Which of the following software license agreements allows users to use, modify , and sell or give away source code without the payment of royalties to the original developer?

A component that executes program instructions

A technology used in flat-screen displays.

A memory device for temporary storage of data and programs.

Allows perfect reconstruction of the original data from the compressed data.

Generally achieves a greater compression ratio.

Is more appropriate for streaming

Why might a developer embed a script in HTML code

Which of the following best describes an appropriate use of a wireless communication technology?

In the digital world, businesses and individuals often need to decide between local and cloud based storage options. Each option has trade-offs. Cloud storage can be a risk to businesses and individuals because it often has less__________________________________& ___________________

Select all that apply.

A software application that sends encrypted data over the Internet uses a popular pseudorandom number generator. The application uses a seed value of 1024. Which of the following statements about the application must be true?

Which of the following is an example of crowdsourcing?

A city is conducting a census. A variety of data are collected from each household in the city, including information about incomes, levels of education, ages, and races of the members of the household. However, to be anonymous, names and addresses are not collected. Which of the following best describes a valid visualization of the census data using a spreadsheet?

Consider the following pseudocode procedure, where the index of the integer array x starts at 0.

// precondition: 0 ≤ y < z < the length of the integer array x

int sumItems ( int[] x, int y, int z )

int s ← 0

int i ←y

while ( i < z )

s ←s + x[i]

i ← i + 1

end while

return s

end sumItems

Consider the following code segment.

int[] a ← {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

int r ← sumItems ( a, 2, 5 ) + sumItems ( a, 4, 6 )

What is the value of r after the code segment is executed?

Consider the following method for a class Closet. Assume Closet objects contain Hanger objects and Shoe objects.

Method : void update ( int z, String w )

Explanation : Adds Hanger or Shoe objects to the Closet object.

If the value of w is "a", then z Hanger objects are added.

If the value of w is "r", then z Shoe objects are added. Otherwise, nothing is done.

Given that a Closet object myCloset has been declared and initialized, which of the following method calls is the correct way to add 10 Shoe objects to myCloset ?

Consider a plaintext string that consists of uppercase letters. A certain encryption algorithm replaces each letter in the string with a cipher text letter to create a cipher text string as follows. The algorithm selects the letter that is to be replaced. Using the uppercase English alphabet, the algorithm moves a fixed number of positions from the selected letter, in increasing alphabetical order. If the algorithm reaches the end of the English alphabet, it wraps around and continues from the beginning of the alphabet.

Consider the following line of code, which implements the replacement of the selected plaintext uppercase letter ltr, where offset is the fixed number of positions.

ltr ← ( ( ( ltr - 'A' ) + offset ) % 26 ) + 'A'



If offset has the value 3 and the plaintext string has the value "SAY", what is the value of the cipher text string produced by the algorithm?

Which one of the five pillars of cybersecurity is the following example a violation of: A hospital posts all patient medical records on its public Web site.

Which one of the five pillars of cybersecurity is the following example a violation of:A student uses a bug in a teacher’s grade-book software to change all student grades to As.

Which one of the five pillars of cybersecurity is the following example a violation of: Access to a company’s Web site is slowed because of a denial of service (DoS) attack.

An employee changes the modification metadata of a file to claim credit for the work of someone else. Which pillar of cybersecurity is this a violation of?

Which pillar of cybersecurity is this a violation of?

A private investigator uses a copy of a coworker’s fingerprint to gain access to a computer with a biometric fingerprint sensor.

Which of the following is a factor that affects the size of a digital audio file?

Consider a program written in an object-oriented programming language. Which of the following statements are true if class B is a child class of parent class A ?

Select all that apply.

Procedure: double random ()

Explanation: Returns a double value from 0 up to (but not including) 1. The return value is a pseudorandom number with an approximately uniform distribution; that is, each double value in the range [0, 1) is approximately equally likely to be returned.

Procedure: int round ( double x )

Explanation: Rounds x to the nearest integer value. Values of x exactly between two integers (e.g., 4.5) are rounded up.

A student wants to write an expression that will generate a random integer between 5 and 10, inclusive. The generated integer should take on values 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 with approximately equal likelihood. The student writes the expression below.

round ( random () * 5 ) + 5

The expression fails to generate a random integer with the properties described above. Which of the following describes how the integers generated by the expression differ from the intended result?

A traveler is keeping a digital photo journal. When the journal is ready, it will be posted on an Internet Web site that offers controlled access. Which of the following presents the greatest risk to the traveler’s privacy?

Which of the following is an advantage of cloud-based storage?

A homeowner wants to determine how changes in temperature affect the relative humidity in the homeowner’s basement. The homeowner installs a sensor in the basement that monitors the temperature and relative humidity and sends the data to the homeowner’s smartphone every hour. After collecting the data for 48 hours, the homeowner enters the data into a spreadsheet program. Which of the following visualizations is the most appropriate for the analysis of the data?

Match the data descriptions with the four data types for the following: A dollar amount

Match the data descriptions with the four data types for the following: The state of a check box

Match the data descriptions with the four data types for the following: A Year

Match the data descriptions with the four data types for the following: A name

Consider an integer array A of length n, where the index of the array starts at 0, and all the elements in the array are positive. For which of the following code segments is the value of sum at the completion of the code segment less than the sum of all the values in array A ?

Which of the following is the most effective way to prevent a successful cyberattack of a computer system?

The data in the following spreadsheet are the responses to one question of a survey that asked, “How many siblings do you have?” The survey was given to five small groups A–E. Three responses were obtained from each group.

In order to calculate the average number of siblings, some of the data in the cells must first be modified. Other data cannot be modified and therefore must be removed. Which of the following cells must be removed?

Select all that apply.

Consider the following two code segments.

Which of the following best describes the type of programming languages used in code segments A and B?

Which of the following is an example of single sign-on (SSO) ?

A program has been stored in memory and is ready to be executed. The three steps in the fetch-decode-execute cycle are shown below.

The program counter is a counter that stores the memory location of the next instruction to be executed.

Executing the instruction Fetching and decoding the instruction Incrementing the program counter.

Assume the three-step cycle for the previous instruction has just completed. In which of the following orders must these three steps be performed to complete the next instruction?

As part of a class project, students are downloading population data from a Web site. Which of the following file formats would be best if the students plan to write programs to analyze the data?

Which of the following data types is the best choice when declaring a variable that will be used to store a worker’s hourly wage and that will be used to calculate the worker’s total weekly earnings?

Each employee of a company is assigned a unique identification number. All of the identification numbers are stored using 32 bits. For example, one employee has the identification number 1001 0110 0000 1110 1010 0101 1111 0000. Which of the following statements about the identification numbers is true?

For the following question, select all the answer choices that apply.

To teach students in a Java class about List objects, a teacher gave the students an assignment to design and implement a program that randomly selects cards out of a deck to simulate a five-card-draw poker game. As the students were working on the assignment, the professor received feedback from some of the students. Which of the following pieces of student feedback are reasonable examples of obstacles to equal access to completing the assignment?

Which of the following statements best describes a difference between code written in a high-level programming language and code written in a low-level programming language?

Which of the following is the best way to obtain end-user feedback as part of the process of developing a Web site?

Place the four numbers in order from least to greatest. Drag each number to the correct box.

The Caesar cipher, also known as a shift cipher, encrypts words by replacing each letter in the word with a letter that is a fixed number of positions forward in the alphabet. At the end of the alphabet, the cipher wraps around to the beginning of the alphabet. For instance, with a shift of 2, the word “zoo” is encrypted as “bqq.” For a student learning cryptography, which of the following activities best demonstrates the vulnerabilities of the Caesar cipher encryption technique?

An algorithm was written for drawing the part of a line segment that lies within a given drawing window. The algorithm takes advantage of the fact that there are simple tests to determine if a line segment lies entirely inside or outside the window. For efficiency, the algorithm only finds where a line segment intersects the window’s border when these tests are both negative. This algorithm is representative of which of the following common approaches to solving problems?

Taking massive open online courses (MOOCs) is one example of using the Internet for education. MOOCs allow students from all parts of the world to take a course simultaneously. Some MOOCs are managed by private organizations and others by colleges and universities. Which of the following statements is true about the positive and negative impacts of online learning using MOOCs?

Consider the following incomplete procedure, which is intended to return the index of the smallest element in the nonempty integer array data. The index of the first element of data is 0 and length is the number of elements in data. For example, if the value of array data is {6, 7, 8, 1, 9}, the procedure is intended to return 3, the index of the array element that contains the smallest value, 1. If there are duplicates of the smallest value in the array, then the procedure returns the index of the first occurrence of the smallest value.

int postionofSmallestValue (int[] data, int length )

int guess <-- 0

for ( int I <-- 1, i <length, i <--i + 1)

/* missing code segment */

end for

return guess

end positionofSmallestValue

Which of the following code segments could replace /* missing code segment */ so that positionOfSmallestValue works as intended?

Which of the following best describes an essential characteristic that can be used to distinguish a recursive algorithm from a nonrecursive algorithm?

A major technology company has millions of users and has collected a great deal of information about them through various means, including surveys and cookies. Which of the following uses of the data would be the most ethical?

A programmer wrote the following pseudocode segment. Assume that int variables are stored as 32-bit two’s complement binary numbers.

The negative value surprises the programmer. Which of the following best explains the unexpected negative value?

The pseudocode segment below is intended to count all the even numbers in the integer array numbers, but the code segment contains an error.

Which of the following best describes the error in the code segment?

Consider the following incomplete pseudocode segment, which is intended to draw the pattern shown on grid R:

setPosition ( 5, 5 )

/* missing code */

Which of the following could replace /* missing code */ so that the pseudocode segment works as intended?

Put in the correct order from lowest to highest abstraction

Which of the following is the decimal representation of the sum of binary numbers 1011 and 1011 ?

Two people with access to the same bank account made two separate withdrawals from the account. They made the withdrawals at the same time but at two separate bank branches. At the time of the withdrawals, the account had $400. Both people checked the account balance before making their withdrawal and saw that it was $400. One person withdrew $200, and the other person withdrew $250. Both transactions were successful. Later, the two people each received an e-mail from the bank saying that the account was overdrawn. Which of the following best describes the error in the bank software that caused this problem?

Which of the following is most likely to be permitted as fair use?

A teacher wants to arrange 32 students in groups of 4 using the following process. Each student in the class ranks the other students in order of preference. After finding all possible groups of 4, the ranking data are used to determine the average of each group member’s satisfaction with other group members to determine the best possible solution, which consists of the highest average satisfaction rating for all students. In a class of 32 students, there are approximately 5.9×10¹⁹

different possible groupings. Which of the following best describes the computational limitations of a program designed to implement this process?

A software developer is designing a simulation of city street traffic over a 24-hour period. As part of the design, the simulation will use a variable that represents the amount of time, in hours, that elapses between the entry of successive cars onto the street. During a run of the simulation, which of the following best describes what values should be assigned to the variable in order to create the most realistic simulation?

Which of the following best describes how network load and latency change as more devices are connected to the Internet in a home network?

or the following question, select all the answer choices that apply.

Which of the following are examples of a digital divide?

Select all that apply.

BC.A family finds that its broadband Internet connection is slower when the three children in the household simultaneously access the Internet.

A programmer is writing a program to display the even numbers 2 through 10. The program will contain the following statements

Which of the following shows the five numbered statements in correct order so that the program works as intended?

Suppose a computer uses the following encoding scheme to store signed decimal numbers using 4 bits. The signed decimal numbers that can be stored in this manner range from −8 to 7, inclusive. The following table shows the mapping of each decimal number in that range to its corresponding binary representation. To add two decimal numbers using this encoding scheme, each number is first converted to its binary representation. The two binary representations are added, using binary addition. The decimal result is the number corresponding to the binary sum. In this encoding scheme, any overflow digit is ignored.

For the encoding scheme shown in the table, what decimal number is the result of adding the decimal numbers 5 and 6 ?

In an online scam, a bank customer receives an e-mail warning of suspicious activity on the customer’s account. The e-mail asks the customer to click on a link in the e-mail, which, the e-mail claims, will allow the customer to log into his or her account and verify his or her identity. The e-mail has the look and feel of a legitimate e-mail, but the link points to a malicious Web site. Which of the following best describes the scam?

Which of the following features would be the most beneficial for Deaf people who are accessing a Web site?

An employee regularly transfers collections of videos from a recording device to an external hard drive. One day, the total amount of data to be transferred was 30 gigabytes. If the employee used a USB 2.0 connection with a transfer rate of 480 megabits/second, which of the following is closest to the total transfer time needed for the 30 gigabytes of data? (Note: 1 byte = 8 bits; 1 megabit = 2²⁰ bits;

1 gigabyte = 2³⁰ bytes.)

Although self-driving cars have imperfect driving records, the potential benefits could outweigh the costs. Which of the following statements best explains why research to improve self-driving cars is worthwhile?

Consider the following pseudocode procedure header.

int average ( int a, int b, int c )

Which of the following is a valid call to the procedure average ?

Using 8-bit ASCII, the 2-character string message "Hi" is encoded as 01001000 01101001. If each 8-bit binary code of the message is encrypted using the 8-bit key 11010011 and an XOR operation, which of the following represents the encrypted message?

ASCII is a character encoding standard that uses 7-bit binary numbers to represent each character. The following table shows four ASCII characters and the decimal number associated with each character.

Consider the pseudocode segment with integer variables below, where the arithmetic expression contains mismatched parentheses.

int x ← ( r + 4 * ( t - 3 ) / 2

Which of the following statements best describes the type of error that would result, in most high-level programming languages, from mismatched parentheses like those in the arithmetic expression?

The general form of an Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4) address is nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn, where nnn is an 8-bit integer. The general form of an Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) address is:

HHHH:HHHH:HHHH:HHHH:HHHH:HHHH:HHHH:HHHH, where each H is a hexadecimal digit. Which of the following is a true statement about the relationship between the number of possible IPv4 addresses and the number of possible IPv6 addresses?

Which of the following best describes a situation in which a heuristic should be used to find a solution?

Which of the following is a primary difference between encoding and encryption?

Which THREE of the following are factors that contribute to the digital divide?

Which of the following is an example of the Internet of Things (IoT) ?

Which of the following best describes the average running time of a linear search algorithm and a binary search algorithm on a sorted array of integers, in terms of the length of the array?

Linear Search Binary Search

Integrated development environments (IDEs) contain programming tools to help developers create software. Which of the following describes an IDE feature and its intended purpose?

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of encoding?

What is the maximum number of distinct symbols that could appear in the hexadecimal representation of a positive integer?

Which of the following is the best reason to use named constants instead of hard-coded values in a program?

An e-commerce site asks users to input a shipping address. A United States address consists of the street name and number, the city, the two-character state/territory abbreviation, and the ZIP code. Once the information has been entered, it must be validated. To eliminate some of the validation, the designers decide to ask users to choose the two-character state/territory code from a pull-down menu containing all legal codes. What additional validation must be performed on the state/territory code?

A major technology company has millions of users and has collected a great deal of information about them through various means, including surveys and cookies. Which of the following uses of the data would be the most ethical?

Which of the following best describes an essential characteristic that can be used to distinguish a recursive algorithm from a nonrecursive algorithm?