The Mayans were centered in the Yucatan Peninsula, created the concept of zero, and had and advanced calendar.

The Aztecs were not known for their human sacrifices.

The Incas lived along the Andes Mountains, had an accurate census, and developed and advanced system of routes.

The Hopis lived the northeastern portion of the United States

The Moundbuilders built their mounds in the shapes of birds and serpents.

Cahokia was a very small village with a population of 20 to 40 inhabitants

The Europeans that settled in the New World were polytheistic and believed in communal ownership of the land.

The Vikings first colony in the Atlantic would be in Vinland

Whereas Eric the Red discovered Vinland, Leif Ericsson discovered Greenland.

The Vikings became the first Europeans to reach North America.

The Middle Ages featured an environment that catered to exploration.

The Italian Renaissance promoted a rebirth in culture and a an intense curiosity for exploration.

Christopher Columbus quickly discovered that he reached a New World and knew immediately that he was not in Asia.

Vasco de Gama reached India in 1498 while sailing for the Portuguese.

Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand sponsored the voyage of Christopher Columbus as the rulers of Portugal

The island San Salvador would become known as Columbus

The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World and New World would become known as the Columbus Exchange

Whereas Cortes conquered the Incas, Pizarro conquered the Aztecs

The system whereby Spanish conquistadores enslaved the natives became known as the encomienda system

Bartolome de las Casas praised the Spanish treatment of the natives.

Whereas Jacques Cartier established Quebec, Samuel de Champlain established Montreal

Robert de la Salle established Louisiana for the French by sailing down the Mississippi River

Martin Luther began the Protestant Reformation when he protested the Catholic Church in 1517

Henry VIII established the Church of England because he wanted a divorce, but his daughter, Elizabeth I would become an even more powerful ruler than him.

Francis Drake was a famous British sea dog that stole gold from Spanish ships

The Spanish Armada was victorious over England in 1588

Sir Walter Raleigh established the colony of Roanoke with John White as the leader of the colony.

Although the disappearance of the colonists at Roanoke frustrated England, Richard Hakluyt kept the dream alive of colonization through his writing

Whereas the Puritans believed the Church of England could be saved, the Separatists did not

The Enclosure Movement would see sheep migrating to the cities in search of work

Whereas James I was the king of England when Jamestown was formed, Charles the I would start a war with Parliament known as the English Civil War

During the English Civil War Charles I had Parliament's leader Oliver Cromwell executed.

During the period of Restoration, the monarchy was reestablished with Charles II placed on the throne

The Virginia colony was established by a joint stock company

Jamestown was saved by John Smith and Pocahontas

During the Starving Time, some colonists in Jamestown resorted to cannibalism

John Rolfe developed a suitable strain of tobacco in Virginia

Under the head right system, 5000 acres of land was granted for each paid passage to Virginia

The House of Burgesses was an early form of self-government in the colonies

Cecilius Calvert (Lord Baltimore) founded Maryland as a safe haven for Protestants

The Toleration Act of 1649 held that both Catholics and Protestants could live in Maryland

Upon landing at Plymouth, the Pilgrims signed the Mayflower Compact

The Puritans were very tolerant of diverse religious ideas

Whereas Roger Williams was removed from Massachusetts for revealing he received direct inspiration, Anne Hutchinson was removed for questioning the legitimacy of the colony

Henry Hudson played a large role in the discovery of New Netherland

New York and New York City were previously known as New Netherlands and New Amsterdam

James II (Duke of York) seized control of New Netherlands and transformed it into New York in 1664

Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret were co-founders of New Jersey

William Penn and his Quaker followers founded the colony of Pennsylvania

James Oglethorpe founded Georgia as a second chance colony for debtors

Pontiac would lead resistance against settlers in the Northwest Territory

The Proclamation Line of 1763 allowed for settlers to move past the Appalachian Mountains

Whereas the Sugar Act was a tax on sugar, the Quartering Act was passed to save money on housing expenses for British soldiers

The Stamp Act featured a tax on paper items

The Sons of Liberty would lead resistance of the Stamp Act through violence and boycotts

The Townshend Acts featured a tax on paper, lead and tea

The Boston Massacre would see hundreds of British soldiers slaughtered by angry Bostonians

The Committee of Correspondence was a communication network between the colonists and England

The Tea Act angered Boston merchants so profusely, that they dumped tea into the Boston Harbor...an event that came to be known as the Boston Tea Part

Under the Intolerable Acts, the British closed the Boston Harbor

The First Continental Congress made no attempts to reconcile with England

On their way to Concord, British Redcoats met face to face with minutemen at the Battle of Lexington

Paul Revere warned the colonists of the British march to Concord

The Second Continental Congress named George Washington to lead the Continental Army

Whereas the Loyalists were loyal to the cause of independence, the Patriots wanted to remain part of the British Empire

Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense...a pamphlet that encouraged independence from England

George III was the king of England during the American Revolution

John Locke was inspired heavily by the ideals of Thomas Jefferson when he wrote the Declaration of Independence

At the Battle of Trenton, 1000 of Washington's troops were captured by Hessian soldiers

France joined an alliance with the Patriots after the Patriot victory at the Battle of Saratoga

Washington's troops set up camp at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania

At the Battle of Yorktown, Lord Cornwallis surrendered...a loss that essentially meant the end to the Revolutionary War

Under the Treaty of Paris, England recognized the independence of the United States

The Articles of Confederation had too much control over the states and thus was replaced by a weak Constitution

The Land Ordinance of 1785 featured a system of organized settlement

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 did not allow for slavery in the Northwest Territory

Shays' Rebellion was directed at the courts in Massachusetts to stop the processing of farm foreclosures

Whereas the Virginia Plan called for equal representation amongst the states, the New Jersey Plan called for representation to be based on state population

Whereas the Great Compromise dealt with representation in Congress, the 3/5 Compromise dealt with the counting of slaves in the South

Whereas the Federalists were against the passage of the Constitution, the Anti-Federalists favored the passage of the Constitution

In order to accept Hamilton's debt assumption plan, the capitol would be moved to the future home of Washington DC

Whereas Jefferson was a strict constructionist and opposed the Bank of the US, Hamilton was a loose constructionist and used the concept of implied powers to justify the creation of the national bank

The Battle of Fallen Timbers would increase the Native American hold of the Northwest Territory

Pinckney's Treaty would NOT allow the US to navigate the Mississippi River or make use of the city of New Orleans

George Washington led troops to crush the Whiskey Rebellion

The French Revolution had no impact on American trade on the seas

Edmund Genet defied Washington's policy of neutrality when he called for the seizing of British ships

Jay's Treaty was successful in retrieving compensation for ships the British seized

Whereas Hamilton symbolized the Democratic/Republicans, Jefferson represented the Federalists

The XYZ Affair would see French diplomats seeking a bribe from American representatives

The Alien/Sedition Acts were directed at the Republican Party

The Kentucky/Virginia Resolutions proposed to nullify the Alien and Sedition Acts

Alexander Hamilton would break the tie for the presidency between Jefferson and Burr.

John Adams would appoint Federalist judges towards the end of his presidency who ultimately became known as the Morning Judges

In the case of Marbury v. Madison, Chief Justice John Marshall asserted the US Supreme Court's power of judicial review

The Louisiana Purchase would see the the US acquiring the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million

Under the Treaty of Ildefonso, Spain would acquire the Louisiana Territory from France

James Madison sent Lewis/Clark on an expedition to explore the Louisiana Territory

In a practice known as impressment, the British navy would stop American ships and search for deserters

To avoid the practice of impressment, Jefferson passed the Embargo Act of 1807

The War Hawks convinced Thomas Jefferson to push for war against England

Oliver Perry would gain a key victory against the British at Lake Michigan

After Ft. McHenry survived the bombardment of the British navy, Francis Scott Key wrote the lyrics to the Star Spangled Banner

Andrew Jackson would defeat the British at the Battle of New Orleans

The Hartford Convention would see the Federalists seek ways to improve their support of the war effort.

The Era of Good Feelings would see no political party existing but the Republican Party.

Noah Webster created an American dictionary

In the case of McCulloch vs Maryland, the Chief Justice, John Marshall argued that states could legally tax an institution of the United States

In the case of Gibbons v. Ogden, a license from the state of New York held more power than a federal license

Henry Clay's American System included: high tariffs, internal improvements, and a renewal of the national bank

Under the Treaty of 1818, the US and England agreed to share the Oregon Territory

Under the Adams/Onis Treaty the US lost Florida to Spain

Under the Monroe Doctrine, the US warned European countries not to further colonize in Asia

The Erie Canal made NYC the biggest nation in the US

The National Road extended from Maryland to Illinois

The Lancaster Turnpike connected NYC to Boston

Robert Fulton's Clermont was the nation's first locomotive train

Whereas Samuel Slater developed a textile mill in Rhode Island, Francis Lowell developed a textile mill in Massachusetts

Under the Missouri Compromise, Missouri entered the Union as a free state, and Maine entered the Union as a slave state

During the Election of 1824, John Quincy Adams was accused of offering a corrupt bargain to win this election

John Quincy Adams created the Spoils System and called for the removal of the Cherokees in Georgia

Through the establishment of a Cherokee alphabet by Seqoyah, the Cherokees created a newspaper called The Cherokee Phoenix

Whereas the Indian Removal Act called for the removal of all Native Americans in the Southeast, the removal of the Cherokees to the territory of Oklahoma became known as the Trail of Tears

The Nullification Crisis would see South Carolina ignore the Tariff of Abominations and see Jackson's vice president, John Calhoun lead the fight against this tariff

The Force Bill saw Andrew Jackson threaten to lead troops in South Carolina to enforce the tariff laws.

Despite Jackson's attempt to eliminate the national bank, Nicholas Biddle was successful in getting the 2nd Bank of the US renewed in 1836

When Martin Van Buren stepped into office, the Panic of 1838 struck the nation leaving to Whig party to dominate the Election of 1840

Since John Tyler died in office, William Henry Harrison assumed the role of the presidency in 1841