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WorksheetsRS244 - Final Review
Total questions: 83
Worksheet time: 47mins
What are the suggested steps to create a process of critical thinking from our spatial thinking class?
1. Accurately identify the consequences of each decided option in positioning and making a final choice
2. Act on an approach immediately before creating a mental list of possible approaches
3. Focus on the desired outcome
1 & 2
2 & 3
1 & 3
1, 2, & 3
What is the first priority in patient care for desired outcomes according to our lecture?
To provide fast and efficient care for the patients in the ED, CCU, ICU, NICU
Avoid injury to the patient
Minimize movement of the patient from projection to projection
To explain the exam
What is the trick to getting the perfect lateral chest image?
Position the patient perfectly lateral for the image
Position the patient where the side closest to the tube is rotated slightly posterior
Position the patient where the side closest to the tube is rotated slightly anterior
Position the patient where the side closest to the bucky is rotated slightly anterior
Which of the following key points are demonstrated in this example:
When attempting to locate midsagittal plane on a lateral position, the external occipital protuberance and the glabella can be used for reference.
Positioning planes must be evaluated from a true end-on viewpoint
Positioning planes and lines must be viewed by the radiographer from the same vertical level that the patient or anatomy is on
At least two different viewpoints, perpendicular to each other are required in order to properly evaluate all positioning planes necessary for a position
Always use two points to define a positioning line
Which of the following positioning planes can only be seen from an axial viewpoint?
Rotation
Abduction
Tilt
Flexion
Which of the following positioning planes can only be seen from a face on viewpoint?
Extension
Rotation
Adduction
Flexion
Which of the following positioning planes can only be seen from the side or lateral viewpoint?
Abduction
Tilt
Rotation
Flexion
In the average 9”torso or head positioning, for every 10-degrees of rotation, tilt, flexion, or extension, adjust the centering of the CR by how much?
¼ inch
½ inch
1 inch
2 inches
What will result if the grid IR is leaning on a mobile lateral decubitus examination of the chest or abdomen?
Increased scatter
Distortion
The distal anatomy will not be demonstrated
The proximal anatomy will not be demonstrated
During mobile radiography, the least amount of scattered radiation will occur at what angle to the object being radiographed?
45-degrees
50-degrees
70-degrees
90-degrees
To keep exposure times to a minimum during mobile radiography, the recommended SID should be ____ inches.
30
36
40
48
Which position is recommended for a mobile AP chest examination on a critically ill patient per Merrills?
Seated upright at a 90-degree angle
Seated upright at a 45-degree angle
Supine
Left lateral decubitus
During mobile radiography, the radiographer should be standing at what degree of angle from the primary beam?
0-degrees
45-degrees
90-degrees
45-90-degrees
During a mobile exposure, the radiographer should be how far from the object being radiographed?
4 feet
5 feet
6 feet
10 feet
According to federal regulations, the source-to-skin (SSD) distance during mobile radiography may not be less than ____ inches.
10
12
15
24
Most grids used for mobile radiography have ratios of:
6:1 or 8:1
8:1 or 10:1
10:1 or 12:1
12:1 or 16:1
The single most effective means of radiation protection during mobile radiography is:
Distance
Exposure time
Choice of kVp
Use of a nongrid technique
What type of fracture happens when one of the fractured bone ends is jammed into the cancellous tissue of another fragment?
Closed
Callus
Impacted
Complete
Shoulder dislocations are most commonly displaced
Anteriorly
Posteriorly
Interiorly
Exteriorly
Fractures that occur at sites of maximal strain on a bone, usually in connection with unaccustomed activity, are classified as _____ fractures.
Avulsion
Fatigue
Growth plate
Stress
For an AP Portable chest exam, which direction should the CR be angled on the majority of chest x-rays?
Cephalic
Caudal
Distal
Perpendicular
Which shoulder obscures C7 more in a lateral cervical spine exam?
The shoulder closest to the tube
The shoulder closest to the wall bucky
Both shoulders are equally disruptive
Which of the following are alternatives when grids prevent transverse angles?
Utilize 1/3 technique and do the exam without a grid
Change grid placement by turning the grid so the lines are crosswise
Utilize the wall bucky
All answers
What disease is defined as incomplete expansion of the lung as a result of a partial or total collapse?
Atelectasis
Pneumothorax
Pneumoperitoneum
Pneumonia
How is a pneumothorax best demonstrated with imaging?
Upright Chest AP Inspiration
Upright Chest PA Expiration
Left Lateral Decubitus Chest
Supine Chest AP
What disease is defined as occurring when free air is trapped in the pleural space and compresses the lung tissue?
Atelectasis
Pneumothorax
Pneumoperitoneum
Pneumonia
According to Merrills, what projection may be substituted for a left lateral decubitus abdomen position exam when the patient is too ill or injured?
Upright
Oblique
Supine
Lateral
How do we adjust our technique if we move from a 40” SID to a 72” SID?
2x mAs or 22% kVp increase
3x mAs or 22% kVp increase
3x mAs or 22% kVp decrease
3x mAs or 15% kVp increase
Which of the following SIDs would produce the least amount of magnification?
32”
40”
48”
72
At what degree of angulation is the beginning of an obvious elongation of the light field?
5-degrees
10-degrees
15-degrees
20-degrees
Using a 72” SID, this amount ________for all projections.
Increases 1 inch
Increases 2 inches
Decreases 1 inch
Decreases 2 inches
Signs of shock include all of the following except:
Cool, clammy skin
Diaphoresis
Excessive thirst
Vomiting
Each edge of the projected light field is required to be within about _______ of the actual edge of the x-ray field when the exposure is made.
1 inch
¾ inch
¼ inch
1/2 inch
If the collimator indicates the field size is 12 inches, what is the size of the visible light field on the patient for a lateral lumbar?
10 inches
14 inches
8 inches
6 inches
What system accounts for almost 50% of disability in patients older than 65?
Cardiovascular
Gastrointestinal
Musculoskeletal
Nervous
A common cause of death in patients with Alzheimer’s
Pneumonia
Elder abuse
Myocardial infarction
Hemorrhagic stroke
Traditional positioning for a chest radiograph may be difficult for a mobile elderly patient. An alternative would be to
Position them for an AP
Have a CT scan for the chest
Wrap his or her arms around the wall bucky
Leave arms down at the side
A common fracture site for an elderly person with osteoporosis is the
First metatarsal
Distal radius
Humeral head
Olecranon process
Exposure factors for the elderly
Do not require any changes
Call for increased kVp
May need longer time settings
Often require lower kVp
Which of the following help with communications with geriatric patients?
Bright lighting in the exam room
Speaking lower and closer
Assistance in stepping down from the table
Allowing time for the patient to rest between positions
What is one of the leading causes of death among the elderly?
Bronchitis
Pancreatitis
Pneumonia
Emphysema
When imaging upper and lower limbs on geriatric patients, keep in mind that
Many projections can be combined to decrease time and discomfort
Mobility and flexibility is often decreased
Long bones shrink as age increases
Scatter radiation is greater in those with osteoporosis
Which of the following is not a possible cause of excessive sweating or slurred speech?
Head injury
Drug or ethanol influence
Airway compromise
Stroke
What is a possible noted symptom for a spinal cord injury?
Pale or bluish skin pallor
Tingling or numbness in the limb
Increased abdominal distension
Increased drowsiness (lethargy
When imaging a patient with pathologic changes like internal bleeding in the abdominal cavity, what exposure changes should occur?
Use normal exposure time, no change in mAs
Use a long exposure time, decrease mAs
Use a long exposure time, increase mAs
Use a short exposure time, increase mAs
When imaging conscious patients that are in extreme pain, what type of changes to exposure should occur?
Use a normal exposure time
Use a long exposure time
Use a short exposure time
While positioning the patient, to minimize risk of aggravating the patient condition, the ________ should be positioned rather than the _________.
Part, Gurney
IR, Part
Part, X-ray tube
Gurney, Part
When centering side to side for an oblique position (kidney study) the CR must be recentered __________ to the upside on thick patients than on average patients.
More
Less
No difference with size of patient
For SMV or Axial Patella images, what is the cause of a side to side shift of anatomy in an image?
Rotation
Hyper extension
Hyper flexion
Tilt
The amount of shift of organs is a direct function of the _________ of the anatomy from the exact __________ of the body – structures __________ to the _________ will shift less.
Length, Distance, Closer, Midline
Midline, Distance, Further, Midline
Distance, Midline, Closer, Midline
Distance, Midline, Further, Midline
When a patient is lying supine and the tech rotates that patient to the right, their kidneys will shift in what direction?
No movement
Shift to the right
Shift upward
Shift left
What type of trauma is explained as pressure shock waves, high-velocity projectiles, or burns from projectiles?
Blunt Force
Penetrating Force
Explosive Force
Heat
What type of trauma center is located in a large metropolitan area and serves as both primary care and tertiary care institution. This facility can provide total care for all injuries?
Trauma Level 1
Trauma Level 2
Trauma Level 3
Trauma Level 4
Which period in the Tri-Modal Distribution causes death resulting from intracranial hemorrhage?
First Critical Period
Second Critical Period
Third Critical Period
Fourth Critical Period
What type of skull fracture is best demonstrated with the x-ray beam tangentially to the fracture?
Linear
Depressed
Basilar
Diastatic
For the Lateral projection of the Cranium Dorsal decubitus position, please explain how the central ray enters the skull.
Perpendicular, entering 1 inch superior to the EAM
Perpendicular, entering 1 inch inferior to the EAM
Perpendicular, entering 2 inches inferior to the EAM
Perpendicular, entering 2 inches superior to the EAM
For the Trauma Lateral projection of the Cranium Dorsal decubitus position, please explain how the MSP and Interpupillary line should be positioned with the IR.
MSP horizontal, IP Perpendicular
MSP vertical, IP Perpendicular
MSP Perpendicular, IP Perpendicular
MSP Perpendicular, IP vertical
What projection is the Cranium Reverse Caldwell Method?
AP
PA
AP Axial
PA Axial
For the Cranium Towne Method, what is the angle for the OML in regard to the IR?
15-degrees
30-degrees
37-degrees
Perpendicular
For every 5-degree angle on the tube, how many inches should the technologist consider recentering?
¼ inch
1/2 inch
1 inch
2 inches
If a Calvaria fracture crosses an artery, what may occur?
Meningitis
Encephalitis
Epidural Hematoma
Arterial Cauterization
When talking about an AP Projection of the skull, how does a technologist position the skull?
MSP Perpendicular, OML 15-degrees cephalic
MSP Perpendicular, OML 25-degrees cephalic
MSP Perpendicular, OML 15-degrees caudal
MSP Perpendicular, OML Perpendicular
What projection is the Facial Bones Reverse Waters?
Acanthioparietal
Tangential
PA Axial
Parietoacanthial
What position is the patient for the Facial Bones Reverse Waters?
Prone
Supine
Oblique
Axial
Which body parts can be imaged on pediatric patients using the Pigg-o-Stat immobilizer?
Head and neck
Chest and abdomen
Chest only
Upper and lower limb
Respecting the need for privacy is an important patient care consideration for
Toddlers
Preschoolers
School-agers
Adolescents
All of the following are commonly assessed using hip radiographic images in pediatric patient except:
Legg-Calvé Perthes disease
Traumatic sports injury
Developmental dysplasia of the hip
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
What is the most common location for an aspirated foreign body?
Stomach
Esophagus
Right side of the bronchial tree
Left side of the bronchial tree
Which sinuses are usually aerated at birth?
Maxillary only
Maxillary and frontal only
Maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid
All paranasal sinuses are aerated at birth, if normal
Idiopathic scoliosis is most common in
Male infants
Adolescent females
Male toddlers
Utero, between 3-6 weeks gestation
Common reasons for performing skull radiography on a pediatric patient are:
Craniosynostosis and fracture
Sinusitis and fracture
Craniosynostosis and meningomelocele
Meningomyelocele and sinusitis
Which of the following is used to evaluate adequate inspiration on a pediatric chest image?
Superimposition of anterior and posterior midline structures
Visualization of eight to nine posterior ribs
Visualization of the intervertebral disk spaces through the heart
Anatomy from the trachea to the costophrenic angles is seen
How is rotation evaluated on a pediatric chest image?
Superimposition of anterior and posterior midline structures
Visualization of eight to nine posterior ribs
Visualization of intervertebral disk spaces through the heart
Anatomy from the trachea to the costaphrenic angles is seen
When performing limb radiography on a pediatric patient, what may not be required to evaluate for fracture?
Images showing the relative position of the two ends of the bone
The contralateral side
Use of large focal spot
Soft tissue
For the lateral lumbar spine view, what is recommended by Merrills to move the spine parallel?
Bend knees to a 45-degree angle
Bring arms up to shoulder level in front of the patient
Place a sponge under the waist
Place sponge under the arms
Why do we shoot a Norgaard view?
Rule out fracture
Arthritis
Trauma
Pain in joints
Learning about the use of beam divergence what is the recommended degree of angulation for an AP Chest x-ray from our lesson?
None
2-3-degrees
3-5-degrees
5-7-degrees
When observing a lateral routine lumbar exam, the L5-S1 Joint is Open, what is the degree and direction of angle according to our divergence measurements?
Perpendicular, no angle
5-degrees caudal
7-degrees caudal
7-degrees cephalic
Using the Inverse Square Law, what happens to our mAs if we decrease our SID from 40” to 30”?
Double mAs
Reduce mAs in Half
Reduce mAs by one-quarter
Increase mAs by one-quarter
What is the most frequent type of spinal injury involving a vertebral body?
Compression Fx
Hangmans Fx
Jefferson Fx
Spondylolysis
What is the most common site of a compression fracture?
L5-S1
T11-T12
T12-L1
L4-L5
What is the degree and direction of the CR angulation for the AP Axial Cervical Spine projection?
3-5-degrees, cephalad
5-7-degrees, cephalad
10-15-degrees, cephalad
15-20-degrees, cephalad
For a trauma Lateral projection Thoracic Spine view, where does the top of the IR get placed?
1” above the elevated shoulders
1” above the relaxed shoulders
2” above the elevated shoulders
2” above the relaxed shoulders
