wayground logo

Free Printable Worksheets

Font size

S
M
L
XL
Worksheets

History 102 Practice Final Exam

Total questions: 128

Worksheet time: 1hrs 5mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

If Grant’s army could gain control of the Mississippi River, the Confederacy

a)

was forced to invade the North.

b)

would be split into two parts.

c)

was assured of victory.

d)

was defeated.

2.

Because President Johnson ended land reform and no land distribution took place,

a)

the vast majority of rural African-Americans remained poor and without property during Reconstruction.

b)

the South industrialized and most African-Americans got jobs in factories.

c)

the task system became the dominant labor system in the cotton-producing regions.

d)

most white yeoman farmers were able to become plantation owners.

3.

Which colony became the first to legalize slavery, in 1641?

a)

New York

b)

South Carolina

c)

Massachusetts

d)

Virginia

4.

Which statement is true about the idea of “colonization” of freed slaves before 1830?

a)

The American Colonization Society was a proslavery organization

b)

Some African-Americans who emigrated to Liberia did so to spread Christianity.

c)

Most African-Americans supported colonization.

d)

Only white northerners supported colonization.

5.

Perfectionist aspirations to create a utopian society are best reflected in

a)

The Hudson River School

b)

The organizing of revivalist camp meetings

c)

The founding of Oneida, New Harmony, and Brook Farm

d)

American Colonization Society

6.

What was the primary goal of the Dawes Act of 1887 regarding Native American Indians?

a)

promoting Native American Indian languages and cultures

b)

ncreasing the size of Native American Indian reservations

c)

assimilating Native American Indians into mainstream American life

d)

strengthening Native American Indian tribal governments

7.

Railroads brought about what change to American society?

a)

They led to the creation of the time zones we still have today.

b)

People preferred to ride in freight cars.

c)

Trains mainly transported people but few consumer goods and resources.

d)

They lowered expectations in regard to when products would be available.

8.

Which of the following describes settlement and development of the American West most accurately?

a)

Mormons and Latinos often accounted for a majority of western territories’ populations at the time they attained statehood.

b)

Territories in the West were admitted as states into the Union after relatively short periods of time.

c)

The federal government actively acquired Indian territories, distributed land to companies, and helped to open large areas to commercial farming.

d)

The West became known as a place that depended heavily on federal assistance.

9.

Which word best describes Lincoln's original plan for Reconstruction, which Johnson largely followed?

a)

balanced

b)

lenient

c)

Aggressive

d)

Aggressive

10.

The Haymarket Affair led to the decline of which group?

a)

Women’s Christian Temperance Union

b)

Knights of Labor

c)

the Christian Lobby

d)

Ku Klux Klan

11.

In 1855, an enslaved woman in Missouri named Celia killed her enslaver while resisting his sexual assault. State law deemed “any woman” in such circumstances to be acting in self-defense. The court

a)

found Celia innocent, because she had acted in self-defense.

b)

sentenced Celia to death because she was property in the eyes of the law, and thus not legally a “woman.”

c)

refused to hear the case, declaring that Celia was not a citizen.

d)

deported Celia to Ohio for her own protection.

12.

What is one reason the Civil War is often called the first modern war?

a)

International law prevented mistreatment of prisoners of war.

b)

There was no draft.

c)

Casualties were lower than previous wars due to more precise weaponry.

d)

Industrial technology had created deadlier weapons.

13.

Where did General Lee surrender to Grant on April 9, 1865?

a)

Richmond

b)

Washington D.C.

c)

Appomattox Court House

d)

Gettysburg

14.

During Reconstruction, the system of sharecropping was least beneficial to  

a)

sharecroppers.

b)

landowners.

c)

 

merchants.

d)

bankers

15.

Why was the Monitor and Merrimack battle so significant?

a)

ships made from just wood were now obsolete

b)

ships made from just wood were now obsolete

c)

showed that the weight of ships made with iron armor could easily sink

d)

the battle was a huge military success for the Confederates

16.

How did Frederick Douglass characterize celebrating the Fourth of July?

a)

liberty-affirming

b)

honorable

c)

hypocritical

d)

harmless

17.

After the Spanish-American War, who established the provisional government with a constitution modeled on that of the United States?

a)

José Martí

b)

Orville Platt

c)

Rudyard Kipling

d)

Emilio Aguinaldo

18.

What was an issue of conflict between the Mexican government and American settlers in Texas in the 1820s and 1830s?

a)

Mexico forced American settlers to convert to Catholicism.

b)

The settlers were abolitionists, but Mexico legalized slavery.

c)

The number of Tejanos in Texas was increasing faster than the number of American settlers

d)

Mexico had abolished slavery, but many American settlers were practicing slavery in Texas.

19.

Who wrote the book Sunshine and Shadow in New York, which contrasted rich and poor?

a)

Matthew Smith

b)

Jacob Riis

c)

Thorstein Veblen

d)

Frederick Jackson Turner

20.

The Freedmen’s Bureau’s greatest accomplishments were in

a)

suffrage and citizenship for African-Americans.

b)

education and health care

c)

prosecuting Confederates and rebuilding southern infrastructure.

d)

legal representation and employment.

21.

Where was the first real battle of the war?

a)

Gettysburg

b)

Antietam

c)

Bull Run

d)

Vicksburg

22.

Base your answer to question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. . . . "And now to the point. In our opinion, an opinion which has been formed from data obtained by assiduous [thorough] researches, and comparisons, from laborious investigation, logical reasoning, and earnest refl ection, the causes which have impeded the progress and prosperity of the South, which have dwindled our commerce, and other similar pursuits, into the most contemptible insignifi cance; sunk a large majority of our people in galling poverty and ignorance, rendered a small minority conceited and tyrannical, and driven the rest away from their homes; entailed upon us a humiliating dependence on the Free States; disgrace us in the recesses of our own souls, and brought us under reproach in the eyes of all civilians and enlightened nations—may all be traced to one common source, and there fi nd solution in the most hateful and horrible word, that was ever incorporated into the vocabulary of human economy —Slavery! . . . — Hinton Helper, The Impending Crisis of the South: How To Meet It, 1857 This statement most clearly expresses the author’s opinion that slavery

a)

should be extended into the western territories

b)

was the cause of economic and social problems in the South

c)

caused the North to be dependent on the South

d)

was the reason the South should secede from the Union

23.

In “Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others,” what was W. E. B. Du Bois’s main criticism of Washington?

a)

Du Bois thought Washington emphasized economic struggles at the expense of political, civil, and educational rights.

b)

Du Bois hoped to see even more emphasis on the economic struggles that blacks faced.

c)

Du Bois wanted more factory jobs for blacks

d)

Du Bois wanted Washington to take a slow approach to civil rights issues.

24.

Irish immigrant men in the 1850s

a)

faced no discrimination in employment, housing, and education.

b)

pushed free black workers out of low-wage jobs.

c)

were not legally white.

d)

were not legally white.

25.

What political office did William McKinley occupy prior to the election of 1896?

a)

Nebraska congressman

b)

Ohio governor

c)

Georgia senator

d)

New York governor

26.

Rutherford B. Hayes was declared the winner of the 1876 presidential election after he

a)

made a compromise with the Democrats

b)

won an election in the House of Representatives

c)

won the electoral vote by a landslide

d)

won the popular vote.

27.

The Civil War began with

a)

secession of South Carolina

b)

the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter

c)

illegal formation of the Confederate States of America

d)

attack on the Lawrence, Kansas, a center of free-soiler activity

28.

How did Garrison Frazier define freedom for African-Americans during his January 1865 conversation with General Sherman and Secretary of War Stanton?

a)

freed people renting land on the plantations on which they had been formerly enslaved

b)

working for wages for an employer

c)

having one’s own land on which one could reap the fruit of one’s own labor and take care of oneself

d)

a state of mind, untethered to material circumstances

29.

In the decades before the Civil War, the southern states

a)

had higher literacy rates than the northern states.

b)

attracted more immigrants than the northern states.

c)

industrialized very little compared to the northern states.

d)

developed larger cities than the northern states.

30.

Which statement is true about the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

a)

President Grant’s dispatching of federal marshals and troops in 1871 failed to have any effect on Klan violence.

b)

Founded in 1866 in Tennessee, the KKK was a terrorist organization that violently attacked black and white Republicans during Reconstruction.

c)

The Ku Klux Klan was primarily concerned with stopping Asian immigration to the South.

d)

The KKK functioned as the military arm of the Republican Party in the South.

31.

Which statement is true about Harriet Tubman?

a)

Frederick Douglass criticized Tubman’s work.

b)

Tubman rescued about seventy-five people from slavery.

c)

Tubman was born free in Philadelphia in 1800.

d)

After escaping slavery in 1849, Tubman never returned to the South.

32.

Which industry declined during the Civil War?

a)

iron

b)

cotton

c)

iron

d)

coal

33.

In the Texas borderland in the years after 1836,

a)

relations between Anglos and Tejanos who had fought together for independence remained harmonious because the Anglos respected Tejano culture.

b)

most Tejanos converted to Protestantism.

c)

Tejanos were increasingly confined to unskilled agricultural and urban labor

d)

the Catholic Church became more powerful.

34.

Approximately what percentage of southern households owned enslaved people in 1860?

a)

10 percent

b)

50 percent.

c)

25 percent

d)

33 percent

35.

Which statement is true about the sharecropping system?

a)

Most sharecropping families prospered and soon owned land of their own.

b)

Every census from 1880 to 1940 counted more black than white sharecroppers.

c)

A far higher percentage of white than black farmers in the South rented land rather than owned it.

d)

A sharecropping family rented a part of a plantation and split the crops the family produced on the land with the plantation owner.

36.

In the effort to fund the war, the U.S. government

a)

cut taxes on the production and consumption of goods.

b)

clung to the gold standard.

c)

refused to print paper money.

d)

enacted the first income tax.

37.

Which statement is true about the coming of emancipation?

a)

Enslaved people helped to propel the United States toward emancipation by escaping to Union lines.

b)

President Lincoln declared total emancipation a necessity immediately after the Confederacy fired the first shots of the war in April 1861.

c)

Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 even though he thought it was politically and militarily unnecessary.

d)

Most Democrats supported emancipation.

38.

Who was the lone dissenting justice in the Plessy v. Ferguson case?

a)

Sam Hose

b)

Tom Watson

c)

Albion W. Tourgée

d)

John Marshall Harlan

39.

Which statement was included in the Declaration of Sentiments written at Seneca Falls in 1848?

a)

“Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. . . .”

b)

“. . . I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!”

c)

“. . . I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. . . .”

d)

“. . . We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal; . . .”

40.

Which statement is true about the temperance movement?

a)

German-Americans became the temperance movement’s biggest supporters.

b)

German-Americans became the temperance movement’s biggest supporters.

c)

Irish-Americans held most leadership positions in the American Temperance Society.

d)

The American Temperance Society hoped to stop Americans from consuming alcohol altogether.

41.

Republicans

a)

opposed industrialization.

b)

opposed industrialization.

c)

argued that the Catholic Church was a bigger threat than the South’s proslavery political leadership.

d)

were mostly abolitionists.

42.

The importance of Northern Securities Co. v. United States (1904) is that the Supreme Court

a)

upheld the right of women to vote

b)

used the Sherman Antitrust Act to break up a monopoly

c)

ruled child labor laws unconstitutional

d)

established regulations for the New York Stock Exchange

43.

How did the North aid in the disenfranchisement of blacks in the South?

a)

Northern politicians wanted to send troops to ensure that only poor whites could vote.

b)

The North pushed not to include the South in the women’s suffrage amendment.

c)

Northern senators were acquiescent when Congress defeated a voting rights bill to protect black suffrage.

d)

Northerners asked for the Fourteenth Amendment to be rescinded.

44.

The Enforcement Acts

a)

were not really used by President Grant until 1875, when he stepped up efforts to protect election polling places.

b)

prevented immigration into the former Confederate states.

c)

were used by state governments to enforce the terms of sharecropping contracts

d)

drove the Ku Klux Klan out of existence in 1872.

45.

After 1830, the majority of white southerners came to believe

a)

that freedom for whites rested on the power to command the labor of blacks.

b)

that a wage labor system is more productive than a slave labor system.

c)

that slavery is immoral and should be abolished.

d)

that the planter class had too much power.

46.

In which of the following ways were the boundaries of freedom redrawn in the United States during the nineteenth century?

a)

Congress passed a law that granted all married women control over their wages.

b)

The American Federation of Labor expanded its membership to include female workers and black workers.

c)

Several states adopted literacy and residency requirements in order to restrict immigrant voting.

d)

The federal government expanded the protections of the Fourteenth Amendment dramatically.

47.

All of the following statements about the African American soldiers are true EXCEPT

a)

African American soldiers risked being enslaved or murdered if caught by the Confederate military

b)

African American soldiers made up of just one percent of U.S. troops

c)

African American soldiers risked being enslaved or murdered if caught by the Confederate military

d)

African American soldiers initially earned less than whites

48.

In the decades before the Civil War, the northern states

a)

refused to do business with the slave states

b)

refused to follow federal law requiring the return of fugitive slaves

c)

boycotted all American cotton because it was produced by slave labor

d)

financed industrial development with money earned in the trade of cotton produced by slave labor.

49.

Radical Republicans

a)

all supported Thaddeus Stevens’s land distribution proposal.

b)

believed it was necessary to reduce federal power in order to establish and protect civil rights.

c)

hoped to institutionalize the principle of equal rights for all, regardless of race.

d)

opposed the Reconstruction Act.

50.

Who was the first African-American U.S. senator?

a)

Samuel J. Tilden

b)

Henry M. Turner

c)

Hiram Revels

d)

Garrison Frazier

51.

The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848

a)

established equal rights as the basis of the early women’s rights movement.

b)

focused entirely on the issue of woman’s suffrage.

c)

affirmed the cult of domesticity

d)

opposed the right to vote for women.

52.

One reason the decision in Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) was so controversial is that it

a)

supported Harriet Beecher Stowe’s point of view in Uncle Tom’s Cabin

b)

gave enslaved persons full citizenship

c)

ruled that Congress had no power to limit slavery in the territories

d)

strengthened the idea of popular sovereignty

53.

The Union draft law

a)

increased support for the war among working-class Catholics in northeastern cities.

b)

resulted in Andrew Carnegie, John Rockefeller, and Jay Gould suspending their business operations in order to fight in the Union army

c)

allowed wealthy men to hire a substitute or buy their way out of military service.

d)

required rich and poor alike to serve equally in the Union army

54.

Which statement is true about the attitude of most poor southern white farmers toward the southern elite planter class?

a)

Most poor southern whites resented planters because the planters alone could vote.

b)

Most poor southern whites identified with planters based on their shared whiteness and rights to political participation.

c)

Most poor southern whites agreed with northern criticisms of slavery.

d)

Most poor southern whites agreed with Andrew Johnson’s criticism of the planter “slavocracy.”

55.

Which of the following was a strategy of the Confederate government?

a)

limiting the upper draft age to 35

b)

seeking support from Britain and France

c)

attacking the North by way of the Mississippi River

d)

blockading the North’s Atlantic coast

56.

Frederick Douglass, Henry “Box” Brown, and Harriet Jacobs were all

a)

Conductors on the Underground Railroad

b)

Enslaved people who escaped captivity

c)

Leaders of slave revolts

d)

Defenders of slavery

57.

To whom can the following quotation be attributed? “I know nothing of men’s rights and women’s rights. My doctrine, then is, that whatever it is morally right for man to do, it is morally right for woman to do.”

a)

Angelina Grimké

b)

Susan B. Anthony

c)

Maria Stewart

d)

Catherine Beecher

58.

During Reconstruction, what new southern class arose due to the building of new railroads?

a)

an urban middle class of merchants, railroad promoters, and bankers

b)

political radicals

c)

poor farmers

d)

plantation owners

59.

The Free Soil Party

a)

only appealed to abolitionists.

b)

was concerned with ending racism

c)

appealed to Americans who resented the northern domination of the federal governmen

d)

appealed to northern working-class Americans who saw access to homesteads on western lands as the only possibility for economic independence.

60.

Reform movements of the 1820s and 1830s

a)

mostly opposed the imposition of Protestant morality on society

b)

often drew inspiration from the Second Great Awakening’s perfectionism outlook.

c)

generally advocated that individuals should be free to do as they pleased.

d)

often drew inspiration from the Calvinist belief in predestination.

61.

At one time or another prior to the Civil War, slavery was called all of the following by its defenders EXCEPT:

a)

A necessary evil

b)

A necessary evil

c)

A positive good

d)

The “Devil’s necessity”

62.

The Seneca Falls Convention was significant because it

a)

Issued a historic declaration of women’s rights

b)

Initiated the religious revivals in the “burned-over district”

c)

Concluded that the Auburn system was a failure

d)

Demanded the immediate abolition of slavery

63.

What was one result of the increased emphasis on farming on the Middle Border?

a)

Settlers received large amounts of help from Native Americans, who had farmed the region first.

b)

Women's household chores became easier.

c)

Cotton became the cash crop.

d)

The population significantly increased over four decades.

64.

What has been called the Second Middle Passage?

a)

The domestic U.S. slave trade

b)

The time it took for an enslaved African to adjust to plantation labor

c)

The migration of black people out of the South in the 20th century

d)

The trip from the West Indies to the British North American colonies

65.

From 1870 to 1900, business leaders in the United States often attempted to increase productivity, maximize profits, and decrease costs by

a)

preventing foreign investment in the United States

b)

increasing benefits for industrial workers

c)

reducing competition through the formation of trusts

d)

supporting the passage of strict antitrust laws

66.

Which statement is true about the Mexican War of 1846–1848?

a)

The war is largely forgotten in Mexico.

b)

Mexico was still a Spanish colony when the war started.

c)

It was opposed by a significant minority in the North.

d)

Mexico lost the war but ceded only about 10 percent of its territory in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

67.

In the Republican free labor vision of a reconstructed South,

a)

African-Americans would enjoy the same opportunities as northern workers, and the southern economy and society would become more like the North

b)

the Deep South states would grow wheat instead of cotton

c)

plantation owners would re-create a labor system as close to slavery as possible.

d)

the southern economy would revive without the need for northern capital or migrants.

68.

Which feminist does the textbook credit with the transcendentalist idea that every path to self-fulfillment should be open to women as freely as to men?

a)

Sarah Grimké

b)

Lucretia Mott

c)

Margaret Fuller

d)

Dorothea Dix

69.

Which statement is true regarding Americans’ reactions to the Mexican War of 1846–1848?

a)

Ulysses S. Grant led his troops in defecting from the American army.

b)

Abraham Lincoln supported the war.

c)

A majority of Americans were inspired by the expansionist fervor of manifest destiny to support the war.

d)

Henry David Thoreau showed his support by volunteering to fight in the war.

70.

What happened in both the 1876 and 1888 presidential elections?

a)

Former Confederate generals won the presidency.

b)

Democratic candidates won close elections

c)

The candidates who finished second in the popular vote won the electoral college majority.

d)

Republicans became presidents after landslide victories

71.

Why did Abby Kelley and Lucy Stone disagree with Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s opposition to the Fifteenth Amendment?

a)

Kelley and Stone did not believe women should be able to vote.

b)

Kelley and Stone believed that the Fifteenth Amendment’s ban on racial discrimination in voting was an important step toward truly universal suffrage.

c)

Susan B. Anthony also disagreed with Stanton about the Fifteenth Amendment.

d)

Stanton had been a supporter of slavery and the Confederacy

72.

Congress reacted to Klan terror by passing

a)

the Thirteenth Amendment

b)

the Compromise of 1877

c)

Radical Reconstruction.

d)

he Enforcement Act of 1870

73.

What did Booker T. Washington’s Tuskegee Institute emphasize?

a)

black separatism

b)

civil rights issues

c)

vocational job education

d)

professional job education

74.

The U.S. Homestead Act of 1862

a)

failed to have much of an effect on western settlement.

b)

was opposed by the labor movement.

c)

granted 40 acres of free land to each emancipated person.

d)

offered 160 acres of free public land to settlers in the west.

75.

Advocates for building asylums, prisons, poorhouses, and orphanages

a)

were mainly interested in profiting from the fees paid to the institutions by the states

b)

rejected the idea of perfectionism.

c)

were mainly interested in keeping the insane, criminals, the destitute, and orphans away from the rest of society.

d)

believed that social ills once considered incurable could in fact be eliminated

76.

The main goal of the Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction was to

a)

improve conditions for poor whites

b)

prevent African Americans from exercising their rights.

c)

restore the Confederacy.

d)

gain control of state legislatures

77.

Which statement is true regarding free labor ideology?

a)

According to free labor ideology, slavery must be kept out of the territories so that free laborers could move up to the status of landowning farmers and independent craftsmen.

b)

According to free labor ideology, economic independence was of limited importance to freedom.

c)

Free labor and slavery could coexist peacefully for an unlimited amount of time.

d)

Free labor ideology glorified the South as the home of progress, opportunity, and freedom.

78.

Dorothrea Dix was inspired to dedicate her life to a humanitarian Crusade by

a)

The mistreatment of women factory workers

b)

Conditions in the poorly funded public schools

c)

The lack of schools for the blind and deaf

d)

creating institutions for the mentally ill.

79.

Why did Ida B. Wells say the United States had no right to call itself the “land of the free”?

a)

She was writing about the plight of Indians in the West.

b)

She was criticizing America’s war against Spain.

c)

She was referring to the huge number of lynchings of innocent black men.

d)

She was discussing the anti-immigrant sentiment in the South

80.

Right after the Spanish-American War, what did proponents of American imperialism use to justify their arguments?

a)

The United States needed to focus on gaining access to Europe since most of her immigrants came from this continent

b)

The United States had a natural curiosity in regard to world cultures.

c)

America was a benevolent power that needed to spread liberty

d)

America needed to subjugate “inferior” cultures.

81.

Who believed one of the best ways to civilize “savages” was to turn them into consumers of American products?

a)

Emilio Aguinaldo

b)

Walter Rauschenbusch

c)

Alfred T. Mahan

d)

Josiah Strong

82.

In the nineteenth century, why did cotton become the most important commodity in international trade?

a)

Brazilians had stopped using sugar.

b)

No one country dominated the production of cotton.

c)

The early industrial revolution centered on factories that made cloth out of cotton.

d)

There was a wool shortage because Britain had banned sheep farming in Ireland.

83.

By 1860, what was true about common schools?

a)

The common school system had collapsed due to competition from private schools.

b)

The common school system had collapsed due to opposition from parents

c)

Northern school systems received support from labor organizations, factory owners, and middle-class reformers.

d)

Every state had established a tax-supported school system

84.

Slave cultures

a)

were based on the same fundamental ideas and culture as their masters’ culture.

b)

are lost to history, as no evidence of them has survived.

c)

were entirely American and retained no African cultural elements.

d)

were semi-independent and centered on family and church.

e)

were entirely African and did not embrace any American elements.

85.

Republican leader Carl Schurz called the Reconstruction amendments a “great Constitutional revolution” because

a)

the Bill of Rights was based on the assumption that rights required national power to enforce them.

b)

the Reconstruction amendments allowed each state to decide what rights its residents were entitled to.

c)

the Reconstruction amendments transformed the Constitution into a vehicle through which members of vulnerable minorities could stake a claim to freedom and seek protection against misconduct by all levels of government.

d)

the Reconstruction amendments significantly restricted the power of the federal government.

86.

William Lloyd Garrison

a)

was universally supported by northerners.

b)

opposed a public role for women in the abolition movement.

c)

failed to attract many readers to his abolitionist journal The Liberator.

d)

called for the immediate abolition of slavery and equal rights for African-Americans.

87.

The 1880 census showed what for the first time?

a)

Two-thirds of Americans owned their houses.

b)

A majority of the American workforce engaged in non-farming jobs

c)

Immigration to the United States was non-existent.

d)

Out of all the regions in the United States, the South had the largest population.

88.

In what British colonial city did enslaved men revolt in 1712, setting a fire to signal others and starting a riot that killed nine people?

a)

Richmond

b)

Charleston

c)

New York

d)

Baltimore

89.

Which statement is true about the Confederacy?

a)

Most poor whites in Confederate states believed they would achieve economic independence if slavery were abolished.

b)

All whites in the Confederate states had supported secession.

c)

The majority of whites in the Confederate states believed in free labor ideology.

d)

The cornerstone of the Confederacy was the racist belief that whites were racially superior and blacks’ natural condition was to be enslaved.

90.

What was the impact of the Three-Fifths Compromise in the U.S. Constitution?

a)

It meant that slave states had fewer seats in the House of Representatives.

b)

It had no political effect on the nation.

c)

It ensured that slave states had disproportionate influence on the presidency, the speakership of the House of Representatives and the Supreme Court.

d)

It decreased the Electoral votes assigned to slave states.

91.

Which of the following movements most influenced William Jennings Bryan?

a)

Social Darwinism

b)

Social Gospel

c)

Share-Our-Wealth program

d)

Communism

92.

In what way was the Civil War unprecedented?

a)

The Civil War was the first American war in which black soldiers fought.

b)

The Civil War was the first American war in which neither side used war propaganda to shape public opinion.

c)

Reporters and photographers provided the public with an unprecedented degree of information about the Civil War.

d)

The Civil War was the least destructive of human life of all American wars.

93.

Lincoln’s Ten-Percent Plan of Reconstruction

a)

guaranteed that blacks would hold at least 10 percent of the seats in Congress.

b)

was supported by most Radical Republicans.

c)

offered amnesty and full restoration of property rights (except property in slaves) to white southerners who took an oath of loyalty to the Union and support for emancipation.

d)

guaranteed that black southerners would have a role in shaping the postslavery order.

94.

The leading spokesperson for the tax-supported public school movement was

a)

Charles Finney

b)

John Dow

c)

Joseph Smith

d)

Horace Mann

95.

Industrial capitalism

a)

stagnated during the war because mechanization stopped advancing.

b)

grew and developed significantly as a result of the Civil War.

c)

stagnated during the Civil War for lack of government contracts.

d)

was nearly destroyed by the Civil War.

96.

Catherine Beecher believed that

a)

women should not try to influence men’s positions on issues in any way.

b)

women should petition Congress directly to enact change

c)

only men should be teachers.

d)

heaven had designated men superior and women as subordinate.

97.

On the eve of the Civil War, cotton

a)

made up over half of the total value of American exports.

b)

was harvested mainly in African countries.

c)

was primarily grown and harvested by wage laborers.

d)

was primarily grown and harvested by wage laborers.

98.

Most utopian reform communities

a)

prioritized the right of private property and condemned communism.

b)

celebrated the individualism of the market revolution.

c)

believed the widening gap between rich and poor was natural and inevitable.

d)

tried to reorganize society on a cooperative basis.

99.

President Lincoln refrained from taking action to emancipate slaves until the Civil War had been in progress for almost two years because

a)

slavery still existed in most Northern states

b)

he sought to retain the loyalty of the border states.

c)

Congress had not granted him the authority.

d)

he was preparing a plan to send all of the slaves to Liberia.

100.

Which statement is true about slave families?

a)

Slave families were more patriarchal than white families.

b)

Slave families were more often headed by men than white families, due to slaveowners’ selling family members.

c)

Slave families mirrored kinship patterns among whites.

d)

The family was not central to slave culture

101.

Which statement is true about the Confederacy?

a)

Confederate leaders opposed imperial expansion into Central America and the Caribbean.

b)

The Constitution of the Confederate States of America explicitly guaranteed

c)

Confederate leaders planned to return lands to Indians tribes within the Confederate states that had been seized by the United States.

d)

The Constitution of the Confederate States of America was drafted to be different in all ways from the U.S. Constitution

102.

William Lloyd Garrison and the American Antislavery Society supported

a)

Gradual emancipation of slaves without compensation to owners

b)

Immediate emancipation of slaves with compensation to owners

c)

Gradual emancipation of slaves with emigration to Asia

d)

Immediate emancipation of slaves without compensation or emigration

103.

All of the following were true of the temperance movement EXCEPT

a)

It was largely restricted to the southern states

b)

German and Irish immigrants often opposed the movement

c)

By the 1850’s, the movement advocated the legal prohibition of alcohol

d)

It was the most popular of the Jacksonian era reform movements

104.

According to Alfred T. Mahan, the United States needed to do what in order to prosper?

a)

invade the interior of Africa

b)

increase the size of its navy

c)

build factories in China

d)

join an alliance in Europe

105.

According to the cult of domesticity, a women’s proper role was

a)

Acting as a moral leader and educator of the family

b)

Leading the movement for political and social reform

c)

Striving toward social and economic equality with men

d)

Teaching in the growing number of free public schools

106.

Which statement is true about the concept of race in the United States in the nineteenth century?

a)

U.S. aggression against Mexico, a sovereign republic, led most Americans

to reject the idea that Anglo-Saxon Protestants were an innately libertyloving race

b)

The concept of manifest destiny held that all races and cultures are equal.

c)

The concept of race did not yet exist in the nineteenth century.

d)

Race was a vague notion; for example, the “Anglo-Saxon race” was defined largely as the opposite of being black, Hispanic, Indian, or Catholic.

107.

Why did the southern states secede from the Union and form the Confederacy?

a)

They wanted to protest the Dred Scott decision.

b)

They supported Stephen Douglas in the 1860 election.

c)

They wanted to preserve slavery.

d)

The majority of southern whites were slaveholders

108.

Some criticized General Sherman’s, “March to the Sea” because

a)

he focused his attacks on churches

b)

he lost almost every battle in his path

c)

he attacked civilian homes and farms

d)

he freed slaves along the way

109.

In the early 1840s, a large increase in the migration of American settlers west of the Mississippi River was sparked by

a)

a widespread rejection of the concept of manifest destiny.

b)

abolition of slavery in the Deep South.

c)

the economic depression that began in 1837.

d)

Mexico’s sale of California to the United States in 1840.

110.

Which reform movement is most closely associated with William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and Harriet Beecher Stowe?

a)

Populist

b)

labor

c)

Progressive

d)

abolitionist

111.

In the late 1800s, which concept was used to justify the accumulation of great wealth and economic power?

a)

Manifest Destiny

b)

self-determination

c)

conspicuous consumption

d)

Social Darwinism

112.

Which court case made it difficult for states to regulate railroads?

a)

Wabash v. Illinois

b)

Lochner v. New York

c)

Plessy v. Ferguson

d)

Munn v. Illinois

113.

The Freedmen’s Bureau succeeded in

a)

keeping ex-Confederate supporters out of office

b)

providing clothing, medical care, food, and education to many freed people.

c)

redistributing formerly white- owned land to black Southerners.

d)

electing African Americans to Southern state governments.

114.

President Abraham Lincoln

a)

suggested, in his second inaugural address in March 1865, that the whole nation was complicit in the sin of slavery

b)

lived to see the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution.

c)

called for, in his second inaugural address in March 1865, retribution against the South for its sins of slavery and war.

d)

was unwilling to change or expand his views on slavery and race over the course of his presidency.

115.

Which statement is true regarding the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

a)

The treaty nullified the property rights of large Mexican landholders in California.

b)

The treaty had little impact on Mexican citizens because only about 10,000 people lived in the Mexican Cession.

c)

The treaty was designed to prevent the separation of families and the interruption of established trade routes.

d)

The treaty ceded California and present-day New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and Utah to the United States.

116.

One way in which Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller are similar is that they both

a)

treated their workers with respect

b)

served in the United States Congress

c)

gave large sums of money to charitable causes

d)

made fortunes in the automobile industry

117.

During the early part of the war, Lincoln’s main goal was to

a)

reduce the power of the states

b)

stop the spread of slavery

c)

preserve the Union

d)

free the slaves.

118.

Which statement is true about the Civil War and Indians in the West?

a)

The Union treated Indian tribes more leniently than the Confederacy did.

b)

The Union suspended all military actions against Indian tribes during the Civil War.

c)

During the war, the Union army forced 8,000 Navajo to move to a reservation.

d)

The Civil War had little impact on Indians in the West.

119.

Which of the following was an advantage the North had over the South?

a)

more money to spend on war

b)

more experienced generals

c)

larger population

d)

military support from Britain

120.

In southern California, what became a dominant crop in the late nineteenth century?

a)

oranges

b)

cotton

c)

potatoes

d)

corn

121.

The Wade-Davis Bill

a)

would guarantee equality before the law for African-Americans.

b)

was supported by Lincoln

c)

called for implementing Lincoln’s Ten-Percent Plan.

d)

would establish the right to vote for black men.

122.

Which statement is true about the Fourteenth Amendment

a)

It prohibited all states from denying equal protection of the laws to any person.

b)

It abolished the principle of “birthright citizenship”—citizenship for all persons born in the United States.

c)

It prevented the federal government from intervening in the states to protect the civil rights of Americans.

d)

It guaranteed African-American men the right to vote.

123.

The Emancipation Proclamation was issued after which Union victory?

a)

Fort Sumter

b)

Antietam

c)

Gettysburg

d)

Bull Run

124.

The Compromise of 1850 was an attempt to resolve issues related to

a)

relations with the Native American Indians of the Great Plains

b)

the role of the federal government in industrial development

c)

the protection and spread of slaver

d)

boundary disputes between the United States and Britain over the Oregon Country

125.

The proslavery argument that slavery made economic independence among whites possible

a)

was mainly advanced by white northerners.

b)

was only accepted by slaveholding southern farmers.

c)

was widely accepted by southern whites.

d)

was widely accepted by southern whites.

126.

“The Significance of the Frontier in American History” lecture concluded what about the West?

a)

The region was too large geographically so not enough railroad track would ever be built to connect the region.

b)

The native peoples deserved the land more than the whites.

c)

The movement westward acted as a safety valve that counteracted the threat of social unrest.

d)

The farm land was too arid, so most states and territories needed to focus on manufacturing.

127.

What is the Black Belt?

a)

Something every enslaved person had to wear to identify themselves

b)

Site of a slave rebellion that sparked the Civil War

c)

A southern extension of the Underground Railroad

d)

A Deep South region known for its rich, dark fertile soil

128.

In the Americas in 1850, significant slave systems remained only in

a)

the United States, the British Caribbean, and the French Caribbean.

b)

the United States and Mexico.

c)

the United States, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Brazil.

d)

the United States and Canada.