Queen Elizabeth licensed this group of people to attack Spanish ships

With a charter from Queen Elizabeth to explore the American coastline, this man landed his ships on Roanoke Island near North Carolina

This group in Virginia was the first example of representative democracy in the New World

This Member of Parliament founded Maryland as a colony where Catholics could practice their religion without persecution

This Englishman was the leader of the Pilgrims at Plymouth

This Native American taught the Pilgrims how to use the environment to meet their needs

People whose religious beliefs differ from the majority

A Separatist who challenged Puritan authority in Massachusetts. He moved south and founded Providence, Rhode Island where religious differences were tolerated

The document established by Parliament that limited the powers of the king and listed the rights that were guaranteed to the English citizens

First written constitution of the American colonies

First form of direct democracy / self-government in the American colonies

Most important industries in the New England Colonies which were marketed in the Caribbean

Credit slips English merchants gave to the planters for their sugar cane

The exchange of natural resources and manufactured goods between Europe, Africa, and the Caribbean

Skilled workers who know how to manufacture specific goods

Most important industries in the Middle Colonies

Dutch merchants hired this English navigator to find a route through North America to the Pacific Ocean

Name of the major Dutch settlement on Manhattan Island

This Quaker founded the colony of Pennsylvania in order to grant religious and political freedom to everyone there

“City of Brotherly Love”

Name of the first permanent settlement in South Carolina

This colony was established by James Oglethorpe as a place for English debtors to start over rather than to be imprisoned for their debts

Obstacle that caused North Carolina to develop very slowly as a Colony

Main cash crops of the Southern Colonies

Large commercial, agricultural, Southern estates

Poor, unemployed tenant farmers willing to sell their labor for a chance to acquire their own land

Name for the wealthy, Southern, planter elite who owned large amounts of land

Farming only enough crops to feed one’s own family

Southern, back-country farmers who worked small plots of land

By 1870 between 10 and 12 million Africans were forcibly taken from West Africa and transported across the Atlantic Ocean to America on a journey over this route

A set of laws that regulated slavery and defined the relationship between enslaved Africans and free people

A view of the world economy in which believers think that having a greater number of exports than imports would result in more gold and silver flowing into their country

1660 law passed by Parliament requiring that all goods imported or exported from the colonies be transported on English ships

Colony owned and controlled by the King of England

First appointed governor of the Dominion of New England

The 1688, bloodless, change of power in which King James II fled and William of Orange with his wife, Mary, assumed the throne

Author of the book, Two Treatises of Government, in which he asserted that all people were born with the natural rights of life, liberty, and property

The independent African culture with its own language that resulted as a result of their isolation from white planters

The event in which enslaved Africans banded together to resist the slaveholders in South Carolina resulting in the death of 30 to 40 Africans

The European cultural movement that challenged the authority of the Church in science and philosophy and elevated the power of human reason

Emphasis on logic and reasoning

Influential Enlightenment writer who argued that to protect people’s liberties, a government should be separated into different branches to provide checks and balances against one another

An emphasis on an individual’s devoutness and emotional union with God

Large public meetings held for preaching and prayer

An over whelming renewal of religious feelings that occurred among a large group of people as a response to a declining religious fervor

An important Minister during the Great Awakening who preached the sermon “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”

A group of North Carolina colonists who disappeared during the Anglo-Spanish War, three years after the last shipment of supplies from England

Name for the German immigrants that arrived for religious freedom and became prosperous farmers

These immigrants came to the colonies to escape rising taxes, poor harvests, and religious discrimination and they became backcountry farmers or they migrated to the western frontier.

The legislative body of England composed of a House of Commons and a House of Lords

An English policy of relaxing the enforcement of regulations in its colonies in return for the colonies’ continued economic loyalty

Crop grown by a farmer for sale rather than for personal use

A person who becomes the property of others

An order in which Britain prohibited its American colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains

A trade law enacted by Parliament in 1764 in an attempt to reduce smuggling in the British colonies in North America

An English governing organization that united the New England colonies into a single administrative unit from 1686 to 1689 led by Sir Edmond Andros

An African in London, a freed slave who supported the British movement to end the slave trade. His autobiography was considered influential in ending the African trade for Britain and its colonies.

He was a leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat. He proposed a broad Plan of Union for the colonies and illustrated his plan with a famous political cartoon of a divided snake.

An English Anglican Cleric who preached a series of revivals that came to be known as the "Great Awakening." He worked diligently to raise money to build and support an orphanage in Georgia.

A series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693. The trials resulted in the executions of 20 people, most of them women.

Hoping to lower the debt, King George III chose this financial expert to serve as Prime Minister in 1763. In 1764 he prompted Parliament to enact a law known as the Sugar Act.

The area colonized by France in North America during a period beginning with the exploration of the Saint Lawrence River by Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of the area to Spain and Great Britain in 1763.

Posted his 95 Theses on the door of Wittenberg Cathedral

With assistance from the Powhatan Confederacy, this man led the Jamestown settlement

This Jamestown colonist developed a strain of tobacco that was marketable in England – He married Pocahontas

This person was declared a heretic, banished from Massachusetts for challenging Puritan practices, and founded the town of Portsmouth

Name of the 1678 event in which the colonists defeated the Wampanoags leaving very few Native Americans in New England

Opposition to war or violence as a means of resolving conflict

The Governor of Virginia in the mid-1600’s

This wealthy planter organized a militia of backcountry farmers in 1676. He criticized the Virginia governor’s administration, accusing him of levying unfair taxes, appointing friends to high positions, and failing to protect outlying farmers from Indian attack. He and his militia fought the governor’s forces in Jamestown.

Scientist who conducted a successful experimental treatment to prevent smallpox by inoculating people against the disease

Armed conflict in 1637 and 1638 between a Native American tribe and an alliance of the English colonists of the Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies and their Native American allies: the Narragansett and Mohegan tribes

Form of business organization in which investors pool funds to raise large amounts of money for large projects – such as purchasing land for a colony

A colony owned by an individual or a group stockholders

Separatists who journeyed to the American colonies in the 1600s for religious freedom

First English child born in the New World colonies

Puritans believed in this idea that every worshipper should experience God directly through faith, prayer, and Bible study — instead of through services conducted by Church priests

English landowners converted their estates into sheep farms and fenced in the land

The move in 1660 by Parliament asking Charles II to take the throne of England

Three major Naval Store products produced in North Carolina. The products are made from the long leaf pine tree.

In order to get more colonists to come to Virginia, the Virginia Company introduced this system in which settlers who paid their own passage to Virginia received 50 acres of land for each family member over 15 years old.