the aorta receives its blood supply from the:

blood enters the right atrium from the body through the:

the only vein(s) in the body that carry oxygenated blood is/are the:

normal electrical impulses originate in the sinus node, just above the:

dilation of the coronary arteries _______________ blood flow

the _______________are tiny blood vessels that are approximately one cell thick

_______________carry oxygen to the body's tissues and then remove carbon dioxide

_______________is the maximum pressure exerted by the left ventricle as it contracts

atherosclerosis can lead to a complete _______________of a coronary artery

the lumen of an artery may be partially or completely blocked by the blood-clotting system due to a _______________that exposes the inside of the atherosclerotic wall

tissues downstream from a blood clot will suffer from lack of oxygen. if blood flow is resumed in a short time, the _______________tissues will recover

risk factors for myocardial infarction include all of the following EXCEPT:

when, for a brief period of time, heart tissues do not get enough oxygen, the pain is called:

angina pain may be felt in the:

the underlying cause of a dissecting aortic aneurysm is:

because the oxygen supply to the heart is diminished with angina, the _______________can become compromised, putting the person at risk for significant cardiac rhythm problems

about _______________minutes after blood flow is cut off, some heart muscle cells begin to die

an acute myocardial infarction is more likely to occur in the larger, thick-walled left ventricle, which needs more _______________than the right ventrical

which of the following statements regarding congestive heart failure is FALSE?

cardiogenic shock can occur within 24 hours of a(n):

sudden death is usually the result of _______________, in which the heart falls to generate an effective blood flow

disorganized, ineffective quivering of the ventricles is known as:

which of the following is NOT a cause of congestive heart failure?

signs and symptoms of shock include all of the following EXCEPT:

which of the following changes in heart function occur in patients with congestive heart failure?

physical findings of AMI include skin that is _______________because of poor cardiac output and the loss of perfusion

all patient assessments begin by determining whether the patient:

to assess chest pain, use the mnemonic:

when using the mnemonic OPQRST, the "P" stands for:

in addition to angina and myocardial infarction, nitroglycerin can be used to treat:

when administering nitroglycerin to a patient, you should make sure the patient has not taken any medications for _______________in the last 24 hours

in general, a maximum of _______________dose(s) of nitroglycerin is/are given for any one episode of chest pain

_______________are inserted when the electrical control system of the heart is so damaged that it cannot function properly

when the battery wears out in a pacemaker, the patient may experience:

the computer inside the AED is specifically programmed to recognize rhythms that require defibrillation to correct, most commonly:

the AED should be applied only to unresponsive patients with no:

_______________usually refers to a state of cardiac arrest despite an organized electrical complex

the links in the chain of survival include all of the following EXCEPT:

defibrillation works best if it takes place within _______________minutes of the onset of cardiac arrest

at 0500, you respond to the home of a 76-year-old man complaining of chest pain. on arrival, the patient states that he had been sleeping in the recliner all night due to indigestion. he also tells you he has taken two nitroglycerin tablets. he continues to have pain and reports trouble breathing.

your first priority is to:

at 0500, you respond to the home of a 76-year-old man complaining of chest pain. on arrival, the patient states that he had been sleeping in the recliner all night due to indigestion. he also tells you he has taken two nitroglycerin tablets. he continues to have pain and reports trouble breathing.

his vital signs are as follows: respirations, 16 breaths/min; pulse 98 beats/min; blood pressure, 92/76 mm Hg. he is still complaining of chest pain. who actions should you take to intervene?

at 0500, you respond to the home of a 76-year-old man complaining of chest pain. on arrival, the patient states that he had been sleeping in the recliner all night due to indigestion. he also tells you he has taken two nitroglycerin tablets. he continues to have pain and reports trouble breathing.

your patient suddenly becomes unresponsive. assessment reveals no breathing and no pulse. your partner begins chest compressions while you apply the AED, what is the first step in the defibrillation sequence?

at 0500, you respond to the home of a 76-year-old man complaining of chest pain. on arrival, the patient states that he had been sleeping in the recliner all night due to indigestion. he also tells you he has taken two nitroglycerin tablets. he continues to have pain and reports trouble breathing.

after applying an AED to this patient, the AED states, "No shock advised." what is your next step of action?

at 0500, you respond to the home of a 76-year-old man complaining of chest pain. on arrival, the patient states that he had been sleeping in the recliner all night due to indigestion. he also tells you he has taken two nitroglycerin tablets. he continues to have pain and reports trouble breathing.

your patient is not conscious, and you are en route to the hospital. you are six blocks away when the patient stops breathing again and no longer has a pulse. you should:

the right side of the heart pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body

in the normal heart, the need for increased blood flow to the myocardium is easily met by an increase in heart rate

atherosclerosis results in narrowing of the lumen of coronary arteries

infarction is a temporary interruption of the blood supply to the tissues

angina can result from a spasm of the artery

the pain of angina and the pain of AMI are easily distinguishable

nitroglycerin works in most patients within 5 minutes to relieve the pain of AMI

if an AED malfunctions during use, you must report that problem to the manufacturer and to Human Resources

angina occurs when the heart's need for oxygen exceeds its supply

white blood cells are the most numerous cells in the blood and help the blood to clot

cardiac arrest in younger children is less common than in older children and is usually caused by a breathing problem

an AED with special pediatric pads may be used pediatric medical patients between the ages of 1 month and 8 years who have been assumed to be unresponsive, not breathing, and pulseless

dissecting aortic aneurysms are rarely considered life threatening

heart disease is the number one killer of women in the United States

if a patient complaining of chest pain has a history of a previous AMI, you should ask if this pain feels similar to the previous AMI

what type of additional resource is typically required for someone with chest pain?

when taking a SAMPLE history of a conscious person with chest pain, what specific questions should the EMT ask of the patient?

which step should NOT be taken to complete a history and physical exam on an unconscious patient with a suspected cardiac problem?

a patient taking medications such as lasix or digoxin is likely to have which of the following underlying medical conditions?

when assessing a cardiac arrest patient, you notice what appears to be a pacemaker implanted in the upper left chest. care for this patient should include: