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Biology Study Guide

Total questions: 246

Worksheet time: 3hrs 55mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What is the source of energy for photosynthesis?
a)
carbohydrates-chemical
b)
sunlight-radiant
c)
heat-thermal
d)
television-electrical
2.
What are the reactants (what's needed) for photosynthesis?
a)
glucose and oxygen
b)
light, water, and carbon dioxide
3.
What gas is released by plants during photosynthesis?
a)
sulfur
b)
carbon dioxide
c)
oxygen
d)
hydrogen
4.
What is the purpose of photosynthesis?
a)
make glucose
b)
make ATP
c)
make light
d)
release carbon dioxide
5.
What are the products (what's made) during photosynthesis?
a)
glucose and oxygen
b)
water, light, and carbon dioxide
6.
What type of organism uses photosynthesis?
a)
plants
b)
bacteria
c)
animals
d)
both plants and bacteria
7.
What is the energy conversion during photosynthesis?
a)
chemical --> chemical
b)
thermal --> electrical
c)
chemical --> electrical 
d)
radiant --> chemical
8.
In which organelle (part of the cell) does photosynthesis take place?
a)
mitochondria
b)
chloroplast
c)
nucleus
d)
cell membrane
9.
How can photosynthesis be related to cellular respiration?
a)
What's produced (made) by one is needed (the reactants) for the other
b)
They both produce the same products
c)
They both have the same reactants (need the same things)
d)
These 2 processes have nothing in common
10.
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
a)
6CO + 6H20 -----> C6H12O6 + 6O2
b)
6CO + 6H20 + Light -----> C6H12O6 + 6O2
c)
sin(x)
d)
a squared plus b squared equals c squared
11.
What are light dependent reations
a)
They require no light
b)
They take place under the light of FBI investigations
c)
They require light
d)
They require only moonlight
12.
What are light independent reactions?
a)
They require no light
b)
They require light
13.
What are C3 plants?
a)
These plants are the best when it comes to storing water due to their extremely dry environments
b)
These plants mostly just reduce the rate of photorespiration
c)
What most plants who don't specifically have to adapt for harsh environments
14.
What are C4 plants?
a)
These plants are the best when it comes to storing water due to their extremely dry environments
b)
These plants mostly just reduce the rate of photorespiration
c)
What most plants who don't specifically have to adapt for harsh environments
15.
What are CAM plants?
a)
What most plants who don't specifically have to adapt for harsh environments
b)
These plants mostly just reduce the rate of photorespiration
c)
These plants are the best when it comes to storing water due to their extremely dry environments
16.
What is the formula for glucose?
a)
C6H12O7
b)
CHO6126
c)
C6H12O6
d)
C5H5O5
17.
Glucose is formed in the _______ of a plant
a)
The stem
b)
The buds
c)
The leaves
d)
The roots
18.

Plants use the following reactants for the light reaction

a)

Water and CO2

b)

Water and NADPH

c)

Water and NADP+

d)

NADPH and ATP

19.

Photosynthesis goal is to

a)

convert light energy into glucose energy

b)

use light energy to make oxygen gas

c)

convert sugar energy into ATP

d)

convert sugar energy into oxygen gas

20.

Rubisco is important in which step of photosynthesis

a)

energizing the electrons in chlorophyll

b)

carbon fixation when CO2 is connected to RUBP during calvin cycle

c)

regeneration phase as RUBP is made during calvin cycle

d)

reduction of the carbon chain during the calvin cycle

21.

If the proton (H+) pump in the thylakoid was not working which molecule could not be made during the light reaction?

a)

NADPH

b)

ATP

c)

Water

d)

Oxygen gas

22.

The NADP+ is

a)

oxidized during the light reaction

b)

reduced during the light reaction

c)

oxidized during the Calvin cycle

d)

reduced during the Calvin cycle

23.

Which of the following would have the least affect on photosynthetic rate?

a)

increase the temp from 20 C to 30 C

b)

increasing the CO2 from 400 ppm to 600ppm

c)

increasing the light intesity from 40 Watts to 60 Watts

d)

increasing the amount of O2 from 20% to 30% in the air

24.

Plants obtain CO2 into the chloroplast by

a)

active transport

b)

diffusion

c)

facilitated diffusion

d)

endocytosis

25.

Photosystems are made of

a)

chloroplasts

b)

chromosomes

c)

chlorophyll

d)

cytoplasm

26.

Photorespiration involves

a)

the production of oxygen gas during the break down of sugar

b)

the breakdown of sugar when CO2 levels are low.

c)

the production of massive amounts of ATP in the thylakoid

d)

water being pulled out of the plant

27.

Why does photorespiration occur?

a)

stomata are closed and CO2 levels are too low.

b)

stomata are closed and O2 levels are too low.

c)

stomata are open and too much water is leaving the plant

d)

stomata are open and the plant receives too much CO2

28.

What does a C4 plant do?

a)

stores CO2 in a separate cell from its photosynthetic cell during the day

b)

stores CO2 in a vacuole during the night.

c)

can't store CO2 so it sufferes photorespiration

d)

can't store CO2 so it speeds up cellular respiration in order to make more CO2

29.

Plants that store CO2 at night are called

a)

C3 plants

b)

C4 plants

c)

CAM plants

30.

Which plant LACKS CO2 storage method

a)

C3

b)

C4

c)

CAM

31.
What is one function of the other pigments  besides chlorophyll, in the chloroplast?
a)
to block damaging wavelengths of light
b)
to absorb different wavelengths than the chloroplasts
c)
to provide different colors to the leaves
d)
to transfer energy to a separate photosystem beside the one using chlorophyll a and b.
32.
What is the primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis?
a)
To produce glucose
b)
To produce NADPH and ATP
c)
To use ATP
d)
To produce RuBP
33.
What is the function of NADP+?
a)
It absorbs light
b)
It is an electron carrier
c)
It is a light-reflecting pigment
d)
It acts as long-term energy storage
34.
Which of the following molecules is not needed for the Calvin Cycle?
a)
CO2
b)
ATP
c)
NADPH
d)
H2O
35.
Green plants reflect ________ light.
a)
Red
b)
Green
c)
All
d)
Red and Violet
36.
The light reactions occur in the ________ and the dark reactions take place in the ________.
a)
Chloroplast / thylakoid membrane
b)
stroma / thylakoid
c)
mesophyl / stomata
d)
thylakoid membrane / stroma
37.
Where does the carbon come from that is used to form glucose?
a)
The soil
b)
CO2 in the air
c)
From other carbohydrates
d)
Calvin Cycle
38.
Where is glucose synthesized
a)
Photosystem II
b)
Photosystem I
c)
Calvin Cycle
d)
Glycolysis
39.
Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
a)
stroma of the chloroplast
b)
thylakoid membrane
c)
outer membrane of the chloroplast
d)
interior of the thylakoid membrane
40.
When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a direct by-product of
a)
reducing NADP+
b)
splitting water molecules
c)
chemiosmosis
d)
electron transfer in photosystem II and I
41.
What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?
a)
regenerate ATP for use in the light reactions of photosynthesis
b)
produce carbon dioxide for use in the light reactions of photosynthesis
c)
produce oxygen by oxidizing water
d)
produce simple sugars from carbon dioxide
42.
Plants with the largest amount of which pigment will be best suited for growing conditions where light has a green hue.
a)
Chlorophyll A
b)
Chlorophyll B
c)
Carotenoids
d)
A combination of all 3
43.
How many sugar molecules are produced from every six molecules of carbon dioxide that enter the Calvin cycle?
a)
1
b)
3
c)
6
d)
12
44.

The H+ concentration gradient used in chemiosmosis is used to

a)

make NADPH

b)

split a water molecule

c)

generate ATP

d)

form water

45.

The enzyme is this picture is primarily responsible for

a)

making ADP

b)

making ATP

c)

making FADH2

d)

making NADPH

46.

What source of energy powers the proton pumps in the electron transport chain?

a)

NADPH

b)

FADH2

c)

O2

d)

electrons from the H in water (e-)

47.

What is reduced in the electron transport chain of photosynthesis?

a)

FADH+

b)

NAD+

c)

NADP+

d)

H2O

48.

What are the products of the electron transport chain in photosynthesis?

a)

NADH, ATP

b)

NAD+, ADP

c)

NADPH, ATP

d)

H2O, NADP+, ADP

49.

Chemiosmosis is a process of building a difference in charge on each side of the membrane to power which enzyme?

a)

ATP synthase

b)

RuBisCo

c)

Hydrolase

d)

Chlorophyll

50.

In photosynthesis, ___________ starts the light reactions (aka. electron transport chain) of photosynthesis. Choose all that apply.

a)

oxidation of water

b)

light energy

c)

oxygen

d)

carbon dioxide

51.

The products of the light reactions (electron transport chain) of photosynthesis are ___________. (Check all that apply.)

a)

ATP

b)

NADPH

c)

NADH

d)

O2

52.

What reactants are needed to start the light independent reactions (Calvin Cycle) of photosynthesis? Check all that apply.

a)

RuBP

b)

RuBisCo

c)

CO2

d)

ATP

e)

NADPH

53.

What are the products of the light independent reactions (Calvin Cycle) of photosynthesis? Check all that apply.

a)

ADP

b)

NADP+

c)

C6H12O6

d)

NAD+

54.

CAM plants typically live in what type of environment?

a)

mild to moderate temperature

b)

hot, arid (dry) environments

c)

hot and humid environments

d)

extremely cold, dry environments

55.

Which plant has evolved to keep its stoma closed during the day and stores CO2 so that it can complete photosynthesis at night?

a)

CAM plants

b)

C3 plants

c)

C4 plants

d)

corn

56.

Which plant has evolved to do less photorespiration by having less stoma on the underside of its leaves and lives in hot humid environments? Check all that apply.

a)

C4 plants

b)

CAM plants

c)

C3 plants

d)

Sugar cane

57.

Enzymes that make or break down ATP are called____________.

a)

isomerases

b)

polymerases

c)

kinases

d)

chimases

58.
Where does glycolysis take place in cells?
a)
Cytoplasm
b)
Mitochondrion
c)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
d)
Ribosomes
59.
Glycolysis results in the net gain of:
a)
2 ATP
b)
4 ATP
c)
4 NADH
d)
2 Acetyl CoA
60.
Glycolysis results in the total production of:
a)
2 ATP
b)
4 ATP
c)
4 NADH
d)
2 Acetyl CoA
61.
Which of the following is not a requirement for glycolysis?
a)
Oxygen
b)
ATP
c)
NAD+
d)
Glucose
62.
The first step in getting energy in the cell by breaking down glucose is known as
a)
the Krebs cycle
b)
electron transport
c)
fermentation
d)
glycolysis
63.
What is the starting molecule for glycolysis?
a)
Glucose
b)
ADP
c)
Oxygen
d)
Pyruvic Acid
64.
Glycolysis requires
a)
ATP
b)
Oxygen
c)
sunlight
d)
NADP+
65.
In glycolysis, glucose is converted into two molecules of _____. 
a)
citric acid
b)
oxaloacetic acid
c)
pyruvic acid
d)
Acetyl CoA
66.
What is Anaerobic Respiration?
a)
process of producing energy without oxygen.
b)
process of producing energy with oxygen.
67.
This molecule contains three phosphate groups
a)
ADP
b)
ATP
c)
Mitochondria
d)
Nucleus
68.
This molecule contains two phosphate groups
a)
ADP
b)
ATP
c)
Mitochondria
d)
Nucleus
69.

In glycolysis, how many molecules of NADH are formed?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

70.
Glucose is broken down into pyruvate in a process known as 
a)
glycolysis
b)
electron transport
c)
the Krebs cycle
d)
phosphorylation
71.
Most of the CO2 produced during cellular respiration is released during
a)
the citric acid cycle
b)
the electron transport chain
c)
glycolysis
d)
chemiosmosis
72.
Most of a cell's ATP is produced during this stage of cellular respiration.
a)
oxidative phosphorylation
b)
glycolysis
c)
the citric acid cycle
d)
fermentation
73.
Pyruvate must be "groomed" in the cytoplasm to form this 2-carbon compound.
a)
acteyl CoA
b)
malate
c)
lactic acid
d)
FAD
74.
At the start of the the citric acid cycle acetyl CoA joins with this 4-carbon compound to create citrate.
a)
oxaloacetate
b)
FADH2
c)
carbon monoxide
d)
glucose
75.
The role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to
a)
accept electrons
b)
produce ATP
c)
groom pyruvate
d)
release ions
76.
This term refers to the production of ATP without oxygen being present.
a)
anaerobic
b)
prokaryotic
c)
biogenic
d)
organic
77.
Fermentation occurs in the cell's 
a)
cytoplasm
b)
nucleus
c)
cell membrane
d)
cristae
78.
Which of the following is NOT a waste product produced during fermentation processes?
a)
NADH
b)
ethanol
c)
lactate
d)
CO2
79.
To make large amounts of energy, an eukaryotic cell must use oxygen and 
a)
glucose
b)
water
c)
carbon dioxide
d)
light
80.
Which of these is NOT an anaerobic process?
a)
electron transport chain
b)
glycolysis
c)
citric acid cycle
d)
fermentation
81.
The movement of H+ ions down a concentration gradient to release large amounts of ATP is 
a)
chemiosmosis
b)
phosphorylation
c)
anaerobic respiration
d)
pyruvate grooming
82.
In order to create NADH and FADH2 , NAD and FAD must be 
a)
reduced
b)
oxidized
c)
replaced
d)
ionized
83.
The waste products of alcoholic fermentation are ethanol and 
a)
CO2
b)
pyruvate
c)
citrate
d)
ADP
84.
The citric acid cycle and glycolysis can both yield _____ molecules of ATP.
a)
2
b)
4
c)
3
d)
5
85.
The waste product _______ is formed during the electron transport chain when H- unite with O2 molecules.
a)
water
b)
glucose
c)
carbon dioxide
d)
lactate
86.
This molecule contains three phosphate groups
a)
ADP
b)
ATP
c)
Mitochondria
d)
Nucleus
87.
This molecule contains two phosphate groups
a)
ADP
b)
ATP
c)
Mitochondria
d)
Nucleus
88.
This process releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon-based molecules to make ATP when oxygen is present.
a)
photosynthesis
b)
light-independent reaction
c)
cellular respiration
d)
light-dependent reaction
89.
What is the net gain of ATP during glycolysis?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
90.
Glycolysis 
a)
does not need oxygen
b)
does need oxygen
91.
Glycolysis takes place in the 
a)
mitochondria
b)
cell membrane
c)
cytoplasm
d)
nucleus
92.
This is the first step of cellular respiration
a)
Glycolysis
b)
Lactic Acid Fermentation
c)
Alcoholic Fermentation
d)
Aerobic Respiration
93.
Which is not a waste product of cellular respiration?
a)
Water
b)
Heat
c)
Carbon Dioxide
d)
Oxygen
94.
This process does not make ATP alone, but it allows glycolysis to continue making ATP when oxygen is unavailable for cellular respiration.
a)
Fermentation
b)
Electron Transport Chain
c)
Glycolysis
d)
Kreb's cycle
95.
This means that oxygen is needed
a)
anaerobic 
b)
aerobic
96.
What is one of the reactants of cellular respiration?
a)
energy
b)
glucose
c)
carbon dioxide
d)
water
97.
______________ produces the most ATP.
a)
photosnthesis
b)
aerobic respiration
c)
anaerobic respiration
d)
glycolysis
98.
What are the products of aerobic respiration?
a)
Glucose and oxygen
b)
Carbon dioxide and water
c)
Lactic acid
d)
Carbon monoxide
99.
The mitochondria is responsible for ...
a)
photosynthesis
b)
anaerobic respiration
c)
aerobic respiration
d)
fermentation
100.
How many ATP are produced in aerobic respiration?
a)
2
b)
33
c)
4
d)
36
101.
In which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different?
a)
Cellular respiration stores ATP, while photosynthesis releases ATP.
b)
Cellular respiration produces oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen.
c)
Photosynthesis releases energy, while cellular respiration stores energy.
d)
Photosynthesis used carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide.
102.
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
a)
6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
b)
6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
c)
6CO2 + 6H2O -> 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy
d)
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy -> 6O2 + C6H12O6
103.
Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?
a)
mitochondria
b)
chloroplast
c)
cytoplasm
d)
nucleus
104.
Cellular Respiration's goal is to
a)
make water
b)
make ATP
c)
make glucose
d)
make  oxygen
105.
Which molecule isn't an energy carrier?
a)
FADH2
b)
NADH
c)
oxygen
d)
ATP
106.
 The expression "feel the burn" means that a person exercising is doing 
a)
lactic acid fermentation
b)
alcoholic fermentation
c)
photosynthesis
d)
aerobic respiration
107.
ATP becomes ADP when it
a)
loses a phosphate
b)
is exposed to sunlight
c)
gains a phosphate
d)
gains energy
108.
Which is a product of the Krebs Cycle?
a)
glucose
b)
carbon dioxide
c)
water
d)
pyruvate
109.
Which is a product of the electron transport chain?
a)
glucose
b)
carbon dioxide
c)
water
d)
oxygen
110.
When a bond is made
a)
energy is stored
b)
energy is released
111.
When a bond is broken
a)
energy is stored
b)
energy is released
112.
Where do the electrons from the energy carriers in the ETC go to?
a)
ATP
b)
ADP
c)
NADH
d)
Oxygen
113.
Where does the energy created in the Krebs cycle go?
a)
cytoplasm
b)
mitochondrial matrix
c)
ETC
d)
stroma
114.
Lactic acid fermentation occurs in your muscles after a workout because your cells are struggling to get...
a)
Glucose
b)
Sunlight
c)
Oxygen
d)
Water
115.
The process carried out by yeast that causes bread to rise is
a)
alcoholic fermentation
b)
lactic acid fermentation
c)
cellular respiration
d)
yeast mitosis
116.
Fermentation is:
a)
Cellular Respiration 
b)
Photosynthesis
c)
Aerobic
d)
Anaerobic
117.
What is a disadvantage of fermentation as a process? 
a)
It produces too much ATP
b)
It only produces 2 ATP
c)
It occurs in the absence of oxygen
d)
It is only for quick bursts of energy
118.
How are lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation similar?
a)
They have the same products
b)
They have the same reactants
c)
They both require oxygen
d)
They occur in the same organisms
119.
Fermentation occurs in the cell's 
a)
cytoplasm
b)
nucleus
c)
cell membrane
d)
cristae
120.
Which of the following is NOT a stage of cellular respiration?
a)
fermentation
b)
electron transport
c)
glycolysis
d)
Krebs cycle
121.

Which pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration?

a)

Krebs cycle

b)

electron transport chain

c)

glycolysis

d)

formation of Acetyl CoA

122.

Where does the Krebs Cycle takes place?

a)

Cytoplasm of the cell

b)

Matrix of the mitochondrion

c)

Inner membrane of the mitochondrion

d)

Outer membrane of the mitochondrion

123.

Where does the electron transport chain take place?

a)

Cytoplasm of the cell

b)

Matrix of the mitochondrion

c)

Inner membrane of the mitochondrion

d)

Outer membrane of the mitochondrion

124.

What is produced during glycolysis? Check all that apply.

a)

2 NET ATP

b)

4 TOTAL ATP

c)

2 NADH

d)

2 pyruvate molecules

125.

What do the energy carrying molecules made in the Kreb's cycle do? Choose all that apply.

a)

Go to the inner membrane to power the electron transport chain.

b)

Go to the inner membrane to be oxidized.

c)

Recycle back to the Kreb's cycle when they have been oxidized.

d)

Go to the inner membrane to be reduced.

126.

The reduced form of NAD+ is

a)

NADH

b)

NADPH

c)

FADH2

d)

ATP

127.

Which molecules are oxidized to release electrons to power the pumping of H+ in the electron transport chain? Check all that apply.

a)

NADH

b)

FADH2

c)

ATP

d)

ADP

128.

What must happen to ADP to form ATP? Check all that apply.

a)

ADP must be reduced.

b)

ADP must be oxidized.

c)

Energy is used to form a bond.

d)

ADP must be phosphorylated.

129.
For every molecule of glucose, how many molecules of FADH2 are produced by the Krebs Cycle?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
4
d)
6
130.
The ETC makes water.  To make this water, where do the hydrogen atoms come from?
a)
glucose
b)
pyruvate
c)
NADH and FADH2
d)
oxygen
131.
NAD and FAD are _________ in the Krebs cycle.
a)
oxidized
b)
reduced
c)
carboxylated
d)
phosphorylated
132.
In the ETC, what is the last electron acceptor?
a)
water
b)
oxygen
c)
NAD
d)
FAD
133.
Hydrogen ions moving from the intermembrane space into the mitochondrial matrix is called
a)
chemiosmosis
b)
phosphorylation
c)
oxidation
d)
reduction
134.

The outer membrane of the mitochondrion on the photo

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

135.

Matrix of the mitochondrion

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

136.

The inner membrane of the mitochondrion

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

137.

A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing; a biological catalyst

a)

enzyme

b)

enzyme-substrate complex

c)

substrate

d)

active site

138.

A temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate molecule(s).

a)

enzyme-substrate complex

b)

enzyme

c)

substrate

d)

active site

139.

The reactant on which an enzyme works; binds to the active site

a)

enzyme

b)

substrate

c)

enzyme-substrate complex

d)

coenzymes

140.

The part of an enzyme or antibody where the chemical reaction occurs

a)

active site

b)

coenzymes

c)

competitive inhibitor

d)

noncompetitive inhibitor

141.

An organic molecule that is a necessary participant in some enzymatic reactions; helps catalysis by donating or accepting electrons or functional groups; e.g., a vitamin, ATP, NAD+.

a)

enzyme

b)

coenzymes

c)

active site

d)

competitive inhibitor

142.

A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.

a)

competitive inhibitor

b)

noncompetitive inhibitor

143.

A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site, changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.

a)

noncompetitive inhibitor

b)

competitive inhibitor

144.

A site on an enzyme other than the active site, to which a specific substance binds, thereby changing the shape and activity of the enzyme.

a)

allosteric site

b)

active site

c)

endothermic site

d)

catabolic site

145.

Energy needed to get a reaction started

a)

activation energy

b)

reaction energy

c)

ATP

d)

catabolic energy

146.

Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy.

a)

catabolism

b)

anabolism

147.

Metabolic pathways that requires energy to build larger molecules

a)

catabolism

b)

anabolism

148.

A reaction that ABSORBS energy in the form of heat

a)

endothermic reaction

b)

exothermic reaction

149.

A reaction that RELEASES energy in the form of heat

a)

endothermic reaction

b)

exothermic reaction

150.

All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism to support or sustain its life

a)

metabolism

b)

pH

c)

denaturation

d)

feedback inhibition

151.

Hydrogen ion concentration in a solution; lower than 7 is acidic, 7 is neutral, and greater than 7 is basic

a)

pH

b)

metabolism

c)

ATP

d)

ADP

152.

Loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factor that typically results in a loss of function

a)

denaturation

b)

renaturation

c)

feedback inhibition

d)

endothermic reaction

153.

A metabolic pathway is switched off by the inhibitory binding of its end product to an enzyme that acts early in the pathway.

a)

feedback inhibition

b)

thylakoid

c)

catabolic reaction

d)

anabolic reaction

154.

A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast that is used to convert light energy into chemical energy

a)

thylakoid

b)

granum

c)

stroma

d)

chlorophyll

155.

A stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast

a)

granum

b)

thylakoid

c)

stroma

d)

metabolism

156.

The fluid-filled space of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane that is involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.

a)

granum

b)

thylakoid

c)

stroma

d)

chlorophyll

157.

Reactions of photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH and O2; also called the electron transport chain

a)

light-dependent reactions

b)

light-independent reactions

158.

A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP

a)

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

b)

Chemiosmosis

c)

ATP

d)

ADP

159.

A process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient, or battery, to power the ATP synthase enzyme

a)

chemiosmosis

b)

photosynthesis

c)

ATP synthase

d)

ADP

160.

Reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as glucose

a)

calvin cycle

b)

photosynthesis

c)

ATP synthase

d)

metabolism

161.

Large protein enzymes that uses energy from H+ ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP

a)

ATP synthase

b)

metabolism

c)

ATP

d)

catobolic molecules

162.

Plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen

a)

photosynthesis

b)

metabolism

c)

ATP

d)

endothermic reaction

163.

The source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis

a)

ATP

b)

ADP

c)

water

d)

glucose

164.

Source of carbon used to make glucose in the Calvin cycle

a)

carbon dioxide

b)

oxygen

c)

sugar

d)

water

165.

Process where oxygen and glucose are used to make ATP

a)

cellular respiration

b)

metabolism

c)

photosynthesis

d)

carbon breakdown

166.

An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs

a)

chloroplast

b)

chlorophyll

c)

mitochondrion

d)

nucleus

167.

Cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in the glucose in food into compounds like ATP that are more convenient for the cell to use

a)

mitochondrion

b)

chlorophyll

c)

chloroplast

d)

nucleus

168.

6CO2 (carbon dioxide) + 6H2O (water) +energy-------> C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2 (oxygen)

a)

equation for photosynthesis

b)

equation for cellular respiration

c)

equation for endothermic reactions

d)

equation for glycolysis

169.

C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2 (oxygen) ---------> 6CO2 (carbon dioxide) + 6H2O (water) + energy (ATP)

a)

equation for cellular respiration

b)

equation for photosynthesis

c)

equation for glycolysis

d)

equation for ATP

170.

A metabolic process that breaks down glucose through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and releases energy for the body in the form of ATP

a)

Glycolysis

b)

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

171.

Second stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions; takes place in the matrix of the mitochondrion

a)

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

b)

Glycolysis

172.

2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH

a)

Products of glycolysis

b)

Products of Krebs Cycle

c)

Products of Calvin Cycle

d)

Products of ETC in cellular respiration

173.

6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2, 2 ATP

a)

Products of Krebs Cycle

b)

Products of Calvin Cycle

c)

Products of ETC in cellular respiration

d)

Products of light dependent reactions

174.

glucose, ADP, NADP+

a)

Products of Calvin Cycle

b)

Products of ETC in cellular respiration

c)

Products of light dependent reactions

d)

aerobic respiration

175.

water, 34 ATP

a)

Products of ETC in cellular respiration

b)

Products of light dependent reactions

c)

aerobic respiration

d)

anaerobic respiration

176.

ATP, NADPH, O2

a)

Products of light dependent reactions

b)

Products of ETC in cellular respiration

c)

Products of Calvin Cycle

d)

Products of Krebs Cycle

177.

Respiration that requires oxygen

a)

aerobic respiration

b)

anaerobic respiration

178.

Respiration that does not require oxygen

a)

aerobic respiration

b)

anaerobic respiration

179.

A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.

a)

Fermentation

b)

Metabolism

c)

Photosynthesis

d)

Catabolism

180.

Oxidation of one molecule is always accompanied by the reduction of another; oxidation is the loss of electrons while reduction is the gain of electrons (OIL RIG);Electrons are often transferred as hydrogen atoms

a)

oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions

b)

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

c)

light-dependent reactions

d)

Stroma

181.

Starts light dependent reactions

a)

H204 light energy

b)

RuBP & Co2

182.

Starts light independent reactions

a)

H202 light energy

b)

RuBP & CO2

183.

Chlorophyll appears to be green because chlorophyll absorbs __________

a)

all wavelengths of light

b)

green wavelengths of light

c)

yellow wavelengths of light

d)

red and blue wavelengths of lught

184.

A black object absorbs ___________.

a)

all wavelengths of light

b)

green wavelengths of light

c)

black wavelengths of light

d)

red and blue wavelengths of light

185.

What is the energy molecule for all living cells?

a)

ADP

b)

ATP

c)

Protein

d)

Sugars

186.
Using the figure, which parts of the molecule must the bonds be broken to form an ADP molecule?
a)
A and B
b)
B and C
c)
C and D
d)
all of the above
187.
ADP is an abbreviation for:
a)
aniline diphosphate.
b)
adenine diphosphate.
c)
adenosine diphosphate.
d)
adenosine triphosphate.
188.
What does the "TP" in ATP stand for?
a)
2 phosphates
b)
tri (3) phosphates
c)
Two proteins
d)
tri (3) proteins
189.

What will ATP become when it loses a phosphate?

a)

Adenosine Monophosphate

b)

Adenosine Triphosphate

c)

Adenosine Diphosphate

190.

Complete this sentence. Metabolism is ...

a)

the sum of all reactions that take place in the body.

b)

covers some of the reactions that take place in the body.

c)

the total amount of energy used subtracted from the total amount consumed.

191.
When molecules are being built by chemical reactions it is called 
a)
anabolism
b)
catabolism
c)
fermentation
d)
respiration
192.
When molecules are being broken down in a chemical reaction it is called
a)
anabolism
b)
catabolism
c)
photosynthesis
d)
uptake
193.
Once an enzyme is used once, it must be replaced 
a)
true 
b)
false 
194.
What type of metabolism is demonstrated the reaction?
2H2O ----- 2H2 + O2
a)
anabolism
b)
catabolism
c)
dehydration
d)
hydration
195.
What type of metabolism is demonstrated the reaction?
Fe2O3 + 3SO3 → Fe2(SO4)3
a)
anabolism
b)
catabolism
c)
dehydration
d)
hydration
196.
What type of metabolism allows you to break down food into energy for your cells?
a)
anabolism
b)
catabolism
c)
exercise
d)
autotroph
197.

Degradative process

a)

catabolism

b)

anabolism

198.

Build complicated molecules

a)

catabolism

b)

anabolism

199.

Cellular respiration

a)

catabolism

b)

anabolism

200.

Downhill reaction

a)

catabolism

b)

anabolism

201.

Synthesis of proteins from amino acids

a)

catabolism

b)

anabolism

202.

Uphill reaction

a)

catabolsim

b)

anabolism

203.

Molecules such as glucose are high in ________ energy.

a)

chemical

b)

thermal

204.

The measure of disorder, or randomness is ___________.

a)

entropy

b)

energy

c)

thermodynamics

d)

bioenergetics

205.

Does not require an input of energy

a)

spontaneous process

b)

nonspontaneous process

206.

Leads to a decrease in entropy

a)

spontaneous process

b)

nonspontaneous process

207.

Which reactions release energy? Check all that apply.

a)

catabolic

b)

anabolic

c)

cellular respiration

d)

digestion

208.

Which reactions require an input of energy in order to take place? Check all that apply.

a)

Phosphorylation of ADP to make ATP

b)

The formation of glucose in photosynthesis

c)

Joining amino acids together to form proteins

d)

cellular respiration

209.
What type of reaction is occurring in this graph?
a)
endergonic
b)
exergonic
c)
unable to determine
210.

Net intake of energy

a)

endergonic

b)

exergonic

211.

Net release of energy

a)

endergonic

b)

exergonic

212.

What number represents the activation energy?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

213.

What number represents the change in free energy of the reactions?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

214.

This reaction is

a)

endergonic

b)

exergonic

215.

Endergonic reactions are _____________; exergonic reactions are ____________

a)

non-spontaneous; spontaneous

b)

spontaneous; non-spontaneous

c)

spontaneous; spontaneous

d)

non-spontaneous; non-spontaneous

216.

A + B --> C

a)

Anabolic

b)

Catabolic

217.

A --> B + C

a)

Anabolic

b)

Catabolic

218.
What is structure A?
a)
Substrate
b)
Active site
c)
Enzyme
d)
Products
219.
What is structure D?
a)
Substrate
b)
Active site
c)
Enzyme
d)
Products
220.
What is structure C?
a)
Substrate
b)
Active site
c)
Enzyme
d)
Products
221.
What is structure E, F, G?
a)
Substrate
b)
Active site
c)
Enzyme
d)
Products
222.
What 3 letters do enzymes typically end in?
a)
-ose
b)
-ase
c)
-ese
d)
-tic
223.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
a)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
b)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
c)
The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0
d)
The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .
224.
Any substance that is acted upon by an enzyme is called a(n)?
a)
Coenzyme
b)
Substrate
c)
Vitamin
d)
Polypeptide
225.
Based on the graph, what is the optimal temperature for this enzyme? 
a)
15oC
b)
40oC
c)
30oC
d)
35oC
226.
The current model of enzyme action is referred to as the...
a)
Induced Fit Model
b)
Lock & Key Model
c)
Singer-Nicolson Model
d)
Davson-Danielli Model
227.
Why does the shape of an enzyme determine its function?
a)
enzymes are specific to substrates (lock and key)
b)
enzymes can work with any substrate
c)
enzymes are activated by molecules
d)
enzymes are found everywhere
228.
Is this reaction endergonic or exergonic?
a)
Exergonic
b)
Endergonic
229.
Is this reaction endergonic or exergonic?
a)
Exergonic
b)
Endergonic
230.
The induced fit model of enzyme activity suggests which of the following?
a)
the binding of substrate depends on the conformation of the active site
b)
the binding of an activator alters the active site to enable binding of products more tightly
c)
binding of substrate changes the conformation of the active site to bind substrate more tightly
d)
binging of competitive inhibitors changes the shape of the active site to bind substrate less tightly
231.
Enzymes are made of what organic molecule?
a)
carbs
b)
protein
c)
lipids
d)
nucleic acids
232.
How do enzymes affect reactions?
a)
slow them down by raising activation energy
b)
slow them down by lowering the temperature
c)
speed them up by lowering the activation energy
d)
doesn't affect them in anyway
233.
If you cannot digest milk, then you lack the enzyme
a)
lactase
b)
carboxylase
c)
proteinase
d)
inhibitor
234.
The part of an enzyme where the substrate binds
a)
active site
b)
catalyst
c)
large subunit
d)
inhibitor
235.
This reaction shows a(n) ____________ reaction
a)
Catabolic
b)
Anabolic
c)
Dehydration Synthesis
d)
Halogenation
236.
Enzymes speed up reaction rates by changing:
a)
Activation Energy
b)
pH
c)
Hydrogen Bonds
d)
Kinetic Energy
237.
At high temperatures enzyme activity declines because of:
a)
Denaturation
b)
Decreased Kinetic Motion
c)
Increased H-Bonding
d)
Dissociation of Ionic Compounds
238.
At low temperatures enzyme activity declines because of:
a)
Denaturation
b)
Decreased Kinetic Motion
c)
Increased H-Bonding
d)
Dissociation of Ionic Compounds
239.
When a molecule can occupy the same active site as the substrate, a situation called __________________ can result
a)
Competitive lnhibition
b)
Allosteric Regulation
c)
Non-Competitive Inhibition
d)
Feedback Inhibition
240.
A receptor site that a molecule can bind to that changes the shape of the active site is called a(n):
a)
Allosteric Site
b)
Active Site
c)
DiSulphide Bridge
d)
MHC Receptor
241.
A molecule binds to an enzyme and opens the active site so it can bind to the substrate. This is called:
a)
Allosteric Activation
b)
Allosteric Inhibition
c)
Competitive Activation
d)
Competitive Inhibition
242.
A molecule binds to an enzyme and decreases the ability of the active site to bind to the substrate. This is called:
a)
Allosteric Activation
b)
Allosteric Inhibition
c)
Competitive Activation
d)
Competitive Inhibition
243.
Molecules that bind to enzymes and enhance an enzyme's ability are called:
a)
CoFactors
b)
CoEnzymes
c)
Allosteric Inhibitors
d)
Allosteric Activators
244.
Organic molecules that temporarily bind to enzymes and enhance an enzyme's ability are called:
a)
CoFactors
b)
CoEnzymes
c)
Allosteric Inhibitors
d)
Allosteric Activators
245.
A reaction where electrons are moved around is a:
a)
Neutralization
b)
Hydrolysis
c)
RedOx Reaction
d)
Phosphorylation
246.
What enzyme is likely to catalyze this reaction?
a)
Kinase
b)
OxidoReductase
c)
Isomerase
d)
Transferase

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