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WorksheetsChapter 4 Greek Archaic Age
Total questions: 133
Worksheet time: 1hrs 7mins
When were the first Olympic Games held?
500 BC
1000 BC
776 BC
250 BC
Where were the Olympic Games held?
Olympus
Olympia
Delphi
Athens
Which of the following was NOT a Panhellenic game?
Pythian
Nemean
Isthmian
Persian
What were the games dedicated to?
Kings
Gods
Heroes
Farmers
The Olympic Games were in honor of which god?
Poseidon
Apollo
Zeus
Athena
The Pythian Games honored which god?
Zeus
Apollo
Hera
Hades
The Isthmian Games honored:
Ares
Hades
Poseidon
Hermes
What was unique about the armored race?
They rode horses
They used shields
It was the only event with clothes
They fought each other
What law protected people attending the games?
They were given free lodging
They could not be attacked or robbed
They got tax breaks
They were given citizenship
What was a common prize for winners?
Gold coins
Weapons
Olive wreaths
Slaves
Why was olive oil a valuable prize?
It was sacred to Apollo
It was worth a lot of money
It healed wounds magically
It was rare in Greece
What is an oracle?
A priest
A person who tells fortunes
A king’s advisor
A philosopher
What was the Oracle of Delphi called?
Sibyl
Pythia
Athena
Hera
What did people consult the Oracle for?
Just marriage advice
Business, war, crops, and more
Singing competitions
Foreign trade
What sign meant Apollo was ready to give revelations?
Lightning
A bird call
A goat shuddering
A priest speaking
What had to be done before speaking to the Oracle?
Pray to Zeus
Pay money and sacrifice to Apollo
Wear special clothes
Drink wine
How might the Pythia have entered her trance?
Eating laurel leaves
Breathing toxic gases
Lack of air in the room
All of the above
How were the Oracle’s answers usually described?
Direct and specific
Vague and open to interpretation
Random nonsense
In rhyme only
Why might priests give false interpretations?
To honor Apollo
For bribes
Because they didn’t understand
They wanted to start wars
Why did Delphi become wealthy?
Olive oil trade
Oracle consultations and games
Slave markets
Fishing industry
What does the “Spartan Mirage” mean?
A desert illusion
Uncertainty about Spartan history
A famous battle tactic
A secret Spartan law
What happened to the Messenians after the First Messenian War?
They conquered Sparta
They became Spartan slaves
They became allies
They fled to Persia
What was the Second Messenian War?
Sparta vs Athens
A slave revolt against Sparta
A war with Persia
A naval battle
The Messenian Wars are compared to what Roman conflicts?
Punic Wars
Servile (slave) Wars
Macedonian Wars
Trojan War
According to legend, who was Aristomenes’ father?
A Spartan
Possibly a snake
A king of Athens
Hercules
What magical item saved Aristomenes?
A sword
A flying shield
A golden helmet
A divine spear
What animal once rescued Aristomenes?
A fox
A lion
An eagle
A boar
How long did Aristomenes resist Sparta?
3 years
5 years
11 years
25 years
What battle marked the end of Spartan dominance?
Marathon
Thermopylae
Leuctra
Salamis
Who was Lycurgus?
A god
A possibly mythical Spartan lawgiver
An Athenian philosopher
A Persian king
What was unique about Sparta’s government?
Pure democracy
Pure monarchy
A mix of democracy and oligarchy
Total anarchy
What did Spartan mothers believe about fitness?
It didn’t matter
Strong mothers produce strong children
Only men should train
Babies must be thin
What was done to weak Spartan babies?
Given to priests
Abandoned or killed
Adopted by Athenians
Sent to Persia
What was the purpose of the agoge?
Farming
Training boys to be warriors
Studying philosophy
Trade school
What was a brutal rite of passage at 12?
Horse riding
Stealing honey cakes while being whipped
Writing poetry
Archery contest
What was the Krypteia?
A festival
A secret police force
A religious cult
A trading guild
What did the Krypteia require initiates to do?
Pray to Ares
Kill a strong helot
Win a foot race
Pass a math test
Who were the Spartiates?
Traders
Full Spartan citizens and warriors
Farmers
Slaves
What were the only two initial events in 776 BC?
Chariot racing and archery
Running and wrestling
Boxing and discus
Javelin and long jump
What was the purpose of the agoge?
Farming
Training boys to be warriors
Studying philosophy
Trade school
What was a brutal rite of passage at 12?
Horse riding
Stealing honey cakes while being whipped
Writing poetry
Archery contest
What was the Krypteia?
A festival
A secret police force
A religious cult
A trading guild
What did the Krypteia require initiates to do?
Pray to Ares
Kill a strong helot
Win a foot race
Pass a math test
Who were the Spartiates?
Traders
Full Spartan citizens and warriors
Farmers
Slaves
What was the Agora in Athens?
A temple
The marketplace and social center
A military barracks
A festival
What did the word “idiotes” originally mean?
Stupid
A private citizen not engaged in public life
Slave
Enemy
Who were the Archons?
Priests
Rulers of Athens
Soldiers
Slaves
What does “draconian” mean today?
Wise and kind
Harsh and severe
Silly and playful
Athletic
What major distinction did Draco’s law code make?
Citizen vs non-citizen
Murder vs manslaughter
Rich vs poor
Landowner vs slave
Who abolished debt slavery in Athens?
Draco
Solon
Cleisthenes
Pisistratus
What product did Solon encourage Athenians to produce?
Wine
Olive oil
Wheat
Marble
How did Pisistratus first seize power?
Military invasion
Pretended to be attacked and got bodyguards
A democratic vote
Spartan support
How did Pisistratus regain power the second time?
Promised land reform
Used a woman dressed as Athena
Invited Spartans
Paid mercenaries
Why did Hippias become cruel?
He was poor
His brother was assassinated
He hated democracy
He lost a war
Who created Athens’ first true democracy?
Solon
Pisistratus
Cleisthenes
Draco
What simple object symbolized a vote in Athens?
Scroll
Pebble
Feather
Coin
What was ostracism?
Voting for war
Exiling a citizen for a year
Paying taxes
A religious festival
Why did Athens flourish more than Sparta?
Bigger army
Greater citizen participation and creativity
Less slavery
Help from Persia
Who wrote the Iliad and Odyssey?
Hesiod
Homer
Socrates
Solon
The Odyssey tells of whose journey home?
Achilles
Hector
Odysseus
Agamemnon
Why did Poseidon curse Odysseus?
He stole gold
He blinded his son, the Cyclops
He married Athena
He killed Apollo’s priest
How did Odysseus resist the Sirens?
Killed them
Wax in sailors’ ears, tied himself to the mast
Attacked their island
Sang louder
How did Penelope delay remarrying?
Fled to Sparta
Wove by day, unwove by night
Claimed illness
Pretended Odysseus sent letters
Who compiled the Theogony?
Homer
Hesiod
Cleisthenes
Aristotle
According to the Theogony, who was the first being?
Zeus
Gaia
Chaos
Cronos
What did Cronos do to his father Uranus?
Banished him
Castrated him
Crowned him king
Worshipped him
Why did Cronos swallow his children?
He hated them
A prophecy said one would overthrow him
They were evil
They were deformed
Which child of Cronos escaped and later overthrew him?
Poseidon
Hades
Zeus
Apollo
Who were the first children of Gaia and Uranus?
Titans and Cyclopes
Olympians
Mortals
Centaurs
What did Uranus do to his children, the Cyclopes and Hundred-Handed Ones?
Killed them
Imprisoned them in Tartarus
Sent them to Earth
Gave them Olympus
Who freed the Cyclopes and Hundred-Handed Ones from Tartarus?
Cronos
Zeus
Apollo
Athena
What weapons did the Cyclopes forge for the gods?
Golden spears and chariots
Thunderbolts, tridents, and the Helm of Darkness
Shields and swords only
A magical lyre
What was the Titanomachy?
A war between gods and mortals
A war between the Olympian gods and Titans
A Trojan battle
A Spartan uprising
Who led the Olympians in the Titanomachy?
Cronos
Zeus
Hades
Poseidon
Where were the defeated Titans imprisoned?
Olympus
Gaia’s womb
Tartarus
Elysium
Who was Typhon?
A mortal king
A monstrous son of Gaia who fought Zeus
Poseidon’s servant
A Trojan hero
How did Zeus defeat Typhon?
Tricked him with wine
Crushed him under Mount Etna with thunderbolts
Used Hades’ helm
Sent him to Troy
How did Zeus defeat Typhon?
Tricked him with wine
Crushed him under Mount Etna with thunderbolts
Used Hades’ helm
Sent him to Troy
Who were the Gigantes (Giants) in Greek myth?
Tall humans
Earth-born enemies of the Olympians
Titans reborn
Allies of Zeus
What was the Gigantomachy?
A Trojan battle
War between the gods and giants
War of mortals vs. Titans
A festival
What role did Heracles (Hercules) play in the Gigantomachy?
None
He helped the Olympians defeat the Giants
He led the Giants
He betrayed Zeus
What are the Olympian gods collectively known as?
Titans
The Twelve Olympians
Demi-gods
Furies
Who was the king of the gods?
Poseidon
Zeus
Apollo
Hades
Who was the goddess of wisdom?
Hera
Athena
Demeter
Artemis
Who was the god of the sea?
Ares
Apollo
Poseidon
Hermes
Who was the god of the underworld?
Hades
Ares
Dionysus
Hephaestus
Who was the goddess of love and beauty?
Hera
Aphrodite
Artemis
Hestia
Who was the god of war?
Apollo
Ares
Hermes
Hades
Who was the messenger of the gods?
Apollo
Hermes
Hephaestus
Pan
Who was the god of fire and metalworking?
Ares
Hephaestus
Dionysus
Kronos
Who was the god of wine and theater?
Apollo
Dionysus
Hermes
Pan
Why did Zeus become king of the universe?
He defeated Hades in single combat
He won when the brothers drew straws
He bribed the other Olympians
He found a secret prophecy
What did Thales believe the ark (archê) was?
Air
Fire
Earth
Water
According to Thales, why is everything made of water?
Water can become solid, liquid, or gas
Water is the heaviest element
Water is the hottest element
Water exists only in oceans
What trick does the transcript give for remembering Thales’ ideas?
Think of “Thales the Sailor”
Think of “Thales the Water Master”
Replace the T in his name with a W to get “Whales”
Think of “Thales the River Man”
Anaximander said the ark was a…
Type of divine fire
Giant cylinder
Form of water
Perfect form that split into opposites
What happens when opposites like hot and cold come together, according to Anaximander?
They form storms
They become water
They disappear back into their original form
They explode violently
What name did Anaximander give to the origin of all things?
Ether
Apeiron
Terra
Pneuma
How did Anaximander describe the shape of the earth?
A sphere
A flat disk floating on water
A cube
A cylinder
What did Anaximenes believe the ark was?
Air (AER)
Fire
Earth
Water
Anaximenes explained change through what two processes?
Melting and dissolving
Expansion and contraction
Rarefaction and condensation
Heating and freezing
According to Anaximenes, what is the most condensed form of air?
Water
Clouds
Fire
Earth and stones
What kept Greek myths fresh over generations?
They were never written down
They were controlled by priests
People memorized them incorrectly
Each generation reinterpreted them
What were satyr plays known for?
Serious moral lessons
Religious ceremonies
Lewd, lowbrow humor
Epic storytelling
Why did King Amulius send Sylvia to the temple of Mars?
To train her as a priestess
To prevent her from having sons who could claim the throne
To punish Mars
To hide her from an invading army
Who rescued the infant twins Romulus and Remus?
A farmer
A goddess in disguise
A fisherman
A she-wolf
Who eventually took the twins home to raise as sons?
A. A Roman soldier
B. The shepherd Faustulus and his wife
C. A wandering merchant
D. A noblewoman from Alba Longa
What did Numitor tell the twins they must do?
Build a new kingdom
Kill each other for the throne
Overthrow Amulius and reclaim their birthright
Leave Latium forever
Why did Romulus and Remus begin fighting over the city’s name?
Each wanted the new city named after himself
They disagreed on the building materials
They argued about who should be king
They disagreed on the layout of the temples
What was one major power the Roman king held under Romulus’ system?
Only religious authority
Only power to command the army
Only the power to veto the senate
All three branches of government in one
What reform is Numa Pompilius credited with?
Creating the Roman alphabet
Inventing Roman coinage
Adding January and February to the calendar
Ending all Roman wars
What did Numa establish to protect Roman workers?
A. A court system
B. Free food rations
C. A national militia
D. Workers’ guilds/unions
What is Tullus Hostilius known for?
Writing Roman law codes
Conquering Rome’s Latin neighbors
Building Rome’s first aqueduct
Making peace with Alba Longa
Why did King Hostilius believe disasters were happening in Rome?
The Roman army refused to fight
He forgot to honor the gods and was hostile toward Rome’s neighbors
Rome had no working aqueducts
Senators rebelled against him
How did King Hostilius die?
He drowned in the Tiber
He was assassinated by rivals
He was struck by lightning during a religious ceremony
He died from famine
What did Hostilius consider his one “good deed”?
Founding the city of Ostia
Building Rome’s first bridge
Constructing the Curia Hostilia (Senate House)
Creating Rome’s first census
What major change occurred under Ankus Marcius?
He abolished the monarchy
He relocated conquered Latin peoples to Rome
He created Rome’s first coinage
He ended all Roman wars
What important structure did Ankus Marcius build?
The Cloaca Maxima
The Circus Maximus
The first bridge over the Tiber
The Colosseum
How did the Romans formally declare war under Ankus Marcius?
By sending a written proclamation
By sacrificing a bull at the forum
By repeating demands three times, then throwing a spear
By lighting a ceremonial fire
Who was Lucius Tarquinius Priscus before becoming king?
A Roman senator
A Greek merchant
A wealthy Etruscan immigrant
A Latin general
Which major construction project did Tarquinius Priscus begin?
The Pantheon
The Tiber Aqueduct
The Circus Maximus
Hadrian’s Wall
What Roman tradition did Tarquinius establish after defeating the Sabines?
The Lupercalia
The Vestal rites
The Triumph
The Saturnalia parade
What omen convinced the queen that Servius Tullius was favored by the gods?
He survived a fall from a cliff
His head appeared to be on fire but he was unharmed
He spoke fluently as a baby
He bent a sword with his bare hands
Who was responsible for the assassination of Tarquinius Priscus?
Servius Tullius
Agents working for the sons of Ankus Marcius
His own son
A foreign assassin
What was one of Servius Tullius’s major reforms?
A. Abolishing the Senate
B. Establishing a monarchy for life
C. Expanding voting rights to more citizens
D. Ending all military service requirements
How did Lucius Tarquinius (Superbus) and Tullia seize power?
They convinced Servius to retire
They bribed the Senate
They murdered their spouses and rallied support against Servius
They won a formal election
How did Servius Tullius die?
Poison
Assassinated by senators
Thrown out of the Senate and killed by bodyguards
Killed in battle
What kind of ruler was Tarquinius Superbus?
Wise and gentle
Democratic
Cruel and tyrannical
Completely absent from politics
What event triggered the Roman revolt against the Tarquins?
A. A failed war against the Etruscans
B. High taxes
C. The assault on Lucretia
D. A famine
What oath did the Romans swear after the Tarquins were expelled?
Never to fight foreign wars
To give the army full control
Never to let a king rule Rome again
To destroy all Etruscan cities
Why do historians doubt the traditional list of seven kings?
No Roman kings ever existed
The kings lived far too short
Seven rulers in a row likely didn’t average 35-year reigns
The Romans never kept records
Which kings seemed largely fictional or legendary?
Only the Tarquins
The first four (Romulus, Numa, Tullus Hostilius, Ancus Marcius)
All seven
Only Romulus
What was Rome doing by the end of the period described?
Retreating from all conquered lands
Suffering constant invasions
Expanding into central Italy’s hills and mountains
Entering a period of peace
