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WorksheetsHealth Policy and Planning SPH5223 (test 1)
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 25mins
WHAT is POLICY? astatement emphsize on all except one
content
process
power
no frame line
money spend
Why the health plociy is important? all are true except one
Size of the sector
a driver of economy
public funds
large numbers of population in contact with health services
involve life and death
Health Policy Era’s are all of the following except one
Postdevelopment era
Post-independen
Transition period
Regulation/deregulation
Market dominance
Common Short Coming of Healthcare Delivery are the following except
Inverse care
cheap care
Impoverishing care
Unsafe care
Misdirected care
All of the following excpt one are theories of Public Policy
Institutionalism
Process
Group Theory
The new theory
Rationalism
All of the following excpt one are theories of Public Policy
Incrementalism
Game Theory
Public Choice Theory
The individual theory
Kingdon-Garbage Can Model
Which one of the following statements is wrong?
Incrementalism: Public policy as variations on the past
Rationalism: Public policy as maximum social gain
Process Model: Public policy as integrated process
Institutionalism: Public policy as institutional output
Group Theory: Public policy as group equilibrium
Questions you should be able to answer about each of the theories or models you will be exposed to in policy analysis, All but one
Who participates in policy making?
How are policy decisions made?
Why did the participates make policy decisions?
What are the underlying assumptions of the theory?
What are the consequences for the general public?
Policy actors are those who (all but one)
Identify problems or issues as worthy of attention
Prevent problems or issues being considered
Shape the design of proposed policies
Develop the strategies through which policies are developed and implemented
Block the implementation
Principles of the Ethical Practice of Public Health (all are true except one)
A code of ethics for public health clarifies the distinctive elements of public health and the ethical principles that follow.
Last option is wrong
It makes clear to populations and communities the ideals of the public health institutions that serve them.
A code of ethics thus serves as a goal to guide public health institutions and practitioners and as a standard to which they can be held accountable.
Codes of ethics are typically relatively brief; they are not
designed to provide a means of untangling convoluted ethical issues.
Policy content invloves (all but one)
A purpose statement
Applicability and scope
implementation method
Responsibilities
Definitions
Policy contextual factors can be categorizes into (All but one)
Situational factors
Structural factors
Cultural factors
International and exogenous factors
economic factors
Policy cycle focus on (All but one)
Community
Process
Content
Context
Actors
In health care policy Evaluation contains all but one of the following
monitoring
review the implementation
assessment of the policy
criticism
analysing
In politics all statement are true but one
Workplace: influencing workplace policy, procedures, funding allocation decisions, and practice models.
Government: influencing local, state and national policy and legislation.
In policy, politic is associated with community control.
Professional: organizations: influencing the setting of standards, licensure, and credentialing.
Community: influencing through engagement in community activities such as environmental groups, child care groups, etc.
Political process includes all but one
Consensus
Rule of law
Competition
Monitoring
Inclusion & Governance
Main institutions involved in government policy making (All but one)
The financial
The legislature
The bureaucracy
The executive
The judiciary
Market failure characteristic are all of the following except one
High number of customers
Lack of competition or Rising service costs
Barriers to entry and exit
Restricted flow of information
Externalities and social cost
Why international arena in health policy is important?
All are true but one
Infectious diseases
Cross-border travelling
Employment – work-force
Communication technologies
Money movements
In governmental health policy arena,
all of the following are government failures except one
Externalities and social cost
Inability to define social welfare
Inability to define social welfare
Legal constraints
Limits to democracy and the paradox of voting
All of the following are level of agenda but one
public agenda
agenda universe
systemic agenda
istitutional agenda
decision agenda
In the Kingdon model all of the following are true but one
Streams of policy process;
- the problem stream
Streams of policy process;
- the politics stream
Streams of policy process;
- the policy stream
Agenda-setting opportunities – known as policy windows
Kingdon model matrix is important
Concerning the Hall model, all the following are true but one
Legitimacy is part of the model
Feasibility is part of the model
Support is part of the model
Legitimacy is a characteristic of issues with which governments believe they should be concerned and in which they have a right or even obligation to intervene.
Feasibility refers to the potential for monitoring the policy.
In agenda setting in public health policy, all of the following are true but one
By understanding the way in which power operates, we are better able to enforce accountability for the decisions made by our governing bodies
Power is a complex notion involving political forces – power is used in various ways in order to push certain agendas
Policy-making in high-income countries is affected a great deal by international socio-political forces
The national health policies of developing nations are shaped through the engagement of local governments by a global network of actors
Technical expertise is the important actors to improve in low-income countries.
In prioritization in public health policy, all are true but one
Done at central level
Some things, they become a high priority because of funding
Sometimes things get funded because they become a high enough priority
Often focus on local issue
MDGs often take precedence even over national determination or need
Concerning the agenda setting in public health policy, all of the following are part of its cycle but one
objective identification
policy formulation
policy adoption
policy implementation
policy evaluation
Policy Process Actors and Their Roles, all are true but one
Technocrats: Knowledge
Politicians: Power
Interest Groups: Lobbyist
Bureaucrats: Institutions
Donors: Influence
All of the following are key functions of Health Information except one
data generation
data gathering
data communication
data analysis
data compilation
Country Health Information Systems Include all of the following but one
Public Health Surveillance
Hospital Medical Records
National health accounts
Health policy and regulations
Services availability and readiness assessment
Types of analysis of health policy includes all but one of the following
original research
Quantitative research
Qualitative research
Mixed-methods research
Secondary research
All of the following are different characteristics between scientists and policy makers, except one
publication patents vs policy practice
mathematical symbols vs acronyms
long time to do one research vs answers are needed quickly
the whole career is in one specific area vs move rapidly among files
inefficient with the financing vs efficient with the financing
The number one barrier to use researches by policy makers, identified in a systematic review of 24 interview studies, which was
Absence of personal contact between scientists and policy makers
Political instability or high turnover of policy making staff
Poor quality of research
Power and budget struggles
Mutual mistrust between scientists and policy makers
All of the following are various decision making process tools except one
Pareto chart
Cause and Effect tree
Check Sheets
Problem Tree
Fishbone diagram
This tool, one of decision making process tools, is called
Decision Tree
Problem Tree
Ishikawa
Objective Tree
Check Sheets
In Pareto analysis tool all of the following are true except one
Focuses on qualitative data
Use to identify which situations are most common
Often known as “The 80/20 Rule"
is a chart that contains both bars and a line graph
It is easy to see that the major complaint or problem
The following picture showing one of the Decision Support Tool which is called
Proplem sheet
Checking tool
Check diagram
Check Sheet
Problem dicision sheet
All of the following are part of « Five Steps » in Priority Setting except one
What is the burden of disease?
Why does the burden persist?
What is the present resource flow for that disease/risk?
How cost-effective could future interventions be?
Why cost-effective are present interventions?
The Need for a Policy (or not) may be Identified by way of following but one
Legislative changes or requirements
Information Monitoring System data
Review of systems; e.g.. accreditation, clinical audit
Response to high risk incident
Old evidence
Who Set Health Policy Choice? all are correct but one
Technocrats; epidemiologists, physicians, public health specialists
Bureaucrats; Administrators, managers, policy analysts, and economists
Donors: WHO, UNICEF, UNDP, UNHCR
Politicians: ministers, members of Parliament, members of the cabinet
Interest Groups; (insiders / Outsiders) Consumers / NGOs / Community leaders/ Media
Policy implementation, Who are involved and their roles, all of the following are correct but one
Technocrats: Provide information and remain involved in program planning.
Interest groups: Advocate for action on the policy and work through NGOs and organizations representing civil society
Bureaucrats: Involved in developing the enabling legislation.
Politicians: Involved in legislation; allocate the funding for implementation.
Donors: often play a major role in funding and setting program priorities.
Questions (categories) relevant to A successful policy implementation, all are true but one
The Policy Formulation, and Dissemination
Social, Political, and Economic Context
Leadership for Policy Implementation
Stakeholder Involvement in Policy Implementation
Efficiency planning and resources gathering
Types of policy evaluation; all of the following are correct but one
Needs assessment
Process evaluation
Feseability analysis
Effectiveness
Efficiency
All of the following are qualitative methodologies used in Policy Evaluations except one
Meeting minutes and books and materials
Diaries/journals
Open-ended surveys
Holistic Evaluation
Transcripts of interviews and focus groups
Acting on an Evaluation Report can be one of the following (best answer)
Do nothing (Inaction)
Minor modifications
Major modifications
Termination
All of the above
All of the following are Methodologies used in Policy Analysis except one
Quantitative method
Qualitative method
Case study
Statistical analysis and servey analysis
Model building
To fullfil rational model (one of Health Policy Analysis) policy makers must know the value of all of the following but one
all society value preference/weight
all consequences
all alternative policy
calculate the benefits to cost for each alternatives
select most effective policy alternative
All of the following are Barriers of rational model except one
Benefited only specific group
Policy makers not motivated to make decision on the basis of societl benefits
Heavy consequences/outputs of all alternatives
Segmental/departmentation - lacking on cooperation
Information/data - limited
In Landscape - context of policy all of the following are questions to describe the social context except one
Are influential, valued groups affected?
Are vulnerable subgroups disproportionately, negatively affected?
Are there equity issues?
Is the problem an individual problem or societal problem?
What is the problem costing individuals, groups, society as a whole?
All of the following are benefits of using model in policy analysis except one
Increase variables to get more data
Simplify real situation
Understandable
Provide direction of analysis
Save time
Which one of following is not an actors in Private sector in health policy
Interest group and Pressure group
Pressure group
Civic society
Stakeholder and Lobbyist
Interest group, Pressure group, and Civic society
