d)

Monarchs

63.

He believed laws existed to preserve security and order. He believed punishments for crimes should work the same way, and argued against the death penalty for any crime.

a)

Cesare Beccaria

b)

John Locke

c)

Jean Jacques Rousseau

d)

Thomas Hobbes

64.

This enlightenment philosopher argued strongly in favor of free speech as a human right, and criticized intolerance and oppression, especially that of the Catholic Church

a)

John Locke

b)

Voltaire

c)

Thomas Hobbes

d)

Olympe de Gouges

65.

This philosopher firmly believed that life, liberty and property were natural rights of all people. He inspired the Declaration of Independence

a)

Thomas Hobbes

b)

Voltaire

c)

John Locke

d)

Baron de Montesquieu

66.

This philosopher was the first to propose two major features of modern American government - Separation of powers and Checks & Balances

a)

Thomas Hobbes

b)

Baron de Montesquieu

c)

Olympe de Gouges

d)

John Locke

67.

This philosopher had a negative view of human nature, believing that people were generally greedy and selfish.

a)

John Locke

b)

Voltaire

c)

Cesare Beccaria

d)

Thomas Hobbes

68.
An essential aspect of the Enlightenment was its advocacy of the . . .
a)
return to traditional medieval values
b)
overseas expansion by Western Europe
c)
the use of reason for logical and rational thinking
d)
strengthening the power of organized religions
69.
Rousseau would be most likley to support . . . 
a)
a return to feudalism in europe
b)
a government ruled by an absolute monarch
c)
society ruled by the Catholic Church
d)
a society in which the people choose their leaders
70.
The Enlightenment is considered a turning point in history because . . . 
a)
Europeans changed their ways of thinking about the role of government
b)
Martin Luther broke away from the Catholic Church
c)
The Columbian Exchange occured
d)
The factory system was used to mass-produce goods
71.
How did Hobbes view human nature?
a)
We are inquisitive and industrious.
b)
We are naturally selfish and quick to fight.
c)
We are naturally altruistic and usually willing to compromise.
d)
We are born a 'blank slate', and we develop differently according to our life's experiences..
72.

Describe the difference between Medieval Art & Renaissance Art

a)

Medieval Art=simple, religious, and lacks depth; Renaissance Art=has shading, depth, secular, and is realistic.

b)

Medieval art is obsessed with humanism while Renaissance art is more focused on religion

c)

Renaissance art emphasizes crayons and markers while Medieval art focuses on chalk as a tool

73.

How did religion and the church change in Europe from 1500 to 1700?

a)

Normal people began to truly accept the teachings of the Catholic Church for the first time.

b)

The Catholic Church became way more chill and definitely didn't launch the Inquisition afterwards.

c)

The Catholic Church gained wealth and authority as a result of the Protestant Reformation. Luther and King Henry VIII created more Catholic churches which accepted the Pope’s authority.

d)

The church lost wealth and authority as a result of the Protestant Reformation. Luther and King Henry VIII began their own Protestant churches which rejected the Pope’s authority.

74.

Who was Leonardo da Vinci?

a)

He is the leader of the Ninja Turtles

b)

He was the most famous figure of the Renaissance. He painted the Mona Lisa and is the ideal "Renaissance Man'.

c)

He was the leader of Florence during the Renaissance

d)

He was the student of Machiavelli and wrote "The King", the sequel to "The Prince"

75.

Who is King Henry VIII?

a)

King of England during the High Middle Ages. Commonly confused with Aethelberd of Kent.

b)

King of England during the Reformation. He proved his loyalty to the Pope and was named Holy Roman Emperor

c)

King of England during the Protestant Reformation. He created the Church of England because the Pope wouldn’t grant him a divorce.

d)

King of France during the Reformation. He was good friends with Luther and helped France transition from Catholicism to Lutheranism.

76.

What is an indulgence?

a)

Indulgences were only possibly because of the Printing Press

b)

An indulgence was permission from the Church to indulge in any sin they wished.

c)

An indulgence is an invitation to dine with the local priests.

d)

An indulgence is a pardon that the clergy sold which relieved (forgave) people of their sins.

77.

Please choose the correct order (earliest to latest)

a)
  1. Middle Ages 2. Ancient Times 3. Reformation 4. Renaissance
b)
  1. Ancient Times 2. Renaissance 3. Middle Ages 4. Reformation
c)
  1. Reformation 2. Renaissance 3. Middle Ages 4. Ancient Times
d)
  1. Ancient Times 2. Middle Ages 3. Renaissance 4. Reformation
78.

What made the Printing Press so important?

a)

It allowed people to press different prints onto their clothing, setting off a creative boom in fashion.

b)

It allowed the Pope to make more money, as he could sell more Bibles to more people

c)

It allowed ideas to be more easily refuted since people could easily find counter-arguments.

d)

It helped spread criticisms of the Catholic Church to the masses. This allowed the Protestant Reformation to begin.

79.
In a state of nature, there will be total chaos, violence and eventual death.
a)
Hobbes
b)
Locke
80.
People are basically good.
a)
Hobbes
b)
Locke
81.
In a social contract, people agree to obey government as long as government is protecting their freedoms.
a)
Hobbes
b)
Locke
82.
People never have a right to rebel against government.
a)
Hobbes
b)
Locke
83.
People have a right and a duty to rebel against government if it is not protecting their basic freedoms.
a)
Hobbes
b)
Locke
84.

Thomas Hobbes wrote in _, his best-known book on political philosophy, that life in the state of nature is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short."

a)

Discourses on Livy

b)

Leviathan

c)

Two Treatises on Government

d)

The Prince

85.

Thomas Hobbes used the term "_" to describe life without government, as it might have been among early humans.

a)

oligrachy

b)

state of nature

c)

antidisestablishmentarianism

d)

common exile

86.

The political theory that God selects the monarch and therefore all should obey. Locke dismissed this idea.

a)

divine right of kings

b)

papal authority

c)

Godly guidance in governance

d)

social contract theory

87.
Rights that belong to all humans from birth
a)
social contract
b)
democracy
c)
natural rigths
d)
laissez-faire
88.
A common theme among Enlightenment thinkers was
a)
A) a desire to improve society
b)
B) faith in traditional religious beliefs
c)
C) support for democratic forms of government
d)
D) a belief in the inherent goodness of humanity
89.

Match the following quotes with the Enlightenment philosopher:

a)

"I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it."

1.

Voltaire

b)

"I prefer liberty with danger than peace with slavery.”

2.

Rousseau

c)

"When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty"

3.

Montesquieu

d)

"It is better to prevent crimes than to punish them."

4.

Cesare Beccaria

90.

If someone is devious and ruthless, especially in politics, they might be called

a)

Antagonistic

b)

Philosophical

c)

Belligerent

d)

Machiavellian

91.

. 

What is the primary characteristic of a feudal society?

a)

exchange of land for services

b)

exchange of religous services

c)

exchange for weapons

92.

Feudalism is a political and economic system. In the Middle Ages, it worked because it provided something that people needed. What did people need?

a)

Education

b)

Protection

c)

Freedom

93.

Under the Feudal System, the King:

a)

Owned no land

b)

Owned some of the land

c)

Owned all of the land

94.

Most economic activities on this feudal manor were related to

a)

banking

b)

industry

c)

agriculture

d)

cultural diffusion

95.

The illustration represents a society based on

a)

democratic ideals

b)

accumulated wealth in the form of gold

c)

social class determined by birth

d)

educational achievement

96.

I am a knight. I ______.

a)

provide military service to the king and the baron

b)

am not allowed to own land

c)

answer only to the king

97.

I am a peasant. I ______.

a)

provide free labor and have no rights

b)

provide labor for minimal pay and free housing

c)

provide services for the king and own my land

98.
The branches of Christianity that developed as a result of protests against the Catholic Church were called
a)
Greek Orthodox
b)
Protestant
c)
Catholic
d)
Buddhist
99.

Why did the Reformation begin?

a)

Luther wanted to start a new religion.

b)

The Church was poor and needed a new leader.

c)

Calvin wanted to head the Church.

d)

There were abuses in the Church that needed changing.

100.

Which of the following was NOT a complaint against the Catholic Church.

a)

They were corrupt

b)

Popes cared more about money and power than spiritual matters.

c)

They sold indulgences.

d)

They gave away too much money to the poor.

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