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2018 Earth Systems - 1st Semester Exam Review

Total questions: 55

Worksheet time: 58mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Why is coal not a mineral?
a)
It's not a solid
b)
It is man-made
c)
It is not inorganic
d)
It is made of carbon
2.
Diamond has a hardness of ___ on Mohs Hardness Scale.
a)
1
b)
5
c)
8
d)
10
3.
A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition is referring to
a)
density
b)
streak
c)
mineral
d)
non silicate mineral
4.
What mineral is the softest mineral on Moh's Hardness Scale and the main ingredient in baby powder?
a)
feldspar
b)
talc
c)
gypsum
d)
kaolinite
5.

A mineral that contains a combination of silicon, oxygen, and one or more metals.

a)

Crystal

b)

Silicate Mineral

c)

Nonsilicate Mineval

d)

Ore

6.

The process of returning land to its original condition after mining is completed.

a)

Reclamation

b)

Erosion

c)

Compound

d)

Ore

7.
The step needed for sea plants and animals to become hydrocarbons is
a)
enormous heat and pressure
b)
shallow burial by sediments
c)
refining and processing
d)
drilling and distillation
8.
In nuclear fusion, smaller atoms are forced together to create larger atoms. Does this process release, absorb or maintain energy?
a)
Absorb energy
b)
Maintain energy
c)
Release energy
9.
Do all stars make energy through fusion?
a)
Yes
b)
No
c)
Just our sun
d)
Only large stars
10.
Energy obtained from this process powers nuclear submarines and aircraft carriers
a)
Fission
b)
Fusion
c)
Radioactive decay
d)
Diesel Fuel
11.

This % of sun's energy is reflected into space.

a)

51%

b)

19%

c)

30%

12.

Which one of the following technologies is mainly used in solar water heating systems?

a)

Wind turbine

b)

Passive solar energy

c)

Solar cell

d)

Active solar energy

13.

Passive Solar Systems (select all answers that apply)

a)

use mechanical or electrical devices to convert the sun's heat/light into energy

b)

collect, store, and distribute heat energy without the use of moving parts

c)

takes advantage of a building's location, climate, & materials to minimize energy use.

d)

All of the above

e)

None of the above

14.
What percent of our energy comes from coal burning power plants? 
a)
Up to 20%
b)
20-30%
c)
30-50%
d)
Over 50%
15.
The process by which igneous rocks are formed...
a)
heat and pressure deep underneath earth's surface
b)
melting and cooling of magma
c)
compaction and cementation of sediments
16.
Metamorphic rocks that have grains arranged in parallel layers or bands are called...
a)
Foliated
b)
Nonfoliated
17.
Metamorphic rocks are formed by ___.
a)
existing rocks are baked and squeezed by pressure
b)
small pieces of rock are compacted and cemented together
c)
magma or lava cools and hardens
d)
igneous rocks are broken into pieces
18.
Is the following metamorphic rock foliated or non-foliated?
a)
Foliated
b)
Non-foliated
c)
Neither
19.
Metamorphic rocks can be used for which of the following
a)
buildings
b)
sculptures
c)
flooring
d)
all of the above
20.
Sedimentary rock that is made of fragments of rocks cemented together by a mineral are called...
a)
chemical
b)
organic
c)
clastic
21.
What type of metamorphism is often associated with mountain building?
a)
contact metamorphism
b)
regional metamorphism
c)
hydrothermal metamorphism
d)
mineral composition
22.

Who or which organisation controls the GPS?

a)

The US military/government

b)

UN (United Nations) Tech. Division

c)

IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)

d)

Nato

23.

To achieve global coverage for GPS, how many satellites are required?

a)

16

b)

20

c)

24

d)

32

24.
The 0 degree mark of longitude is known as the ___________ ______________ measure from Greenwich England.
a)
Equator
b)
Prime Meridian
c)
International Date Line
d)
Contour Line
25.
The 0 degree line of latitude is the ___________.
a)
Equator
b)
Prime Meridian
c)
International Date Line
d)
Contour line
26.
Pluto was changed to a dwarf planet  in ____.
a)
yesterday
b)
tomorrow
c)
2006
27.
Moons orbit planets because...
a)
they do not orbit planets.
b)
they have gravitational pull.
c)
they have craters.
d)
they are magnetically attracted.
28.

is a bowl-shaped depression, or hollowed-out area, produced by the impact of a meteorite, volcanic activity, or an explosion.

a)

Crater

b)

Meteor

c)

Meteorite

d)

Volcanic

29.

How hot is Venus?

a)

864 degrees Fahrenheit

b)

458 degrees Fahrenheit

30.
The puffy disk of objects that is aligned with plane of the solar system that lies just outside of Neptune's orbit is called the ______.
a)
Kuiper Belt
b)
Oort Cloud
c)
Scattered Disk
d)
Plutinos
31.
Which factor makes Earth different from all the other planets in the solar system in its ability to support life? 
a)
The Earth is exposed to rays from the sun. 
b)
The Earth has only one moon that orbits around it. 
c)
The Earth rotates in an elliptical orbit around the sun. 
d)
The Earth has a breathable atmosphere. 
32.
Which color star has medium temperature?
a)
Bluish-White
b)
Yellow
c)
Reddish-Orange
33.
The largest known volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons, is located on this planet.
a)
Venus
b)
Mars
c)
Mercury
d)
Earth
34.
The belt between Mars and Jupiter
a)
Comets
b)
Asteroids
c)
Meteors
d)
Stars
35.
Use the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram to answer the following question.  Red colored stars __________
a)
are stars with cool temperatures
b)
are stars with hot temperatures
c)
are all stars with bright luminosity.
d)
are all stars with dim luminosity
36.
Use the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram to answer the following question. Blue colored stars __________
a)
are stars with cool temperatures
b)
are stars with hot temperatures
c)
are all stars with bright luminosity.
d)
are all stars with dim luminosity
37.

The Milky Way is a spiral

a)

True

b)

False

38.

How long is a sunspot cycle?

a)

7 years

b)

11 years

c)

21 years

d)

28 years

39.

Energy is created in the Sun's core when two _____________ atoms join together to form a ______________ atom.

a)

helium, hydrogen

b)

carbon, hydrogen

c)

nitrogen, helium

d)

hydrogen, helium

40.

Based on this diagram, what kind of tide would this alignment of the Earth, Moon, and Sun create?

a)

Low Tide

b)

High Tide

c)

Spring Tide (higher than normal)

d)

Neap Tide (lower than normal)

41.
Tides are the cycle of rising and falling ocean water that repeats automatically every
a)
24 hours
b)
12.5 hours
c)
25 hours
d)
6.25 hours
42.

What traps heat to keep Earth at a stable temperature? (60 degrees warmer than it would otherwise be)

a)

The sun

b)

greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

c)

glass walls

d)

clouds

43.
What is the energy source for the water cycle?
a)
the sun
b)
the earth
c)
water
d)
the moon
44.
Finding the fossils of trees in an area that is currently a desert without much life might tell us that the area, millions of years ago - 
a)
was heavily eroded by strong winds
b)
received enough rain to support a forest
c)
suffered very powerful earthquakes
d)
was destroyed by the impact of meteorites
45.
An area is currently a forest.  What evidence would best indicate that this area was covered by water millions of years ago?
a)
An increase in rainfall in the forest over time
b)
The presence of plants in the forest that need water to live
c)
Fossils of fish discovered in rock below the forest
d)
Insects in the forest that lay their eggs in the water
46.
What is a Milankovitch Cycle?
a)
Another name for the Ocean Conveyor Belt
b)
Changes to Earth's orbit
c)
Changes to locations of the Earth's continents
47.
Sometimes I am called a "dirty snowball". I have a hydrogen cloud, coma, and a nucleus. I am invisible except when near the sun. What am I?
a)
Asteroid
b)
Star
c)
Meteor
d)
Comet
48.
I am a rock entering a planet's atmosphere.
a)
meteor
b)
meteorite
c)
asteroid
d)
comet
49.
When a meteor hits Earth, what is it called?
a)
meteorite
b)
meteroid
c)
meteor
50.
Comets that take more than 200 years to complete one orbit of the sun are called__________
a)
short-period comets
b)
long-period comets
51.
True or False
Constellations are stars that appear to be in a pattern.
a)
True
b)
False
52.

Why do we have constellations?

a)

To guide us

b)

To look pretty

c)

To tell stories

53.
If a star is being observed from Earth and it's light has shifted towards the blue side of the electromagnetic spectrum it would be...
a)
Moving towards the Earth
b)
Moving away from the Earth
c)
This is a trick question that cannot be answered
d)
It isn't a star, it is a very large blueberry.
54.
Why is the light from distant galaxies red-shifted?
a)
They produce more red light than nearby galaxies
b)
They are moving away from us
c)
The longer wavelengths are filtered out more by dust
d)
They are moving toward us
55.

A light year is...

a)

The speed light travels

b)

How long it takes light to get to you from the sun

c)

The distance light can travel through a vacuum in a year

d)

How many years it takes light to be emitted

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