The nurse uses a diagram to show that fluids in the interstitial and intravascular compartments are combined. What do they combine to form?

The nurse must keep an accurate intake and output record to assess kidney efficiency. In order for the kidneys to remove waste, what is the least amount of hourly urine output the kidneys must produce to remove waste?

The nurse explains to a patient that the drug Lasix reduces edema by drawing water from the interstitial space into the intravascular space. What is this process called?

What does actively transporting electrolytes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration require?

Sodium is the most abundant electrolyte in the body. The location of electrolytes is important for maintaining homeostasis. Sodium is the major electrolyte in which fluid compartment?

The lactating mother is counseled by the nurse to eat adequate amounts of meat and legumes. What level will this help to increase?

A nurse assesses an edematous cardiac patient. The nurse is aware that this condition is a result of retained fluid. What is the patient considered to be?

What is the nurse closely assessing for in a patient with hypokalemia?

The nurse modifies the care plan for the immobilized patient after assessing a calcium level of 6.2 mEq/L. What nursing assessment should the nurse include when modifying this care plan?

The nurse is educating a patient regarding the need to avoid foods high in potassium. What food choices led the nurse to conclude that teaching was not effective?

A 10-month-old infant has had watery green stool for 2 days and refuses the bottle. The nurse is aware that the primary concern for this baby is:

An isotonic state exists within a patient’s body fluids when the solute concentration of:

The nurse is aware that an infant is more at risk for dehydration because the infant:

A nurse gets a positive Chvostek’s sign on a young woman with bulimia who has been giving herself frequent enemas containing phosphate. The nurse anticipates a laboratory finding of _____ mEq/L.

A patient has been identified as having a dietary deficiency of vitamin D. The nurse understands that this patient is also at risk for having a deficiency of:

The nurse explains that the dehydrated patient’s urine is concentrated because:

The nurse is aware that small ions such as glucose, oxygen, and carbon dioxide redistribute themselves through semi-permeable membranes by a process called:

A patient with congestive heart failure has gained 1.1 pounds over the last 24 hours. The nurse is aware that this weight gain represents a fluid retention of _____ L.

A patient drank a cup of coffee, a half glass of orange juice, and half a carton of milk with breakfast. Using common equivalents of food containers as a guide, the nurse notes on the intake column of the intake and output sheet that the patient consumed _____ mL. You have 15 minutes to calculate this question.

The nurse is aware that the patient who suffered a brain injury with cerebral edema will most likely receive a fluid that is:

The patient who is prescribed furosemide for fluid-volume excess is discharged home. The patient verbalizes understanding of his disease process when he says:

The nurse assessing a newly admitted patient with marked edema from severe congestive failure would anticipate that the patient would exhibit: (Select all that apply.)

The nurse assessing a patient with vomiting and diarrhea observes that the urine is scant and concentrated. The nurse explains that the compensatory reabsorption of water is controlled by:

Prior to hanging an IV containing potassium, the nurse will confirm that there is a:

Because the 80-year-old patient is prone to dehydration related to the age-related change of decreased thirst and kidney function, the nurse monitors for the earliest sign of dehydration, which is:

The nurse can record that the compensatory mechanism for the correction of metabolic acidosis is in effect when the nurse observes:

The nurse is assessing the hydration status of the patient. The nurse demonstrates knowledge of proper assessment techniques by: (Select all that apply.)

When caring for a patient admitted with hyponatremia, which actions will the nurse anticipate taking?

The home health nurse notes that an elderly patient has a low serum protein level. The nurse will plan to assess for

A patient is receiving 3% NaCl solution for correction of hyponatremia. During administration of the solution, the most important assessment for the nurse to monitor is

When teaching a patient with renal failure about a low phosphate diet, the nurse will include information to restrict

A patient receiving isoosmolar continuous tube feedings develops restlessness, agitation, and weakness. Which laboratory result is most important to report to the health care provider?

A patient with renal failure who has been taking aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide suspension (Maalox) at home for indigestion is somnolent and has decreased deep tendon reflexes. Which action should the nurse take first?

A postoperative patient who is receiving nasogastric suction is complaining of anxiety and incisional pain. The patient’s respiratory rate is 32 breaths/minute and the arterial blood gases (ABGs) indicate respiratory alkalosis. Which action should the nurse take first?

The following data are obtained by the nurse when assessing a pregnant patient with eclampsia who is receiving IV magnesium sulfate. Which finding is most important to report to the health care provider immediately?

A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located in which of the following fluid compartments?

A client who has acute pancreatitis reports muscle spasms. Which of the following laboratory values is the highest priority for the nurse to report to the provider?

A nurse is caring for a client who has a central venous access device. Which of the following should the nurse know before performing a complete assessment of the device? (Select all that apply)

A client presents to the emergency department with a history of vomiting and diarrhea for 3 days. The nurse should recognize that which of the following indicates fluid volume deficit?

A nurse is educating a client who has hypernatremia about nutrition. Which of the following food choices made by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? Select all that apply.

A nurse is assisting a client to choose foods high in magnesium. Which of the following foods is a good source of magnesium?

A nurse is administering an oral rehydration solution to a child who was admitted due to severe hypotonic dehydration. Which of the following laboratory results indicates that the child is responding to the treatment?

A nurse is evaluating a client’s ABG results. Which of the following findings requires an action by the nurse?

A client has chronic kidney disease and a low phosphate level. Which of the following foods should the nurse encourage the client to consume more frequently?

What is primarily responsible for carrying fluids with nutrients and wastes on a random basis throughout the body?

A patient has renal damage because of diabetes. What is the highest risk for this patient?

A nurse has two newly admitted patients with dehydration. One patient is dehydrated from heat exhaustion, and the other is dehydrated from an overdose of Lasix. What finding should be present in both patients?

A nurse understands that fluid balance is mainly monitored in the body by which two systems?

How does the healthy kidney adjust the volume and composition of filtrate that prevents excessive fluid loss?