WorksheetsPrison and Corrections Fall 2018 Exam 2
Total questions: 47
Worksheet time: 24mins
A court-prepared document that investigates an offender's background in order to determine punishment is a(n)
appeal.
correctional brief.
presentence report.
background report.
A successful white businessman is sentenced to serve one year of probation for selling drugs, while a 22-year-old unemployed African-American male who never graduated high school is given five years in a prison for the same crime. This is an example of
good-time policies.
sentencing disparity.
administrative sentencing.
presumptive sentencing.
An appellate court cannot reverse the factual finding of the trial court unless
there was a substantial error of law.
a petition to the U.S. Supreme Court is made.
the case has been remanded.
the court of last resort weighs in.
An appellate court may ________ a case and send it back to the original court for consideration.
remand
affirm
repeal
reverse
As a result of Gideon v. Wainwright (1963),
Miranda rights were activated.
there was a surge in appeals.
"jailhouse lawyers" became the norm.
there was a surge in 14th Amendment filings.
As a result of Johnson v. Avery (1969),
there was a surge in 14th Amendment filings.
there was a surge in appeals.
Miranda rights were activated.
"jailhouse lawyers" were legally permitted.
Due process has been a constitutional right since the passage of the
14th Amendment.
15th Amendment.
13th Amendment.
12th Amendment.
In 2005, the Supreme Court ruled that the Federal Guidelines violated the Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial because
juries had been given too much power.
juries had not been selected fairly in the first place.
judges were asked to consider facts not originally presented to a jury.
defendants had not initially been given a fair jury trial.
One of the main problems with the sentencing decision is that
reform options have been designed to limit judicial discretion.
judges tend to ignore sentencing recommendations in presentence reports.
judges may be penalized if there are too many appeals of their sentences.
judges are required to predict human behavior.
One problem with the increasing geriatric prison population is that
medical care costs can skyrocket.
it seems to cause an increase in violence.
it seems to cause a decrease in deterrence.
prison staff struggle to punish elderly inmates.
The concept that describes the various sentencing options in the criminal justice system is
the correctional funnel.
prosecution.
sentencing disparity.
plea bargaining.
The formal or informal violation of an accused person's civil rights that leads to unjustified punishment is a concept known as
presumptive sentencing.
railroading.
due process.
sentencing disparity.
The presentence report is used for all of the following except
the probation and parole processes.
potential future appeals.
the initial arrest process.
making sentencing decisions.
Which of the following eliminates the ability of parole boards to release prisoners before their sentences, minus good time, have expired?
Presumptive sentencing
Sentencing guidelines
Determinate sentencing
Mandatory prison terms
Which of the following is not a reason for plea bargaining?
Overcrowding in jails and prisons
Limited resources
Suspects claiming innocence
High caseloads
Which of the following statements regarding the effect of "deterrence by sentencing" on the crime rate in the United States and Canada is true?
Rates of crime vary greatly between countries and it is impossible to compare the two.
Rates of crime in both countries actually increased with increased imprisonment.
Rates of crime seem to remain unaffected by deterrence by sentencing in both countries.
Rates of crime decreased with increased imprisonment, as expected.
Which of the following statements regarding the impact of new sentencing structures and practices is true?
The discretionary power of many prosecutors has decreased.
Prison populations will begin to decrease started to decrease.
Judges' discretionary power has decreased.
Judges no longer have any discretion in sentencing decisions.
Which of the following statements regarding the restructuring of the sentencing process in the 1970s is false?
Prisoners began to express their discontent through increased uprisings.
Research identified significant sentencing disparity.
Determinate sentencing began to replace indeterminate sentencing.
The ideology and practice of rehabilitation was challenged.
Who has the most discretionary power to dismiss or reduce charges prior to the trial?
The police
Victims' advocates
Judges
Prosecutors
________ involves filing an appeal in the federal system before the state case has been decided.
Collateral attack
Due process
Presumptive sentencing
Reversal
If an offender is arrested by the police for an alleged new offense while on probation, the first response of the court will be
to hold a probation revocation hearing.
to impose a technical probation violation.
to impose a lengthy and punitive sentence of incarceration.
to immediately revoke probation.
Legislators enacting early probation statutes
intended them to apply to juvenile offenders and misdemeanants.
allowed probation to be an option for all categories of crime.
first applied probation to adult offenders and later extended it to juveniles.
directed them towards hard-core criminal offenders.
Probation is most commonly used for which type of crime?
Violent offenses
Weapons offenses
Drug offenses
It is used equally for all types of crimes.
Research suggests that recidivism can be reduced among offenders on probation if they
are placed on high levels of intensive supervision.
are given economic sanctions while on probation
are placed on a large number of specific conditions of probation.
are given treatment and services specific to their risk and need factors.
Stopping formal processing of an offender and taking no further action if the offender abstains from further criminal activity is called
benefit of clergy.
right of sanctuary.
probation.
suspended sentence.
Suspending both the imposition and execution of a sentence may be more desirable than supervised probation because
it reduces the level of stigma attached to the offender.
it is a more serious type of punishment.
it allows the offender to claim benefit of clergy.
it prevents recidivism.
Technical probation violations do not include
a return to crime.
drug abuse.
a poor attitude.
failure to comply.
The main goal of broken windows probation is increased
programs involving intensive therapy.
training and employment opportunities.
levels of surveillance and monitoring.
communication between probation officers and the community.
The primary duty of a probation agency is to provide
counseling
surveillance
supervision
rehabilitation
The primary purpose of STICS and EPICS is
training
investigation
communication
intervention
Which is not a form of surveillance for offenders on probation?
Substance abuse treatment
Field contacts
Drug testing
Electronic monitoring
Which of the following factors increases the likelihood that the judge will impose probation over a sentence of incarceration?
The offender has prior convictions.
The offender committed a non-violent offense.
The offender committed a stranger-to-stranger crime.
The offender has indicators of mental illness.
Which of the following is a general condition of probation that is imposed on all offenders?
Vocational training
Not leaving the jurisdiction without prior approval
Regular or random urine testing
Electronic monitoring
Which of the following statements regarding John Augustus is false?
His work led to the first probation statute in Massachusetts.
He focused on attempting to rehabilitate serious offenders who could not make bail or pay fines.
He founded the processes of investigation, intake, and supervision.
He provided an early form of probation supervision for minor offenders and alcoholics.
Which of the following was not a finding of the Supreme Court in Gagnon v. Scarpelli?
Offenders must be given written notice of the scheduled hearing.
Offenders have the right to probation.
Offenders have the right to present evidence and argue their case.
Probation cannot be revoked without a hearing.
An intensive supervision probation program is ________ than traditional probation.
less costly
more rigorous
less humane
more successful
Community service work
provides offenders with valuable vocational training.
pays offenders for their service so they can make restitution to victims.
tend to have very low completion rates.
allows offenders to help repair the harm caused by their crimes.
Diversion programs are most effective when they are
integrated into a community-based correctional system with many levels of supervision and custody.
used with large groups of offenders at the same time.
administered by the police prior to the offender's entry into the court system.
implemented after the trial phase of the criminal justice system process.
Efforts to reduce recidivism among offenders released from confinement need to
emphasize offender-based approaches.
support evidence-based programs.
invest in effective prison-based practices and policies.
give equal attention and equal resources to all offenders.
Goals of electronic monitoring include all of the following except
promoting public safety.
providing a cost-effective way of supervising offenders in the community.
administering sanctions appropriate to the seriousness of the crime.
expanding the use of technology in the criminal justice system.
Halfway houses were originally designed as residences for
juvenile delinquents.
alcoholics.
unmarried pregnant women.
homeless men.
Home detention is an example of
rehabilitation.
diversion.
punishment.
parole.
In a study of nonresidential community correctional programs, which of the following characteristics was found to be associated with higher levels of effectiveness?
Having a lower proportion of high-risk offenders
Ensuring longer amounts of time in treatment for high-risk offenders
Having similar levels of supervision for high- and low-risk offenders
Including a shock probation component in the program
In general, research into boot camps suggest that they
segregate offenders by risk level.
successfully decrease recidivism among minority youth.
result in higher levels of recidivism than traditional probation.
target crime-producing needs of participants.
Restitution does not
help to offset the victim's financial losses due to the crime.
force offenders to accept personal responsibility for their crimes.
assist victims in obtaining revenge on their offenders.
help encourage reconciliation of the offender and victim.
The "what works" movement shows that well-designed community corrections programs can reduce
rigidity.
reactivity.
risk.
recidivism.
The goal of diversion is to
minimize the number of offenders in the justice system.
divert the attention of the community away from corrections.
deter potential offenders from future criminal behavior.
decrease the number of crimes committed in a given community.
