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AP Government Chapter 3

Total questions: 129

Worksheet time: 12hrs 43mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The governmentʹs responses in the wake of Hurricane Katrina underscores

a)

the necessity of complying with the letter and the spirit of the Third Amendment.

b)

the tensions between Congress and the president.

c)

the ability of the U.S. military to mobilize and deploy quickly.

d)

the complexity of American federalism.

e)

all of the above

2.

Federalism is

a)

a system of shared power by the state and national governments.

b)

the same as unitary government

c)

sole government authority in the national government.

d)

sole government authority in the states.

e)

a three-branch government with a system of checks and balances.

3.

Federalism is

a)

unique to the United States alone.

b)

practiced by about half the nations worldwide.

c)

practiced in about half the American states.

d)

practiced by nearly all of the 190 nations worldwide.

e)

practiced by fewer than 20 nations worldwide.

4.

A form of governmental structure in which the national government is weak and most or all

power is in the hands of its components (e.g., states) is known as

a)

federalism.

b)

statist.

c)

a confederation.

d)

parliamentary.

e)

a unitary government.

5.

The workings of the federal system are sometimes called

a)

internal relations.

b)

intergovernmental relations.

c)

intrastate relations.

d)

interstate relations.

e)

international relations.

6.

Which of the following is NOT true?

a)

Few countries have federal systems.

b)

Most federal systems are democracies.

c)

Authoritarian regimes generally do not use federalist systems.

d)

No unitary governments are democratic.

e)

Only some democracies use federal systems.

7.

Most of the governments in the world today are ________, in which all power resides in the

central national government.

a)

unitary

b)

federalist

c)

nationalist

d)

confederations

e)

fiscal

8.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

a)

The American states have unitary governments.

b)

Federalism is the typical way nations organize their governments.

c)

Great Britain has a federal system.

d)

Most European countries are confederations.

e)

none of the above

9.

A unitary system is a way of organizing government so that

a)

power is concentrated in state and local governments.

b)

national and state governments have separate powers over different areas and people.

c)

power is concentrated in a central government.

d)

both national and state levels of government have authority over the same land and

people.

e)

every single government is independent of the others and possesses its own specialized

power and authority.

10.

Which of the following is an example of a confederation?

a)

state governments in the United States

b)

the United Nations

c)

OPEC

d)

Britain

e)

France

11.

How is a unitary system different from a federal one?

a)

The national government can coin money, conduct foreign relations, and declare war.

b)

The national government can change the boundaries of states, or abolish them.

c)

State governments have political autonomy and can nullify national laws.

d)

Administrative subunits, such as states, can collect taxes, conduct elections, and make

laws independently of the national government.

e)

both B and C

12.

Federalism is a way of organizing a nation so that

a)

power is centralized in state and local government.

b)

both national and state levels of government have authority over the same land and

people.

c)

there is one federal government and all regional governments are administrative

subunits of it.

d)

power is centralized in the national government.

e)

there are three branches of government and a system of checks and balances

13.

Which one of the following countries has federalism as its method of governing?

a)

Canada

b)

China

c)

France

d)

Kenya

e)

No other country uses federalism.

14.

The federal system

a)

decreases judicial power.

b)

centralizes our politics.

c)

decreases opportunities for political participation.

d)

decreases the number of government officeholders.

e)

decentralizes our politics.

15.

Which of the following is NOT an effect of federalism?

a)

It simplifies the governmental system.

b)

Courts are called upon to be referees, and they gain power.

c)

It decentralizes political power.

d)

It creates more access points to government.

e)

It increases bureaucracy.

16.

The power to directly regulate such things as drinking ages, marriage and divorce, and sexual behavior has been granted

a)

to all governments by the Bill of Rights.

b)

to the national government.

c)

to the president.

d)

to state governments.

e)

to both the state and national governments.

17.

States are responsible for most public policies dealing with each of the following issues

EXCEPT

a)

economic issues.

b)

social issues.

c)

police powers.

d)

family issues.

e)

moral issues.

18.

Laws that directly regulate abortion, drinking ages, marriage and divorce, or sexual behavior

are policy prerogatives that belong to

a)

the bureaucracy.

b)

the states.

c)

Congress.

d)

local governments.

e)

federal courts.

19.

All of the following are examples of how federalism decentralizes our policies EXCEPT

a)

federal income tax.

b)

regulation of abortion.

c)

death penalty.

d)

funding of education.

e)

homeland security.

20.

Which of these is NOT among the factors that tend to lead to the creation of a federal form of

government in a country?

a)

large population

b)

diverse population

c)

large land area

d)

the existence of multiple religions

e)

industrialization

21.

In our federal system, the powers of the state governments are ultimately granted by

a)

their stateʹs Supreme Court.

b)

the people of their state.

c)

their state legislature.

d)

the United States Constitution

e)

the United States government.

22.

As the framers wrote the Constitution they had no practical choice but to adopt a federal

system for all but which of the following reasons?

a)

The confederation had clearly failed in managing the country’s problems.

b)

The population was too dispersed for a unitary system to work.

c)

Americansʹ loyalty to state governments was stronger than it was to the United States.

d)

America had always had a federal system and it would have been too radical and

disruptive a change to adopt another system.

e)

The countryʹs transportation and communication systems were too primitive for a

unitary government to work.

23.

From clean-air legislation to welfare reforms, the states constitute a ________ to develop and

test public policies and share the results with other states and the national government.

a)

major roadblock

b)

national laboratory

c)

neglected resource

d)

last chance

e)

severe reluctance

24.

Almost every policy the national government has adopted has originated with

a)

the Senate.

b)

the states.

c)

the House of Representatives.

d)

the Supreme Court.

e)

the president.

25.

Which of the following statements about federalism is FALSE?

a)

Federalism was hotly debated at the Constitutional Convention.

b)

Eighteenth-century Americans had little experience in thinking of themselves as

Americans first and state citizens second.

c)

There was no other practical choice in 1787 but to create a federal system of government.

d)

Loyalty to state governments was so strong that the Constitution would have been

resoundingly defeated had it tried to abolish them.

e)

None of the above; all are TRUE.

26.

The supremacy clause of the Constitution states that all of the following are the supreme law

of the land, EXCEPT

a)

laws of the national government (when consistent with the Constitution).

b)

the United States Constitution.

c)

state constitutions.

d)

treaties of the national government (when consistent with the Constitution).

e)

both C and D

27.

The Constitutionʹs supremacy clause

a)

does not apply to state and local matters.

b)

gives the states superiority over the national governmentʹs Constitution and laws.

c)

made the Constitution, the laws of the national government, and the national

governmentʹs treaties the supreme law of the land.

d)

is vague about which level of government should prevail in a dispute involving

federalism.

e)

makes the president supreme in any constitutional conflicts with the other two branches.

28.

The efforts of Candy Lightner and Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) to raise the legal

drinking age to 21 are an example of

a)

the supremacy of state government to regulate its own affairs.

b)

the constitutional authority of the national government to impose policies on state

governments.

c)

states acting as policy innovators.

d)

the unconstitutionality of age discrimination.

e)

the ability of the national government to influence state policy.

29.

The supremacy clause

a)

establishes the Constitution, laws of the national government, and treaties as the

supreme law of the land.

b)

establishes the Supreme Court as the final arbiter in all civil and criminal disputes.

c)

declares that the national government is superior to the states in every concern.

d)

states that powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited

by the states, are reserved to the states.

e)

states that the people are the supreme authority in the United States and that the

government shall be subservient to them.

30.

The primary thrust of the original intent and wording of the Tenth Amendment is that

a)

state legislatures have the ultimate authority to determine what a state governmentʹs

powers are.

b)

states have certain powers that the national government cannot encroach upon.

c)

the national government can take control of a state government during a national

emergency.

d)

national laws override state laws when there is a conflict between the two.

e)

both the states and national government are bound by the limitations in the Bill of

Rights.

31.

In the Constitution, the powers to coin money, to enter into treaties, and to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states were given to

a)

neither the individual states nor the national government.

b)

the national government.

c)

the individual states.

d)

the Senate only.

e)

both the individual states and the national government.

32.

The Tenth Amendment

a)

declares that the national government is superior to the states in every concern.

b)

establishes the Constitution, laws of the national government, and treaties as the

supreme law of the land.

c)

establishes the Supreme Court as the final arbiter in all civil and criminal disputes.

d)

establishes the number of electoral votes each state can cast in the electoral college.

e)

states that powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited

by the states, are reserved for the states.

33.

Only the national government is allowed to

a)

levy taxes.

b)

regulate commerce with foreign nations.

c)

take private property for public purposes.

d)

make and enforce laws.

e)

all of the above

34.

What was the main criticism of the national bank created by the United States government?

a)

It was printing too much worthless paper money which debtors were using to pay off

their debts.

b)

It was charging exorbitant interest rates on its loans.

c)

It was borrowing too much money, putting the United States government hopelessly in

debt.

d)

It was an instrument of the elite and gave the national government too much control of

the economy.

e)

It did not efficiently distribute money to the states.

35.

Which of these was NOT a principle established in the case of McCulloch v. Maryland?

a)

State governments are forbidden spending more money than they raise each year, while

there is no such requirement on the national government.

b)

The national government can establish a national bank, even though the Constitution

does not say it can.

c)

The national government is supreme to the states when it is acting within its sphere of

action.

d)

The national government has certain implied powers that go beyond its enumerated

powers.

e)

State laws preempt national laws when the national government clearly exceeds its

constitutional powers and intrudes upon state powers.

36.

In its McCulloch v. Maryland decision, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of

a)

judicial restraint.

b)

judicial review.

c)

the supremacy of the national government over the states.

d)

the supremacy of the states over the national government.

e)

Maryland in a dispute with the national government.

37.

The McCulloch v. Maryland case dealt with what specific grievance?

a)

a state taxing a national bank

b)

toll bridges on interstate roads

c)

the location of Marylandʹs capital city

d)

a state coining its own money

e)

import taxes on goods made in other states

38.

The principle of the supremacy of federal law over state law was affirmed in

a)

Marbury v. Madison.

b)

the Tenth Amendment.

c)

United States v. Darby.

d)

McCulloch v. Maryland.

e)

the presidential election of 1804.

39.

The Supreme Court case of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

a)

established Baltimore as the capital of Maryland.

b)

stated that the Constitution gave Congress implied powers.

c)

established the principle of judicial review.

d)

established the supremacy of state governments

e)

recognized that Congress was limited to its enumerated powers.

40.

The principle that the national government has certain implied powers that go beyond its

enumerated powers was first elaborated in the Supreme Courtʹs decision in

a)

United States v. the States.

b)

B) Gibbons v. Ogden.

c)

Miranda v. Arizona.

d)

McCulloch v. Maryland.

e)

Marbury v. Madison.

41.

The enumerated powers of Congress and the national government are those

a)

specifically spelled out in the Constitution.

b)

B) set out in the first ten amendments.

c)

involving taxes, spending, and fiscal policy.

d)

not specifically spelled out in the Constitution, but nonetheless acknowledged.

e)

requiring ratification by the states.

42.

Federal policies to regulate food and drugs, build interstate highways, protect consumers, try

to clean up dirty air and water, and do many other things are all justified as ________ of

Congress.

a)

implied powers

b)

categorical grants

c)

constitutionally specified powers

d)

reserved powers

e)

enumerated powers

43.

The Constitutionʹs provision that Congress has the right to ʺmake all laws necessary and

proper for carrying into executionʺ its powers is often referred to as the

a)

enumerated powers.

b)

heart of fiscal federalism.

c)

Unwritten Amendment.

d)

elastic clause.

e)

privileges and immunities.

44.

In determining the power of Congress to regulate commerce in the case of Gibbons v. Ogden (1824), the Supreme Court

a)

prohibited Congress from regulating business activity on the grounds it violated private

property rights.

b)

listed the implied powers of Congress and the national government.

c)

defined commerce very narrowly in considering the right of Congress to regulate it.

d)

listed the enumerated powers of Congress and the national government.

e)

defined commerce very broadly, encompassing virtually every form of commercial

activity.

45.

The Constitution states that Congress has the power to establish post offices. This is an

example of

a)

enumerated powers.

b)

delegated powers.

c)

implied powers.

d)

reserved powers.

e)

shared powers.

46.

Which of the following federal policies exemplifies the implied powers of Congress?

a)

environmental protection law

b)

income tax

c)

the regulation of interstate commerce

d)

the provision of an army and a navy

e)

all of the above

47.

Federal policies to regulate food and drugs, build interstate highways, and protect consumers

are all justified as

a)

presidential prerogatives.

b)

enumerated powers of Congress.

c)

delegated powers of Congress.

d)

implied powers of Congress.

e)

both C and D

48.

The Supreme Court case of Gibbons v. Ogden

a)

defined the meaning of the elastic clause.

b)

settled the contested presidential election of 1824.

c)

defined commerce as virtually every form of commercial activity.

d)

established the principle of implied powers.

e)

established the supremacy of the national government.

49.

Enumerated powers are those that are

a)

reserved for the states.

b)

stated in the Constitution.

c)

implied in the Constitution.

d)

involving money matters.

e)

granted specifically to the president.

50.

Abraham Lincoln announced in his 1861 inaugural address that he would willingly support a

constitutional amendment to

a)

prohibit states from seceding from the Union.

b)

return the United States to a confederation, with greater powers given to the states.

c)

establish the United States as a unitary system, where states would have to obey all

national government decisions.

d)

outlaw slavery.

e)

guarantee slavery.

51.

The Supreme Court case of Printz v. United States

a)

enhanced the powers of Congress by expanding its interpretation of commerce.

b)

denied Congress the power of regulating guns in school zones.

c)

voided the congressional mandate in the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act

requiring local community officials to conduct background checks on prospective gun

purchasers.

d)

affirmed the provisions of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act.

e)

none of the above

52.

In the 1950s and 1960s, the proclamation of statesʹ rights was usually made by those opposing the national governmentʹs efforts in the area of

a)

the Vietnam War.

b)

abortion rights.

c)

civil rights for African Americans.

d)

the interstate highway system.

e)

E) the Korean War.

53.

The Constitution requires that states give ________ to the public acts, records, and civil judicial

proceedings of every other state.

a)

privileges and immunities

b)

due process

c)

full faith and credit

d)

some consideration

e)

extradition

54.

Contracts between business firms can be enforced across state boundaries as part of the

constitutional provision of

a)

interstate compacts.

b)

privileges and immunities.

c)

implied powers of the states.

d)

extradition.

e)

full faith and credit.

55.

A marriage license issued in one state is valid and honored in all states under the

constitutional provision of

a)

separation of powers.

b)

full faith and credit.

c)

national supremacy.

d)

national licensure.

e)

privileges and immunities.

56.

The fact that a driverʹs license from one state is valid in other states is an example of

a)

privileges and immunities.

b)

extradition.

c)

implied powers.

d)

full faith and credit.

e)

unmandated reciprocity.

57.

The constitutional requirement that the states return a person charged with a crime in another state to that state for trial or imprisonment is known as

a)

forfeiture.

b)

extradition.

c)

privileges and immunities.

d)

full faith and credit.

e)

the elastic clause.

58.

One recently controversial application of the ʺfull faith and creditʺ provision of the

Constitution is for

a)

extradition.

b)

birth certificates.

c)

same gender marriages.

d)

bigamy.

e)

abortion

59.

Extradition is the requirement that states

a)

provide sanctuary for federal criminals.

b)

cannot discriminate against citizens of other states.

c)

recognize each others public acts, records, and civil judicial proceedings.

d)

must return a person charged with a crime in another state to that state for trial or

imprisonment.

e)

enforce federal law within their state.

60.

In ________________ federalism, the powers and policy assignments of the different levels of government are distinct, like a layer cake.

a)

fiscal

b)

dual

c)

triparitite

d)

cooperative

e)

anti-

61.

The national government has exclusive control over foreign and military policy, the postal

system, and monetary policy, while the states have exclusive control over other specific areas.

This division of responsibilities reflects

a)

dual federalism.

b)

divided government.

c)

tripartite federalism.

d)

cooperative federalism.

e)

fiscal federalism.

62.

In Saenz v. Roe, the Supreme Court ruled that

a)

California was required to recognize the legality of same sex marriages.

b)

California could not require a new resident to wait one year before being eligible for

welfare benefits.

c)

California could withhold educational benefits from children of illegal immigrants.

d)

California was required to offer bilingual education programs in the public elementary

schools.

e)

California could not provide welfare benefits to illegal immigrants.

63.

A tuition difference between in-state and out-of-state students is an example of

a)

dual federalism.

b)

federal exceptions to the full faith and credit provision.

c)

full faith and credit being extended to all students.

d)

how states make exceptions to the privileges and immunities clause.

e)

project grants to the states.

64.

If the allocation of power in a cooperative federal system were compared to a cake it would be

most like

a)

a layer cake with two distinct layers.

b)

a single-layer cake.

c)

a cake walk: who gets what is random.

d)

fifty marbled cupcakes.

e)

a layer cake with many layers.

65.

If the allocation of power under dual federalism were compared to a cake it would be most

like

a)

a marbled cake where the flavors blend into each other.

b)

an angel food cake fluffy with little substance.

c)

New York cheesecake heavy and crushing under its own weight.

d)

a layer cake, with two distinct layers.

e)

a cupcake.

66.

Over time, there has been a gradual change from a dual federalism to a(n) ________

federalism.

a)

unitary

b)

single

c)

tripartite

d)

cooperative

e)

fiscal

67.

In ________ federalism, the powers and policy assignments of different levels of government are like a marble cake, with mingled responsibilities and blurred distinctions between layers of

government.

a)

fiscal

b)

mixed

c)

dual

d)

cooperative

e)

tripartite

68.

In dual federalism,

a)

the state governments assume greater fiscal responsibility.

b)

there are only two branches of government.

c)

the federal government assumes greater fiscal responsibility.

d)

powers are shared between states and the federal government.

e)

states and the national government each remain supreme within their own spheres.

69.

In cooperative federalism,

a)

states and the national government each remain supreme within their own spheres.

b)

responsibilities are mingled and distinctions are blurred between the levels of

government.

c)

powers and policy assignments of the layers of government are distinct.

d)

states are supreme over the national government.

e)

both A and B

70.

Since the ratification of the Constitution, American federalism has gradually changed from

a)

cooperative to dual federalism.

b)

state domination to national domination.

c)

dual to cooperative federalism.

d)

a unitary to a federal system.

e)

a federal system to a unitary one.

71.

Which of the following statements about federalism is false?

a)

In cooperative federalism, sometimes even blame is shared when programs do not work

well.

b)

The American system has always been neatly separated into purely state and purely

national responsibilities.

c)

In cooperative federalism, policy assignments are shared between states and the national

government.

d)

Cooperative federalism today rests on several standard operating procedures.

e)

None; all are true.

72.

Federal support for public education is an example of a

a)

pragmatic federalism.

b)

dual federalism.

c)

cooperative federalism.

d)

layer cake federalism.

e)

separation of powers

73.

Funding for the interstate highway system is an example of

a)

dual federalism.

b)

cooperative federalism.

c)

tripartite federalism.

d)

a unitary system of government

e)

national federalism.

74.

The National Defense Education Act, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, and the

Interstate Highway System are all examples of

a)

dual federalism.

b)

cooperative federalism.

c)

triangulation.

d)

layer cake federalism.

e)

unitary federalism

75.

Which of the following is NOT a standard operating procedure of cooperative federalism

today?

a)

distinctly separated powers of state and national governments

b)

federal grants-in-aid

c)

shared administration of programs

d)

shared financing of government

e)

federal guidelines imposed on states

76.

Which of the following does NOT characterize the standard operating procedure of

cooperative federalism today?

a)

federal guidelines

b)

grants-in-aid

c)

shared costs

d)

separate and distinct roles for the national and state governments

e)

shared administration

77.

Standard operating procedures in cooperative federalism include each of the following

EXCEPT

a)

shared administration.

b)

shared costs.

c)

federal funding with no strings attached.

d)

federal guidelines.

e)

categorical and block grants.

78.

In cooperative federalism, in order to qualify for federal grant money, cities and states must

a)

match federal funding dollar for dollar.

b)

propose standard operating procedures.

c)

allow federal agencies to administer the funds.

d)

follow federal guidelines for adopting and enforcing federal laws.

e)

all of the above

79.

Federal regulation of state governments is usually accomplished through

a)

United States Supreme Court decisions

b)

presidential decrees.

c)

attaching conditions to grants it gives them.

d)

federalization of a stateʹs national guard.

e)

direct, executive orders.

80.

About ________ of the funds state and local governments spend comes from the federal

government.

a)

33 percent

b)

25 percent

c)

50 percent

d)

75 percent

e)

90 percent

81.

Federal aid to state and local governments accounts for how much of federal spending?

a)

33 percent

b)

50 percent

c)

2 percent

d)

18 percent

e)

75 percent

82.

The main instrument the national government uses to influence state governments is

a)

grants-in-aid.

b)

mandates.

c)

judicial review.

d)

the Tenth Amendment.

e)

presidential decrees.

83.

Fiscal federalism is

a)

the pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system.

b)

the distinct separation of national government spending versus state and local

government spending.

c)

the federal governmentʹs regulation of the money supply and interest rates.

d)

the federal income tax.

e)

a sharing of local and national resources practiced in other countries but not in the

United States.

84.

The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system is called

a)

economic federalism.

b)

dual federalism.

c)

cooperative federalism.

d)

fiscal federalism.

e)

monetary federalism.

85.

The main instrument the national government uses for both aiding and influencing states and

localities is

a)

judicial decisions.

b)

politics.

c)

grants-in-aid.

d)

mandates.

e)

revenue sharing.

86.

Of all the funds spent by state and local governments, federal aid accounts for about

a)

two-thirds.

b)

one-half.

c)

one-fourth.

d)

three percent.

e)

one-third.

87.

The principal type of federal aid for states and localities is

a)

categorical grants.

b)

disaster loans.

c)

revenue sharing.

d)

block grants.

e)

urban renewal grants.

88.

Which of the following is NOT true about categorical grants?

a)

The federal government is less likely to apply conditions to these grants today than in the

1970s.

b)

There are several hundred specific purposes or categories for which these grants can be

used.

c)

Virtually every one is enshrouded in rules and regulations for its use.

d)

A project grant is the most typical type of categorical grant.

e)

Categorical grants are monies that can be spent in broad categories of functions.

89.

The main type of federal aid to state and local governments is in the form of

a)

block grants.

b)

formula grants.

c)

categorical grants.

d)

project grants

e)

revenue sharing.

90.

The requirement of a drinking age provision before states can receive federal highway aid is

an example of

a)

a string attached to categorical grants.

b)

an important element of the ʺformulaʺ used to calculate formula grants.

c)

a project grant supported by the interest groups.

d)

the efforts of state agencies to get federal funds.

e)

an unfunded mandate.

91.

The most common type of categorical grant is

a)

block grants.

b)

a rescission fund.

c)

project grants.

d)

disaster relief.

e)

revenue sharing.

92.

A project grant is

a)

money awarded for public housing in urban areas of the nation.

b)

awarded more or less automatically to states or communities.

c)

awarded on the basis of competitive application.

d)

restricted to construction projects.

e)

distributed on the basis of population, per capita income, percentage of rural population,

or some other factor.

93.

Programs such as Medicaid and Aid for Families with Dependent Children, where applicants

automatically qualify for aid if they meet the requirements, are examples of

a)

dual federalism.

b)

project grants.

c)

formula grants.

d)

block grants.

e)

welfare.

94.

In contrast to the Democratic Congress of recent decades, the new Republican majority in

Congress is passing more federal aid in the form of

a)

revenue sharing.

b)

categorical grants.

c)

block grants.

d)

tax credits.

e)

tax expenditures.

95.

The fact that the former Republican majority in Congress prefers block grants to categorical

grants indicates that

a)

they want to increase federal aid to state governments.

b)

they want federal money to be spent at the neighborhood level rather than the state level.

c)

they want to decrease federal aid to state governments.

d)

they want the federal government to exercise less authority over the states.

e)

they intend to raise more money from state governments to reduce the federal budget

deficit.

96.

In response to complaints from state and local governments about the paperwork and

requirements attached to most grants, Congress has established ________ to support programs

in areas like community development and social services.

a)

formula grants

b)

block grants

c)

project grants

d)

categorical grants

e)

computerized grant applications

97.

On the whole, federal grant distribution follows the principle of

a)

universalism.

b)

stinginess.

c)

cronyism.

d)

to the victors go the spoils.

e)

needs-testing.

98.

Project grants

a)

have no strings attached.

b)

are awarded on the basis of competitive applications.

c)

are distributed according to a specific formula.

d)

are automatically given to states and communities.

e)

all of the above

99.

Grants for specific programs distributed according to community demographic factors, such as population or income, are

a)

formula grants.

b)

categorical grants.

c)

revenue sharing grants.

d)

project grants.

e)

block grants.

100.

Medicaid and Aid for Families with Dependent Children are examples of

a)

categorical grants.

b)

formula grants.

c)

project grants.

d)

state grants.

e)

block grants.

101.

Grants that are given more or less automatically to states or communities, which have

discretion in deciding how to spend the money are called

a)

project grants.

b)

discretionary grants.

c)

formula grants.

d)

categorical grants.

e)

block grants.

102.

A broad program for community development would most likely be supported through a(n)

a)

formula grant.

b)

enterprise zone.

c)

project grant.

d)

categorical grant.

e)

block grant.

103.

Which of the following statements about federal block grants is FALSE?

a)

Block grants were created to lessen the paperwork and strings attached to many

grants-in-aid.

b)

Congress has established an unlimited number of block grants to support narrowly

defined programs.

c)

The Republican Congress is increasing block grants.

d)

States have discretion in deciding how to spend block grant money.

e)

They provide the states more flexibility in spending.

104.

The largest percentage of federal grants to states and localities is in the area of

a)

defense

b)

health

c)

transportation

d)

education

e)

homeland security

105.

Expansions of mandated programs by the national government present especially difficult

funding problems for

a)

Congress.

b)

federal taxpayers.

c)

state and local governments.

d)

foreign governments.

e)

the recipient of the service or program.

106.

In 1995, the Republican majority in Congress, in contrast to previous Democratic Congresses,

a)

limited the use of unfunded mandates.

b)

prohibited the states from using unfunded mandates.

c)

limited the use of block grants.

d)

avoided funded mandates.

e)

all of the above

107.

Medicaid is an example of

a)

a federal grant program that produces considerable competition between the states.

b)

a federal grant program that receives little support from the political parties.

c)

a federal block grant.

d)

a federal grant program that puts an economic strain on the states.

e)

all of the above

108.

Which of the following is most equitably distributed in America?

a)

income

b)

access to education

c)

taxes

d)

credit

e)

federal aid to states and cities

109.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

a)

Federal grants can put an unwanted financial burden on states.

b)

When Congress imposes a program on the states, it also provides the funds for the

program.

c)

Congress decreased funding of Medicaid in the 1980s to relieve state financial burdens.

d)

States are always seeking increases in grant programs.

e)

all of the above

110.

A number of states have sued the federal government for reimbursement of funds on the

grounds that

a)

overcrowded prisons are a form of cruel and unusual punishment.

b)

Trick question! States cannot sue the federal government.

c)

it has no right to charter a national bank.

d)

the federal government isnʹt preventing illegal immigration into their states.

e)

the Federal Reserve Board has pushed interest rates too high, increasing state borrowing

costs.

111.

________ have usually found the individual state governments to be more sympathetic than

the national government to their demands.

a)

Feminists

b)

Civil rights advocates

c)

Business interests

d)

Those favoring the closing of military bases

e)

Supporters of organized labor

112.

Sometimes states tackle problems that are generally considered national problems. This is

most likely to occur when the federal government acts in a way that most state residents do

not like. An example of this is

a)

state funding for stem cell research in California.

b)

lowering the minimum wage.

c)

collecting taxes on purchases made on the Internet.

d)

restrictions on the chemicals that can be used for developing digital photographs.

e)

local school board policies about which textbooks are appropriate.

113.

Business interests have traditionally found their demands received most favorably by

a)

state governments.

b)

the courts.

c)

Congress.

d)

the president.

e)

cities.

114.

Federalism is advantageous for democracy for each of the following reasons EXCEPT

a)

allows for a greater diversity of opinion to be reflected in public policies.

b)

increases the number of decisions and compromises made at the national level.

c)

increases access to government.

d)

allows more opportunities for political participation.

e)

allows customization of policies for local needs.

115.

Federalism contributes to democracy by each of the following ways EXCEPT

a)

easing the burdens on the national government so it can function more effectively.

b)

increasing the opportunities for government to be responsive to demands for policies.

c)

increasing access to government.

d)

having state governments add thousands of elected offices for which citizens may vote or

run.

e)

providing a means for unified public policy.

116.

As a result of our federal form of government, the death penalty in the United States

a)

is mandatory.

b)

is in violation of the Eighth Amendment.

c)

is permissible at the federal level, but banned at the state level.

d)

varies substantially by state.

e)

is permissible because it is not considered cruel and unusual punishment.

117.

Each of the following is considered a disadvantage of federalism for democracy EXCEPT

a)

local interests may be able to thwart national majority support of certain policies.

b)

powerful interests in a state can use the state as a power base to promote their interests.

c)

voter turnout rates in state and local elections are even lower than in national elections.

d)

large number of governments in the United States make exercising democratic control

more difficult.

e)

policy diversity can discourage states from providing services that would otherwise be

available.

118.

Spending on public education illustrates

a)

cooperation between states and federal government for unified policy.

b)

the advantages of fiscal federalism.

c)

the diversity in the quality of education among states as a result of federalism.

d)

the national curriculum that exists in the United States.

e)

advantages of relying on states to supply public services.

119.

How many governments are there in the United States?

a)

538

b)

over 100,000

c)

51

d)

one

e)

50

120.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

a)

The federal government has given billions of dollars in subsidies to private industries.

b)

The national government took a direct interest in economic affairs from the very

founding of the republic.

c)

As the country became more industrialized many interests asked the national

government to restrain monopolies and encourage open competition.

d)

As the country became more industrialized and urbanized, economic interest groups

turned to the state governments rather than the federal government for help.

e)

The national government has increasingly involved itself in the economic marketplace.

121.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

a)

Federalism reduces decision making and conflict at the national level.

b)

Federalism reduces the opportunities for political participation.

c)

Federalism allows the diversity of opinion within the country to be reflected in different

public policies among the states.

d)

There are over a half million elected officials in the United States as a result of the federal

system.

e)

The federal system ensures that each state can establish a power base to promote its

interests.

122.

Over the last 125 years the people of the United States have turned increasingly to the national government to solve problems or provide assistance because

a)

the Tenth Amendment gave increased power to the national government.

b)

a problem or policy often requires the authority and resources of the national

government

c)

of corruption at the state level.

d)

we have a unitary government.

e)

of persistent corruption in state and local government.

123.

Americaʹs ________ society makes it more sensible to have Social Security administered on a national rather than a state-by-state basis.

a)

electronic

b)

free enterprise

c)

mobile

d)

multi-ethnic

e)

aging

124.

The proportion of the United States gross national product spent by state and local

governments has ________ since 1929.

a)

increased at a much faster rate compared to the national government

b)

increased, but not nearly as fast as the national governmentʹs

c)

dropped considerably

d)

remained steady

e)

dropped slightly

125.

Today, roughly ________ of the gross domestic product is spent by state and local

governments.

a)

7.5 percent

b)

25 percent

c)

10 percent

d)

15 percent

e)

1 percent

126.

The rapid growth of the national government is largely due to the fact that

a)

the diversity of interests within and among the states require a national focus.

b)

states are constitutionally prohibited from maintaining independent defense forces and

policies.

c)

the states have failed to adequately represent their interests.

d)

the Constitution requires that most programs be administered by the national

government.

e)

most problems and policies require the authority and resources of the national

government.

127.

Since 1929, the national governmentʹs share of American governmental expenditures ha

a)

dropped.

b)

remained the same.

c)

approached nearly 100 percent.

d)

grown rapidly.

e)

grown at a slower rate than the statesʹ share.

128.

Today, the national government spends about

a)

a tenth of our gross domestic product.

b)

a half of our gross domestic product.

c)

100 percent of our gross domestic product.

d)

a fifth of our gross domestic product.

e)

a third of our gross domestic product.

129.

Which of the following statements about the state governments is accurate?

a)

They carry out virtually all the functions they always have, while the national

government has taken on new functions.

b)

The national government has taken away nearly all the functions the states used to

perform.

c)

The national government has taken away about half the functions the states used to

perform.

d)

There has been a sharp decrease in the proportion of gross national product spent by

states and localities since 1929.

e)

Their policy functions have nearly been taken over by the national government.