Worksheetsreview for all part 5
Total questions: 33
Worksheet time: 34mins
If a scientist were collecting data about extinct species like Neanderthals, and they were trying to determine if they had ever successfully bred with humans in Europe, what would they look for?
Africans and Asians share parts of their genome with Neanderthals, but not Europeans.
Africans, Europeans, and Asians all share parts of their genome with Neanderthals.
Neanderthals have conserved sequences with humans.
Europeans and Asians share parts of their genome with Neanderthals, but not Africans.
Which of the following was a distinctive development during the Cambrian period?
Shifting of the continental plates to provide new habitats for organisms
A sharp rise in the oxygen content of the atmosphere
Volcanic eruptions that increased the temperature of the atmosphere
An increase in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere
Over time, natural selection eliminates individuals with detrimental phenotypes from a population. However, there are several examples in the human population in which harmful genetic polymorphisms are maintained. Why?
Homozygous individuals have some other advantage over individuals with two wild type alleles.
Heterozygous individuals have some other advantage over individuals with two wild type alleles.
Individuals with two harmful alleles have advantages over individuals carrying one copy of the harmful allele.
Individuals with two wild type alleles have advantages over individuals carrying the harmful allele.
While they are simple relative to cells, viruses often have a very diverse collection of components. Which one of the following choices is LEAST likely to be found as part of a virus?
single-stranded DNA
ribosomes
membrane components
glycoproteins
Why are there a number of independent whole-genome duplications in plants that cluster around 65 MYA?
The accumulation of more polyploids allowed for more reproduction among them and an increase in the population of polyploids.
A mass extinction event occurred and polyploids may have had a better chance of surviving.
Plants began to utilize a new more effective means of polyploidization at this time.
A mass extinction event may have given off radiation that caused massive polyploidy.
How would the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds impede the origin of life?
It would stop the formation of cell membranes.
It would slow the rate of protein synthesis.
It would prevent the assembly of nucleic acids.
It would digest amino acids.
Methanogens and halophiles are
members of the Domain Bacteria.
members of the Domain Eukarya.
parasitic archaea.
members of the Domain Archaea.
What best describes whether a virus is likely to infect a particular cell?
If a host cell is weakened, viruses are likely to infect it.
The initial choice is random but once a cell type is chosen it becomes the preferred host .
Viruses infect the first cells they encounter.
Viruses only attack epithelial cells, such as the cells lining the lungs.
A virus will only infect host cells with the correct surface receptors.
In humans, the male has an X and Y sex chromosome. The human female has two X chromosomes. In birds, the female has a Z and a W sex chromosome while the male has two Z chromosomes. Which of the following statements is accurate about which parent controls the gender of the offspring?
In humans and birds the male controls the gender of all the offspring.
In humans the male controls the gender of the offspring, and in birds the female controls the gender.
In humans the female controls the gender of the offspring, and in birds the male controls the gender.
In humans and birds the female controls the gender of all the offspring.
A virgin pine forest covers a valley, and one of the inhabitants is a red squirrel species. A large volcanic eruption occurs and separates the valley with a huge lava flow, thus producing two populations of squirrels. What must occur for the two populations of squirrels to be considered separate species?
The fur color or other morphological characteristic of the two squirrel populations must become distinct.
The environment must change so that the populations exist in distinct habitats.
The two squirrel populations must feed on different species of plants.
The two squirrel populations must select mates using different behaviors.
The two squirrel populations must be reproductively isolated.
Where do the male gametophytes (pollen grains) develop in most of the pines?
They develop from a type of spore called a microspore that is produced by meiosis in male cones that typically develop on high branches in clusters.
They develop from a type of spore called a megaspore that is produced by meiosis in male cones that typically develop on high branches in clusters.
They develop from a type of spore called a megaspore that is produced by meiosis in male cones that typically develop on low branches in clusters.
They develop from a type of spore called a microspore that is produced by meiosis in male cones that typically develop on low branches in clusters.
Which of the statements below is true regarding the pattern of inheritance in the pedigree?
It is X-linked recessive; all the sons of the affected daughter would be affected.
It is autosomal dominant; the children with one affected parent have a 50% chance of inheriting the allele.
It is X-linked dominant; the daughter of the affected son is also affected.
It is autosomal recessive; the children of the affected son are not affected.
Women with X-linked disorders always pass the genes for the disorder to ______, while men with X-linked disorders always pass the genes for the disorder to _______.
only their daughters; only their daughters
both their daughters and sons; their daughters and sons
both their daughters and sons; only their daughters
both their daughters and sons; only their sons
The diploid cell above undergoes meiosis, but no crossing over occurs. What is the probability of a gamete receiving the KMGH allele combination?
50%
12.5%
25%
33%
The diploid cell above undergoes meiosis, but no crossing over occurs. What is the probability of a gamete receiving the KmGH allele combination?
12.5%
25%
33%
0%
What is the term for one of the three-part units composing the segment of DNA above?
Nucleic acid
Purine
Pyrimidine
Nucleotide
The 5’ is indicating
a specific phosphate molecule.
a specific carbon atom in the sugar.
the location of the bonding of a nitrogen base.
the location of the next hydrogen bond.
The antiparallel nature of this molecule is indicated by
the sugar’s orientation which is shown by the carbon numbering.
the three bonds between guanine and cytosine.
the position of the phosphates.
the guanine/cytosine position.
The above graphs show the change in body size of the horse and its ancestors, perhaps due to changes in the environment from forests to grasslands. What process is most likely at work here?
Reproductive isolation
Disruptive selection
Directional selection
Stabilizing selection
From the graphs, it can be concluded that
small bodies were selected for, and large size was selected against.
the mean body size was selected for, and the extremes were selected against.
both large and small body size were selected for by the environment.
large body size was selected for, and small size was selected against.
The above diagram provides a good example of
inheritance of acquired traits.
vestigial structures.
homologous structures.
analogous structures.
Which term would be appropriately used to describe the fossil Basilosaurus?
transitional
incomplete
modified
convergent
Based on the diagram, which adaptations to living in water occurred to produce the modern whale?
An increase in red blood cells to store oxygen
A specialized organ for osmoregulation
Movement of the nasal opening from the tip of the nose to the top of the head
Development of gills to supplement lung function
If you had a fossil of a whale ancestor that was 30 million years old, you would predict
more teeth than Basilosaurus.
more limbs than Basilosaurus.
a hind limb smaller than Basilosaurus, but larger than the Right whale.
a hind limb larger than Basilosaurus, but larger than the Right whale.
In the Galapagos Islands, there are three different species of boobies: masked, blue-footed, and red-footed. The red-footed species has several morphs. In the white morph, most of the feathers are white, with tips of the tail and wings black. There is also a brown morph. Each of three different species of boobies has a unique courtship dance that involves lifting their spectacular feet.
How do female blue-footed boobies recognize the males of their species?
Habitat isolation
Temporal isolation
Behavioral isolation
Zygote mortality
The above apparatus was the experimental design of a classic experiment performed by
Charles Darwin.
Sidney Fox.
Cairns-Smith.
Miller and Urey.
What were the results of the experiment?
Large biological macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids were produced.
The experiment provided conclusive proof that this was how early biochemical compounds must have formed.
No important biochemical substances could be generated.
A variety of amino acids were generated this way.
What were the results of the experiment?
Large biological macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids were produced.
The experiment provided conclusive proof that this was how early biochemical compounds must have formed.
A variety of amino acids were generated this way.
No important biochemical substances could be generated.
The position of the continents today is quite different from that shown in the diagram. Which statement best explains how that change has occurred?
Constant volcanic action on the continents has propelled them in a circular direction.
The continents are continually being pushed together by the mass of oceanic waters on its coast.
The continents have been pushed apart.
Continual bombardment of the earth by large meteors moves the continents out of position.
Which of the structures in the diagram is exchanged during conjugation?
cillia
micronucleus
Contractile vacuole
Macronucleus
Which structure in the diagram above helps maintain water balance?
Contractile vacuole
Food vacuole
Oral grove
Gullet
Which structure is used for collecting food particles?
Macronucleus
Food vacuole
Gullet
Oral groove
You are a forensic technician working on a DNA sample obtained from a crime scene. Your job is to compare the unknown DNA sample with known DNA samples collected from five different suspects. Preliminary analysis using only a few DNA markers revealed that the unknown sample could possibly match two of the suspects. After consulting the case file, you find out that these two suspects are brothers (but not twins). You realize that you will have to do a more detailed analysis on the samples so that you can distinguish between the brothers and determine which brothers' DNA matches the unknown sample.
Why can't you use mitochondrial DNA to distinguish between these two suspects?
Because mitochondrial DNA is inherited in a paternal pattern.
The brothers share the same mitochondrial DNA.
The sequence of mitochondrial DNA has not yet been determined.
There are no molecular techniques available that allow one to analyze mitochondrial DNA.
