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Bio111 Final Review

Total questions: 50

Worksheet time: 53mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partiaal strand
ATG TGA CAG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
2.
What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?
a)
the shape (structure) of the nitrogen bases
b)
the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases
c)
the color of the nitrogen bases
d)
the frequency (number) of nitrogen bases
3.
Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose and adenine
b)
deoxyribose and a hydrogen bond
c)
deoxyribose and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose and phosphate
4.
Name this structure
a)
double helix
b)
nucelotide
c)
twisted ladder
d)
hydrogen bond
5.

Helicase (opening the helix)

a)

catalyzes the synthesis of the RNA primer

b)

Breaks and rejoins the DNA double helix to relieve twisting forces caused by the opening of the helix

c)

stabilizes single-stranded DNA

d)

catalyzes the breaking of hydrogen bonds between base pairs to open the double helix by unwinding at the replication fork

6.

Topoisomerase (opening the helix)

a)

Breaks and rejoins the DNA double helix to relieve twisting forces caused by the opening of the helix and so it can avoid super coiling

b)

catalyzes the breaking of hydrogen bonds between base pairs to open the double helix

c)

catalyzes the joining of Okazaki fragments into a continuous strand

d)

all of the above

7.

DNA ligase (lagging-strand synthesis)

a)

catalyzes the breaking of hydrogen bonds between base pairs to open the double helix

b)

none of the above

c)

catalyzes the joining of Okazaki fragments into a continuous strand, re-anneals semi-conservative strands

d)

removes the RNA primer and replaces it with DNA

8.

Why is DNA semiconservative?

a)

Because the new DNA molecule consist of 1 parental and 1 new DNA strand

b)

Because the new DNA molecule consist of 2 parental and 2 new DNA strands

c)

Because the new DNA molecule consist of reassembled parental and new strands

d)

Because the new DNA molecule fiscally conservative and socially progressive

9.

Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides?

a)

Topoisomerase

b)

DNA Polymerase

c)

Ligase

d)

Primase

10.
RNA polymerase creates RNA in the _________ direction
a)
5' to 3'
b)
3' to 5'
11.
What is the RNA synthesized from a section of DNA with the code: GATTACA ?
a)
CUAAUGU
b)
GATTACA
c)
GAUUCA
d)
CTAATGA
12.
Translation is a process in eurkaryotic cells takes place in the:
a)
Cytoplasm
b)
Nucleus
c)
Nucleolus
d)
Golgi Bodies
13.
The main function of tRNA is to...
a)
carry a message that, when translated, forms proteins
b)
form a portion of ribosomes
c)
string together complementary RNA and DNA strands
d)
bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes
14.
What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGUAUGA
a)
Met-Pro-Ala-Val
b)
Met-Pro-Val
c)
Tyr-Gly-His
d)
Tyr-Gly-Arg-His
15.

Original DNA: CAT GAT

New DNA: CAT AT

What mutation occurred?

a)

deletion

b)

substitution

c)

tranverse

d)

insertion

16.
Where does transcription occur?
a)
cytoplasm
b)
ribosome
c)
nucleolus
d)
nucleus
17.
What molecule is produced during the process of translation?
a)
DNA replicant
b)
amino acid sequence
c)
messenger RNA sequence
d)
DNA template strand
18.
An offspring will receive how many alleles from each parent to determine a specific trait?
a)
one
b)
two
c)
three
d)
five
19.
Squidward has light blue skin, and his genotype for this trait is Bb. Would Squidward be considered a purebred or hybrid for light blue skin?
a)
Purebred
b)
Hybrid
20.
having two of the same genes for the trait (sometimes called purebred).
a)
homozygous
b)
hetrozygous
c)
protein
d)
chromosome
21.
A woman who is a carrier of an X-linked recessive trait will have a ______ chance of passing that trait to her sons.
a)
0%
b)
50%
c)
25%
d)
100%
22.
What does this pedigree mean?
a)
Two parent have 3 offspring. All are heterozygous for the traced trait.
b)
Two parents have 3 offspring.  All are homozygous. Two individuals have the traced trait.
c)
Three parents have 2 offspring. All are heterozygous for the traced trait. 
d)
Three parents have 2 offspring. All individuals are homozygous. Two individuals have the traced trait. 
23.
The inherited combination of alleles is known as the offspring's
a)
heredity
b)
phenotype
c)
genotype
d)
redigree
24.
An organism's appearance is known as its
a)
heredity
b)
phenotype
c)
genotype
d)
pedigree
25.
What gamete possibilities could come from this parent's genotype?
a)
AB, AB, aB, aB
b)
Ab, AB, Ab, ab
c)
Ab, Ab, Ab, Ab
d)
AB, aB, ab, aB
26.
Based off this punnett square, what fraction of the offspring will have wrinkled, yellow seeds?
a)
9/16
b)
3/16
c)
1/16
d)
16/16
27.
What is one of the advantages, why is it better to, reproduce sexually versus asexually?
a)
survival of the fittest
b)
overproduction
c)
genetic variation
d)
cloning
28.
This type of inheritance pattern shows BOTH traits in possible offspring
a)
complete dominance
b)
incomplete dominance
c)
co-dominance
d)
dominant pattern
29.
If a gene is found only on the X chromosome and not the Y chromosome, it is said to be what?
a)
sex-linked trait
b)
polygenic trait
c)
codominant trait
d)
incomplete dominance trait
30.
What do you call the non-Mendelian inheritance pattern where both traits are dominant and both appear in the organism with heterozygous genotype?
a)
Codominance
b)
Incomplete dominance
c)
Polygenic traits
31.
What type of inheritance is determined by multiple genes located on different chromosomes and there can be a range of possible traits? Ex:  Eye Color
a)
Codominance
b)
Incomplete dominance
c)
Polygenic traits
32.
The process by which populations slowly change over time is called__________
a)
selective breeding
b)
adaptation
c)
sepeciation
d)
evolution
33.
Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?
a)
the wings of a red-tailed hawk
b)
the hind limbs of a house cat
c)
the fins of sharks
d)
the tailbone of a human
34.
Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different functions, but similar structures.  These are known as
a)
vestigial structures
b)
analogous structures
c)
homologous structures
d)
fossil structures
35.
What does Darwin's theory of evolution suggest?
a)
species change over time
b)
extinct species are not related to living species
c)
different species can interbreed
d)
animals that look alike are most closely related
36.
All the animals to the right of the hagfish would have the common characteristic of -
a)
Fur
b)
Claws or nails
c)
Lungs
d)
Jaws
37.
According to this cladogram, birds are LEAST related to -
a)
Amphibians
b)
Sharks
c)
Ray Finned Fish
d)
Crocodiles
38.
On the cladogram, which organism is the closest relative of the human?
a)
Frog
b)
Hare
c)
Caiman
d)
Parrot
39.
Individuals that are well adapted to their environment will survive and produce:
a)
Fewer mutations
b)
Stronger genes
c)
More offspring
d)
Better traits
40.
What would happen if the Giraffes never evolve?
a)
they would survive
b)
They would thrive
c)
They would become extinct
d)
They will find another source of food
41.
Structures that have no common DNA link, but have similar functions. EX: Butterfly and bird wings.
a)
Homologous Structures
b)
Analogous Structures
c)
Vestigial Structures
d)
Mimics
42.
In natural selection, the selective agent is the
a)
humans
b)
mutations
c)
breeders
d)
environment
43.
Mutations are important because they bring about
a)
death of the organism in which they develop
b)
genetic variation needed for a population to evolve
c)
benefits for the individual, not for the population
d)
Hardey-Weinberg equilibrium within a population
44.

A population of squirrels that contains a wide variety of phenotypes has a:

a)

Large amount of genetic variation

b)

High allele frequency

c)

Poor chance of surviving habitat change

d)

Decreased chance of frequent gene flow

45.

What type of speciation involves isolation due to differences in mating rituals?

a)

geologic isolation

b)

behavioral isolation

c)

temporal isolation

46.

Which type of isolation occurred when a few finches were blown from the coast of South America to the Galapagos Islands and then evolved into 14 different finch species?

a)

geographical isolation

b)

behavioral isolation

c)

temporal isolation

47.

What type of islation occurs when species no longer breed because they mate at different times?

a)

temporal isolation

b)

geographical isolation

c)

behavioral isolation

48.
When has speciation occurred?
a)
When populations no longer look the same
b)
When populations no longer have the same frequency of alleles
c)
When populations are living in different environments
d)
When populations can no longer interbreed
49.

The lava released by a volcanic eruption separates two populations of a species of monkey. What does this represent?

a)

biological isolation

b)

geographical isolation

c)

temporal isolation

d)

reproductive isolation

50.
Human babies don't do well if they are born too small. If they are too big complications can occur during birth. Baby size should then be selected for by which method?
a)
stabilizing
b)
directional
c)
disruptive
d)
Beyonce is having twins

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