wayground logo

Free Printable Worksheets

Font size

S
M
L
XL
Worksheets

Histophysiology Endocrinology Exam II

Total questions: 144

Worksheet time: 4hrs 43mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is a hormone?

a)

A signaling molecule released by a cell and conveyed by the blood stream, by neural axons, or by local diffusion to cells in target tissues

b)

A protein or peptide, catecholamine, steroid, or iodinated tyrosine derivative

c)

Molecules that regulate existing metabolic pathways through second messengers or regulates synthesis of enzymes and other proteins at the DNA level.

2.

Berthold's experiment found that:

a)

Castration of male chicks without re-implantation resulted in normal male development

b)

Castration and transplantation of testis resulted in normal male development

c)

Castration and transplantation of testis resulted in caponization

3.

Which of the following is not an example of a main endocrine gland?

a)

Placenta

b)

Pineal gland

c)

Eyes

d)

Liver

4.

The endocrine systems functions to regulate:

a)

Metabolism

b)

Fluid status

c)

Growth

d)

Sexual development and reproduction

e)

Olfaction

5.

When a hormone acts on adjacent cells without entering the blood stream, it's called:

a)

Autocrine

b)

Paracrine

c)

Endocrine

d)

Neurocrine

6.

When a hormone enters the blood stream to act upon other cells, it is called:

a)

Autocrine

b)

Parocrine

c)

Endocrine

d)

Neurocrine

7.

Where are the neurons of the pituitary located?

a)

Hypothalamus

b)

Thalamus

c)

Pineal Gland

d)

Pons

8.

Where are hormones from the pituitary released?

a)

Into the bone

b)

Into the interstitial fluid

c)

Into neurons

9.

The _______ pituitary releases hormones from endocrine cells into the interstitium to diffuse into the capillaries.

a)

Anterior/pars distalis

b)

Posterior/neurohypophysis

10.

What carries hormones released by hypothalmic neurons to travel to the anterior pituitary?

a)

Lymph vessels

b)

Hypophyseal portal vessels

c)

Aorta

d)

Cranial Vena Cava

11.

Name two hormones released by the posterior pituitary.

a)

Oxytocin

b)

Prolactin

c)

Antidiuretic hormone

d)

Luteinizing hormone

12.

Which of the following true pituitary hormones control non-endocrine tissues?

a)

Prolactin (PRL)

b)

Somatotropin (GH)

c)

Melanotripin (MSH)

d)

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

13.

Which of the following are true pituitary hormones that control other glands?

a)

FSH

b)

LH

c)

TSH

d)

ACTH

e)

PRL

14.

Which hormone(s) functions in lactation and uterine contractions?

a)

PRL

b)

MSH

c)

Oxytocin

d)

ACTH

15.

What is the most numerous cell type in the anterior pituitary?

a)

Lactotroph

b)

Gonadotroph

c)

Corticotroph

d)

Somatotroph

16.

How is the anterior lobe controlled by the hypothalamus?

a)

Tropic Hormones

b)

Growth Hormone

c)

Neurons directly from the hypothalmus

d)

Releasing and Inhibiting Hormones

17.

Which organs are acted upon by the autonomic nervous system from the hypothalamus?

a)

Pancreas

b)

Liver

c)

Kidney

d)

Adrenal Medulla

18.

True or false: Proopiomelanocortin is a precursor to MSH

a)

True

b)

False

19.

What stimulates the production of alpha MSH?

a)

The moon phases

b)

Infrared radiation

c)

UV radiation

d)

Mystical melanocyte powers

20.

What hormone is used in growth?

a)

Melanocorticotropin

b)

Prolactin

c)

Aldosterone

d)

Somatotropin

21.

What are the indirect and direct functions of growth hormone?

a)

Promotes growth

b)

Mobilizes fuels during starvation

c)

Storage uptake of fuels

d)

Manages sodium and potassium

22.

Growth hormone secretion ______ as the animal gets older.

a)

Increases

b)

Decreases

23.

GH stimulates the ______ to secrete IGF-1.

a)

Kidney

b)

Adrenal gland

c)

Liver

d)

Thyroid gland

24.

True or false: GH DIRECTLY stimulates lipogenesis

a)

True

b)

False

25.

True or false: the direct effect of GH is catabolic.

a)

True

b)

False

26.

The ______ action of GH prevails in poorly fed animals.

a)

Anabolic

b)

Catabolic

c)

Cool

27.

Increased secretion of GH provides _________ feedback to the hypothalamus.

a)

Positive

b)

Negative

c)

Neutral

28.

Stress ________ production of IGF-1.

a)

Increases

b)

Decreases

c)

Could increase or decrease (depending on species)

29.

Prolonged administration of glucocorticoids can result in:

a)

Hypersomatotropism

b)

Hyposomatotropism

c)

Pituitary dwarfism

d)

Pituitary gigantism

30.

Where are peptide and protein hormones stored?

a)

They aren't stored

b)

In secretory granules of the golgi apparatus

c)

Extracellularly in follicles

d)

In some fatty adipose dudes

31.

Where are catecholamine hormones stored?

a)

They aren't stored

b)

In secretory granules

c)

Extracellularly in follicles

d)

In some fatty adipose dudes

32.

Where are steroid hormones stored?

a)

They aren't stored

b)

In secretory granules

c)

Extracellularly in follicles

d)

In some fatty adipose dudes

33.

True or false: T4 and T3, while lipophilic, cannot cross cell membranes freely because they are charged.

a)

True

b)

False

34.

What hormone stimulates the production of androgens?

a)

Luteinizing Hormone

b)

Growth Hormone

c)

Oxytocin

d)

Prolactin

35.

What are the two hormones controlled by GnRH?

a)

LH

b)

FSH

c)

GH

d)

ADH

36.

Which cells produce androgens in response to LH?

a)

Myocytes

b)

Granulosa Cells

c)

Ependymal Cells

d)

Theca Cells

37.

Which of the following are primary hormones secreted by the ovary?

a)

Estrogen

b)

ADH

c)

Progesterone

d)

Testosterone

38.

After ovulation, the ovary follicle will secrete _______.

a)

Estrogen

b)

Progesterone

c)

Testosterone

d)

ADH

39.

Which of the following are part of the estrous cycle of mammals?

a)

Proestrus

b)

Estrus

c)

Metestrus

d)

Diestrus

e)

Unestrus

40.

During Which phase of estrus does the corpus luteum form?

a)

Anestrus

b)

Diestrus

c)

Estrus

d)

Metestrus

41.

Which hormones does progesterone inhibit?

a)

FSH

b)

LH

c)

ADH

d)

GH

42.

High levels of estrogen trigger a surge in what hormone?

a)

FSH

b)

Progesterone

c)

LH

d)

Melatonin

43.

What hormone prevents the regression of the corpus luteum?

a)

Estrogen

b)

Progesterone

c)

Chorionic gonadotropin

d)

Melatonin

44.

Which cells secrete estrogen during the follicular phase and progesterone during the luteal phase?

a)

Theca

b)

Granulosa

c)

Ependymal

d)

Oocyte

45.

LH and FSH are __________ hormones.

a)

Steroid

b)

Protein

c)

Catecholamine

d)

Thyroid

46.

During pregnancy, what suppresses LH and FSH?

a)

Estrogen

b)

Progesterone

c)

Melatonin

d)

Chorionic gonadotropin

47.

What cell is analogous to theca cells in males?

a)

Sertoli cells

b)

Granulosa cells

c)

Spermatozoa

d)

Leydig cells

48.

What receptor do Leydig cells have?

a)

LH

b)

FSH

c)

ADH

d)

MSH

49.

Which zone of the adrenal gland is labeled in purple?

a)

Zona glomerulosa

b)

Zona fasciculata

c)

Zona reticularis

d)

Medulla

50.

Which zone of the adrenal gland is labeled in green?

a)

Zona glomerulosa

b)

Zona fasciculata

c)

Zona reticularis

d)

Medulla

51.

Which zone of the adrenal gland is labeled in blue?

a)

Zona glomerulosa

b)

Zona fasciculata

c)

Zona reticularis

d)

Medulla

52.

What part of the adrenal gland secretes catecholamines?

a)

Zona glomerulosa

b)

Zona fasciculata

c)

Zona reticularis

d)

Medulla

53.

The zona glomerulosa secretes _______.

a)

Glucocorticoids (cortisol, cortisone)

b)

Mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)

c)

Androgens (androstenedione, testosterone, estradiol)

d)

Catecholamines (epinephrine)

54.

The zona fasciculata secretes _______.

a)

Glucocorticoids (cortisol, cortisone)

b)

Mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)

c)

Androgens (androstenedione, testosterone, estradiol)

d)

Catecholamines (epinephrine)

55.

Androstenedione, testosterone, and estradiol are produced where?

a)

Zona glomerulosa

b)

Zona reticularis

c)

Medulla

d)

Zona fasciculata

56.

What does the anterior pituitary produce to upregulate cortisol production in the adrenal cortex?

a)

CRH

b)

ACTH

c)

MSH

d)

GH

57.

What stimulates the hypothalamus to secrete CRH?

a)

ACTH

b)

Stress

c)

Vet school (coughstresscough)

d)

GH

58.

What is the precursor of all steroid hormones?

a)

Stress

b)

Cholesterol

c)

Progesterone

d)

CRH

59.

Which of the following hormones are utilized in the mobilization of fuels?

a)

Cortisol

b)

Growth hormone

c)

Glucagon

d)

Epinephrine

e)

Insulin

60.

Increased cortisol levels will result in ______ of ACTH and CRH production,

a)

Inhibition

b)

Upregulation

c)

no change

61.

Long term administration of cortisol in veterinary treatment can result in the ______ of the zona fasciculata.

a)

Hypertrophy

b)

Atrophy

c)

Nochangetrophy

62.

Which of the following are signs of cushing's disease in dogs?

a)

Dehydration

b)

Bilateral alopecia

c)

Polyuria/polydipsia

d)

Depression

63.

__________ agonists can be used in the treatment of PPID in equines, but is not frequently helpful to dogs with Cushing's Disease.

a)

Epinephrine

b)

Norepinephrine

c)

Dopamine

d)

ACTH

64.

__________ is used for the controlled destruction of the adrenal cortex in dogs with Cushing's Disease while __________ blocks the synthesis of cortisol.

a)

Trilostane, Mitotane

b)

Dopamine, Mitotane

c)

Mitotane, trilostane

d)

Mitotane, dopamine

65.

__________ functions to sustain extracellular fluid volume by conserving body sodium and to prevent the overload of potassium by accelerating its excretion.

a)

Growth hormone

b)

Melanocyte stimulating hormone

c)

Adrenocorticotropin

d)

Aldosterone

66.

Hyperkalemia and angiotensin II are associated with ________ release.

a)

Aldosterone

b)

Luteinizing Hormone

c)

ACTH

d)

Follicular stimulating hormone

67.

Atrial natriuretic peptide ______ the release of aldosterone.

a)

Upregulates

b)

Inhibits

68.

Renal hypotension and decrease sodium concentration in distal tubular filtrate stimulates the secretion of ________ by juxtaglomerular cells.

a)

Angiotensinogen

b)

Renin

c)

Aldosterone

d)

Angiotensin I

69.

True or False: Aldosterone stimulates the transfer of sodium from the lumen into the interstitial fluid.

a)

True

b)

False

70.

Release of ANP will result in _______ glomerular filtration rate.

a)

Increased

b)

Decreased

c)

Unchanged

71.

Addison's like disease is best described as ______.

a)

Hyperadrenocorticism

b)

Hypoadrenocorticism

72.

Addison's like disease results in the autoimmune destruction of _________.

a)

Kidney

b)

Bladder

c)

Heart

d)

Adrenal cortex

73.

True or false: the adrenal medulla is a modified parasympathetic ganglion.

a)

True

b)

False

74.

Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla secrete the catecholamines _______ and _______.

a)

Dopamine and norepinephrine

b)

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

c)

Dopamine and melatonin

d)

Melatonin and epinephrine

75.

The fight or flight actions are an outcome of which hormone class? (In addition to sympathetic nervous system)

a)

Steroid

b)

Thyroid

c)

Protein

d)

Catecholamine

76.

Preganglionic neurons secrete acetylcholine which stimulate _________ receptors.

a)

Nicotinic

b)

Norepinephrine

c)

Epinephrine

77.

Postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic system release ___________ .

a)

Epinephrine

b)

Dopamine

c)

Norepinephrine

d)

Melatonin

78.

What is the half life of vitamin D?

a)

2 days

b)

2 weeks

c)

2 months

d)

2 years

79.

True or false: the effect of a hormone upon a tissue depends upon the differential expression of receptors in that target tissue.

a)

True

b)

False

80.

Which enzyme converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I?

a)

Angiotensin converting enzyme

b)

Renin

81.

The action of catecholamine of an alpha 1 receptor results in _________.

a)

Smooth muscle contraction and increased sweating

b)

Inhibition of neurotransmitter and hormone release

c)

Decreased insulin secretion

d)

Smooth muscle relaxation and lipolysis

82.

What two structures secrete catecholamines?

a)

Adrenal medulla

b)

Post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons

c)

Kidney medulla

d)

Pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons

83.

Where are most (90%) pheochromocytoma (catecholamine secreting tumors) located?

a)

Kidney

b)

Lung

c)

Stomach

d)

Adrenal gland

84.

What is the location of ~90% of the iodide in the body?

a)

Adrenal gland

b)

Brain

c)

Thyroid gland

d)

Bone

85.

What is the active form of thyroid hormone called?

a)

Triiodothyronine (T3)

b)

Tetraiodothyronine (T4 - aka Thyroxine)

86.

Where are T3 and T4 stored?

a)

Inside of follicular cells

b)

Inside of parafollicular cells

c)

In colloid

d)

In the parathyroid gland

87.

What cells produce T3 and T4?

a)

Parafollicular

b)

Follicular

c)

Chief Cells

d)

Duct cells

88.

What cells produce Calcitonin??

a)

Parafollicular

b)

Follicular

c)

Chief Cells

d)

Duct cells

89.

True or false: The function of calcitonin is to upregulate the absorption and resorption of calcium throughout the body

a)

True

b)

False

90.

True or false: A deficiency in iodine or having an overstimulation of TSH receptors due to autoimmune disease (Graves' disease) results in goiter.

a)

True

b)

False

91.

What is the precursor to thyroid hormones?

a)

Cholesterol

b)

Tyrosine

c)

Iodide

92.

What does the symporter in the basal membrane of thyroid cells exchange with the extracellular fluid?

a)

Na/K

b)

I/K

c)

Na/I

d)

Na/Cl

93.

If there's a drop in body temperature, the adenohypophysis is stimulated to secrete _______ in order to produce T3 and T4 in the thyroid gland.

a)

CRH

b)

MSH

c)

TSH

d)

ACTH

94.

True or false: Dopamine inhibits POMC derivatives such as ACTH and MSH.

a)

True

b)

False

95.

Which of the following is not affected by thyroid hormones?

a)

Nerves

b)

Lungs

c)

Uterus

d)

Bone

96.

What is the most common endocrinopathy in older cats?

a)

Hyperthyroidism

b)

Hypothyroidism

97.

Which of the following are methods to treat hyperthyroidism?

a)

Methimazole

b)

Surgical removal of thyroid

c)

Radioactive iodide treatment

d)

Radioactive spiders

98.

What is the most common endocrine disorder in dogs?

a)

Hyperthyroidism

b)

Hypothyroidism

99.

Glucagon is derived from ________ synthesized in the pancreas, GI tract, and brain.

a)

POMC

b)

Preproglucagon

c)

Preproinsulin

100.

Glucagon secretion is triggered by ______ and _________.

a)

High amino acids, high glucose

b)

High amino acids, low glucose

c)

Low amino acids, low glucose

d)

Low amino acids, high glucose

101.

What disease results in persistent hyperglycemia and sweet urine?

a)

Hematuria

b)

Diabetes mellitus

c)

Diabetes insipidus

d)

Polydipsia

102.

True or false: diabetes mellitus Type I is characterized by the combined alteration of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion.

a)

True

b)

False

103.

Diabetes mellitus is more frequently seen in ______ dogs.

a)

Male

b)

Female

104.

___________ is the most common cause of human DM I and canine hypoinsulemia.

a)

Trauma

b)

Neoplasia

c)

Inflammation

d)

Autoantibodies

105.

Which of the following are signs of diabetes mellitus?

a)

Weight loss

b)

Depression

c)

Ketoacidosis

d)

Hyperglycemia

e)

Cataracts

106.

Diabetes mellitus results from the malfunction of _______, _________, and _______ metabolism

a)

Carbohydrate

b)

Protein

c)

Lipid

d)

Ions

107.

True or false: Sulfonylureas, metformin, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are all examples of drugs to treat diabetes mellitus.

a)

True

b)

False

108.

Normal Calcium concentration in the ECF is ___.

a)

2 mEq/Liter

b)

5 mEq/Liter

c)

7 mEq/Liter

d)

10 mEq/Liter

109.

True or false: ECF concentration of calcium is 1000 times lower than free cytoplasmic concentration.

a)

True

b)

False

110.

Calcium homeostasis is regulated by combined action of _______, _________, and ___________.

a)

Calcitonin

b)

PTH

c)

Vitamin D

d)

Potassium

111.

What cells secrete parathormone?

a)

Granulosa cells

b)

Theca cells

c)

Follicular cells

d)

Chief cells

112.

Secretion of parathormone is triggered by a(n) _________ in serum ionized Ca2+, detected by calcium-sensing receptors in the membranes of chief cells.

a)

Increase

b)

Decrease

113.

Parathormone increases calcium plasma levels by stimulating ____________ and ____________.

a)

Bone resorption

b)

Calcium renal reabsorption

c)

Calcium renal storage

d)

Bone calcium storage

114.

True or false: The primary function of osteoblasts and osteocytes is bone accretion.

a)

True

b)

False

115.

True or false: PTH increases renal phosphate reabsorption.

a)

True

b)

False

116.

T/F: Prolactin is secreted by lactotrophs in the anterior pituitary, and stimulates lactogenesis in secretory alveolar cells.

a)

True

b)

False

117.

T/F: Oxytocin is secreted from hypothalamic neurons and triggers milk ejection.

a)

True

b)

False

118.

Which of the following is considered a “mother love hormone” that stimulates maternal behavior and pair bonding?

a)

PRL (prolactin)

b)

TRH (thyrotropin releasing hormone)

c)

ADH (anti-diuretic hormone)

d)

Van der waals forces

e)

Oxytocin

119.

ADH (Anti-diuretic hormone) serves to inhibit diuresis by:

a)

directly stimulating renin in the juxtaglomerular cells

b)

reabsorbing water in the renal collecting ducts

c)

dilating pulmonary vessels

d)

suppressing ACTH

120.

desmopressin is a medication that:

a)

Works against vasopressin

b)

Can treat diabetes insipidus.

c)

Is a synthetic analog of ADH

d)

Makes the animal exhibit excessive thirst

121.

Secretion of milky fluid from the breasts of males or females is called:

a)

teat extortion

b)

mastitis

c)

Galactorrhea

d)

Gynecomastia

122.

What is the structure highlighted in blue?

a)

Pars intermedia

b)

Pars tuberalis

c)

Lumen of Rathke's pouch

d)

Neurohypophysis

123.

Choose the INCORRECT statement:

a)

Hormones can be transported via axons to the posterior pituitary.

b)

Inhibiting hormones can be released in the hypothalamus and reach the anterior pituitary via portal vessels.

c)

Endocrine cells in the adenohypophysis secrete hormones that enter the bloodstream.

d)

The anterior pituitary is derived from nervous tissue.

124.

Which letter represents metestrus?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

125.

What is circled in blue?

a)

Primary follicle

b)

Secondary follicle

c)

Tertiary follicle

d)

Secondary oocyte

126.

Choose the following correct statements about Prostaglandin F2α:

a)

It inhibits proestrus

b)

It is released locally by the uterus

c)

It causes regression of the corpus luteum and decreases progesterone levels

d)

It is stimulated by oxytocin

127.

Chorionic gonadotropin:

a)

is a placental hormone that rescues the corpus luteum from regression

b)

Is the same thing as interferon tau in cattle

c)

Is released by GnRH

d)

Works just like prostaglandin F2α

128.

T/F: Insulin and Glucagon coordinate the disposition of nutrient inputs from meals

a)

True

b)

False

129.

What is true about both insulin and glucagon?

a)

They are both peptides

b)

Both are secreted by pancreatic Islets of Langerhans.

c)

Both act on the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue

d)

Both are involved in fasting

e)

Have the same impact on cells

130.

What are the pale areas called that the blue arrows are pointing at?

a)

Islets of Langerhans

b)

Acinar cells

c)

Gamma somatostatin cells

d)

Duct cells

131.

Which of the following factors control insulin release?

a)

Increased glucagon secretion

b)

Decreased catecholamine secretion

c)

Increased nutrients like amino acids

d)

Increased growth hormone levels

e)

Increased cortisol levels

132.

Which of the following facilitates glucose diffusion into adipose and muscle cells, with the help of insulin?

a)

GLUT 1

b)

GLUT 2

c)

GLUT 3

d)

GLUT 4

133.

Which of the following hormones does NOT mobilize fuels?

a)

Cortisol

b)

Insulin

c)

Epinephrine

d)

Growth hormone

e)

Glucagon

134.

Which of the following is an effect of insulin action?

a)

Increase in glycogenolysis

b)

Increase in gluconeogenesis

c)

Increase in glycogenesis

d)

Increase in fatty acid esterification

135.

Which hormone is released from the area that the arrow is pointing to?

a)

Aldosterone

b)

Cortisol

c)

Testosterone

136.

Cells in the ______________ secrete a steroid essential for sodium conservation in the kidney.

a)

Medulla

b)

Zona glomerulosa

c)

Zona fasciculata

d)

Zona reticularis

137.

The ________________ secrete calcitonin.

a)

Chief cells

b)

Parafollicular cells

c)

Follicular cells

d)

Colloid areas

138.

Insulin:

a)

Is secreted by alpha cells in Islets of Langerhans

b)

Decreases storage of fatty acids

c)

Is secreted by acinar cells

d)

Increases storage of amino acids.

139.

What is the impact on calcium from cells secreted from this gland (blue arrow):

a)

Decreases plasma Ca2+ concentration

b)

Increases Ca2+ plasma concentration

c)

Has no impact on calcium concentrations.

140.

From greatest to least, list how calcium is found in plasma

1 - complexed with other ions (like phosphate)

2 - bound to proteins

3 - ionized

a)

1,2,3

b)

2,3,1

c)

3,2,1

d)

2,1,3

141.

Bone resorption of Osteoclasts is stimulated by which hormone?

a)

parathormone

b)

Vitamin D

c)

Calcitonin

d)

ACTH

142.

Which of the following can cause coagulopathies and eclampsia?

a)

hypercalcemia

b)

hypocalcemia

c)

Vitamin D toxicity

143.

T/F: In most species, the presence of light inhibits melatonin and activates gonads.

a)

True

b)

False

144.

Which of the following about EPO (erythropoietin) is FALSE?

a)

low EPO can be treated with human recombinant EPO

b)

It is a glycoprotein

c)

low EPO can mean anemia

d)

it produces white blood cells

Similar Resources on Wayground

Animal Biology Exam Revision

142 questions

Animal Biology Exam Revision

quiz

Worksheet

•

KG - Professional Dev...

Mikrobiologija - pitanja

142 questions

Mikrobiologija - pitanja

quiz

Worksheet

•

University

SLB - MD

144 questions

SLB - MD

quiz

Worksheet

•

University

Anatomy Bones Review

145 questions

Anatomy Bones Review

quiz

Worksheet

•

University