WorksheetsMatter and Energy Quiz
Total questions: 43
Worksheet time: 1hrs 21mins
The diagram illustrates the steps in a process that occurs in the cells of many organisms.
Identify one specific molecule used to store the energy being released during this process.
ATP
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Water
Chemicals that help chemical reactions occur at faster rates in living organisms are known as
biotic resources
simple sugars
oxygen molecules
organic catalysts
The cells of some organisms contain both chloroplasts and mitochondria. Which statement describes what would happen in these cells if they were moved from a light environment to a dark one?
The amount of oxygen present would decrease and the amount of carbon dioxide would increase.
The amount of glucose present would increase and ATP would no longer be available.
The amount of carbon dioxide present would decrease and ATP would continue to be synthesized.
The amount of oxygen present would increase and the amount of glucose available would decrease.
Base your answer on the word equations below and on your knowledge of biology. The equations represent two biochemical processes that occur in living organisms. The letter X represents a molecule produced from process 1.
Process 1: oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxide + water + X
Process 2: carbon dioxide + water → oxygen + glucose
Which process occurs in the cells of a green plant leaf?
process 1, only
process 2, only
neither process 1 nor process 2
both process 1 and process 2
The chart below lists substances involved in the process of photosynthesis.
Substance
A - glucose
B - oxygen
C - carbon dioxide
D - water
Which statement best describes how these substances interact in photosynthesis?
A and B combine to produce C and D.
B and C combine to produce A and D.
C and D combine to produce A and B.
A and C combine to produce B and D.
Base your answer on the information below and on your knowledge of biology.
A student has a sandwich for lunch. The bread contains starch molecules and various other molecules. After chewing and swallowing some of the sandwich, the starch moves along the digestive system and is digested. The sequence below represents what takes place next.
digested starch → bloodstream → cell → cell structure →ATP
Identify the molecules that are used to digest the starch
Enzymes
ATP
Glucose
Red Blood Cells
Base your answer on the information below and on your knowledge of biology.
A student has a sandwich for lunch. The bread contains starch molecules and various other molecules. After chewing and swallowing some of the sandwich, the starch moves along the digestive system and is digested. The sequence below represents what takes place next.
digested starch → bloodstream → cell → cell structure →ATP
Identify the molecules produced when starch is digested
Enzymes
Glucose
ATP
Red Blood Cells
Base your answers to the question on the diagram below, which represents a metabolic process, and on your knowledge of biology.
This process best represents
the bonding of amino acids to form a starch molecule
the digestion of amino acids to form a starch molecule
the bonding of simple sugars to form a starch molecule
the digestion of simple sugars to form a starch molecule
The inability of an organism to produce certain proteins can occur when an organism is lacking an enzyme needed to combine
oxygen molecules
simple sugars
amino acids
biological catalysts
Which row in the chart below correctly pairs a food molecule with its building block?
Row 1
Row 2
Row 3
Row 4
The diagram below represents a cell structure involved in converting energy stored in organic molecules into a form used by animal cells.
The arrows represent the movement of which substances?
carbon dioxide and sugar
oxygen and ATP
ATP and carbon dioxide
oxygen and sugar
Which group consists entirely of organic molecules?
protein, oxygen, fat
protein, starch, fat
water, carbon dioxide, oxygen
water, starch, protein
Even though human proteins are synthesized from only 20 different amino acids, there are thousands of different proteins found in human cells. This great variety of proteins is possible because the
size of a specific amino acid can vary within a protein
chemical composition of a specific amino acid can vary
sequence and number of amino acids can be different in each protein
same amino acid can have many different properties
The shape of a protein molecule directly determines its
movements through the cytoplasm
functions inside and outside of cells
roles in building water molecules
circulation throughout the body
The basic building blocks of a protein are
glucose molecules
amino acids
hormones
fats
The diagram represents a portion of a starch molecule.
The building blocks for this molecule are
amino acids
simple sugars
fats
molecular bases
The diagram represents a portion of a starch molecule.
The energy in this molecule is stored
in the bonds between atoms
in the oxygen found in the molecule
when the carbon atoms break off
when water breaks this molecule apart
The diagram represents a plant leaf cell and two different molecules used in the process of glucose synthesis.
Which statement best describes a function of glucose in plant cells?
It is converted into solar energy in the chloroplasts.
It can be used directly as a building block in protein synthesis.
It can be used during the digestion of fats.
It is used during cellular respiration in the mitochondria.
Base your answer on the information and graph below and on your knowledge of biology.
The pH of the internal environment of lysosomes (organelles that contain digestive enzymes) is approximately 4.5, while the pH of the surrounding cytoplasm is approximately 7. The average pH of the human stomach during digestion is approximately 2.5, while the average pH of the small intestine during digestion is about 8.
The graph below shows how pH affects the enzyme activity of four different enzymes, A, B, C, and D
What will most likely happen to the action of an enzyme from the small intestine if it is placed in an environment similar to the environment in which enzyme C functions best?
It would no longer be able to function because the environment is too acidic.
It would adapt to the new environment and start carrying out the same function as enzyme C.
It would continue to function because it is able to modify the pH of the environment.
It would be able to function because the pH of the environment is similar to that of the intestine
Base your answer on the information and graph below and on your knowledge of biology.
The pH of the internal environment of lysosomes (organelles that contain digestive enzymes) is approximately 4.5, while the pH of the surrounding cytoplasm is approximately 7. The average pH of the human stomach during digestion is approximately 2.5, while the average pH of the small intestine during digestion is about 8.
The graph below shows how pH affects the enzyme activity of four different enzymes, A, B, C, and D
Lysosomes break open during the process of digestion, releasing enzymes into the cytoplasm. Which statement may explain why the entire cell may not be digested?
The acidic environment of the cytoplasm destroys the enzymes.
Antibodies in the cytoplasm break down foreign enzymes.
The pH of the cytoplasm causes the enzymes to function less effectively.
Enzymes can function only in the location where they are synthesized.
In the human body, carbon monoxide reduces the amount of oxygen that can be transported to cells. Breathing in too much carbon monoxide will most likely result in the production of
less ATP
less glucose
more DNA
more protein
During the process of cellular respiration, energy is released from
carbon dioxide
oxygen atoms
water molecules
chemical bonds
Base your answer on the word equations below and on your knowledge of biology. The equations represent two biochemical processes that occur in living organisms. The letter X represents a molecule produced from process 1.
Process 1: oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxide + water + X
Process 2: carbon dioxide + water → oxygen + glucose
Identify the molecule represented by letter X in process 1.
ATP
Enzymes
Organic Catalyst
Sunlight
The diagram below shows part of the human body with some organs that help to carry out the removal of wastes.
The energy necessary to perform this function comes directly from the
exchange of H2O and O2 during respiration
blood flowing through the organs
ATP molecules produced during cellular respiration
water that is eliminated by the organs
Which life process carried out by a green plant is represented in the diagram below?
respiration
photosynthesis
digestion
replication
The diagram illustrates the steps in a process that occurs in the cells of many organisms.
Based on the diagram, the process of glycolysis most likely
begins the breakdown of glucose
produces oxygen for organisms to use
stores energy in molecules of water and carbon dioxide
recycles glucose within the cells of simple organisms
The diagram illustrates the steps in a process that occurs in the cells of many organisms.
Identify one specific molecule used to store the energy being released during this process.
ATP
CO2
Glucose
Biological Catalysts
Chemicals that help chemical reactions occur at faster rates in living organisms are known as
biotic resources
simple sugars
oxygen molecules
organic catalysts
A student wants to test the hypothesis that an acidic environment will decrease enzyme activity. In the experiment, the student used an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and bubbles of oxygen. To test the hypothesis, the student should collect data on the number of oxygen bubbles produced at different
temperatures
pH levels
enzyme concentrations
concentrations of hydrogen peroxide
One effect of uncontrolled diabetes is that the blood might develop an acidic pH. As a result, cells may not be able to regulate their internal pH. Within these cells, this could cause a disruption of the function of biological catalysts known as
enzymes
toxins
antibodies
antigens
Base your answers to the question on the diagram below, which represents a metabolic process, and on your knowledge of biology.
The letter X in the process represents
an antibody
a hormone
a receptor
an enzyme
The graphs show the relative enzymatic activity of four different enzymes in acidic (below pH 7) and basic (above pH 7) environments.
Which enzyme would most likely function in the stomach?
pepsin
papain
chymotrypsin
cholinesterase
The graphs show the relative enzymatic activity of four different enzymes in acidic (below pH 7) and basic (above pH 7) environments.
The activity of which enzyme decreases in both acidic and basic environments?
chymotrypsin
pepsin
cholinesterase
papain
Animals eat and digest food to obtain the energy available for life activities. Identify the type of protein molecules used to chemically digest food
Enzymes
Receptors
Neurotransmitters
Teeth
Photosynthesis and respiration are alike in that they both
require the Sun as a direct source of energy
result in the production of glucose molecules
require specific catalysts
occur within mitochondria
Which statement is supported by the information in the graph below?
The enzymes respond in a similar way to changes in temperature.
The enzymes in bacteria function best at 40°C.
The enzymes function best at the same temperature.
The enzymes break down the same substances.
The graph below represents the effect of pH on three different enzymes at normal body temperature.
The graph illustrates that enzymes 1, 2, and 3
are not affected by pH
work best at different pH levels
work best in an acidic environment
work best in a basic environment
The Enzyme Catalase
Catalase is an enzyme found in nearly all living organisms that breathe or are exposed to oxygen. According to recent scientific studies, low levels of catalase may play a role in the graying process of human hair. The body naturally produces hydrogen peroxide, and catalase breaks it down into water and oxygen. If there is a dip in catalase levels, hydrogen peroxide cannot be broken down. This causes hydrogen peroxide to bleach hair from the inside out. Scientists believe this finding may someday be used in anti-graying treatments for hair.
A pharmaceutical company, investigating ways to prevent hair from turning gray, took tissue samples from two different individuals. Both individuals were the same age. Each of the samples was placed in a solution of hydrogen peroxide. The volume of oxygen gas produced was measured every 5 minutes for 25 minutes. The data the company collected are shown below.
If the temperature of the tissue samples used in the experiment had been raised from 37°C (body temperature) to 50°C, the results would have been different because
more enzymes are produced at higher temperatures, increasing the amount of hydrogen peroxide
more hydrogen peroxide is released at higher temperatures, increasing the activity of catalase
increasing temperatures altered the structure of catalase, decreasing oxygen production
increasing temperatures decreased the synthesis of amino acids, increasing levels of hydrogen peroxide
In living cells, chemical processes, such as synthesis, all require the action of
specialized antibiotics
hormones
salts
biological catalysts
In the diagram below, X represents a process that causes a protein to unfold and stop functioning.
Process X is most likely caused by
the digestion of the amino acids that make up the proteins
the synthesis of a protein with different simple sugars
removal of the gene that codes for the production of the protein
an internal factor in the body, such as a temperature increase
The function of a specific enzyme is most directly influenced by its
molecular size
physical shape
carrying capacity
stored energy
Shrimp that live in the cold waters off Alaska will die if introduced into warm water. One likely reason these shrimp do not survive is that enzymes in the shrimp
start to replicate
change shape
are composed of fat molecules that melt
break down into small starch molecules
The diagrams below represent two molecules that are involved in metabolic activities in some living cells.
The shape of each of the molecules is important because
molecules having different shapes are always found in different organisms
the shape of a molecule determines how it functions in chemical reactions
the shape of a molecule determines the age of an organism
if the shape of any molecule in an organism changes, the DNA in that organism will also change
