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Enviro Change & Manage Ch2.1-2.10

Total questions: 61

Worksheet time: 1hrs 2mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The proportion of Earth's surface that today is considered 'wild' is:

a)

3%

b)

10%

c)

25%

d)

33%

2.

The number of animal and plant species that become extinct each year due to human activity is in the order of:

a)

Hundreds

b)

Thousands

c)

Tens of Thousands

d)

Hundreds of Thousands

3.

The three main categories of environmental change are:

a)

Changes to air, land and sea

b)

Human induced change, natural change, hybrid change

c)

Long term, medium term and short term change

d)

Reversible change, irreversible change, transient change

4.

The biome that has been altered most drastically by human population growth over the past two centruies has been:

a)

Ocean

b)

Mountain

c)

Forest

d)

Plains

5.

The percentage of the world's original forest cover that remains intact today is closest to:

a)

3%

b)

10%

c)

25%

d)

33%

6.

Salinity due to overuse of land for agriculture mainly affects:

a)

Vegetation Cover

b)

Soil fertility

c)

Precipitation

d)

Infiltration of water

7.

Which types gas has damaged the capacity of the atmosphere to regulate the Earth's temperature?

a)

CFCs

b)

Ozone

c)

Greenhouse Gases

d)

Oxygen

8.

The purpose of the Ozone Layer is to:

a)

Shield the Earth's surface from ultraviolet radiation

b)

Trap heat from solar radiation to keep the Earth's surface warm

c)

Reflect solar energy

d)

Form rainclouds

9.

Globally, what percentage of accessible fresh water (from rivers, lakes & aquifers) is used for agriculture?

a)

3%

b)

30%

c)

70%

d)

97%

10.

What has caused these trees in Wales to die?

a)

Overuse of underground water supplies

b)

Salinity

c)

Nuclear contamination from powerplants

d)

Acid rain from nearby steel manufacturing plants

11.

Sandstorms, such as the one shown from Sudan, are the result of:

a)

Changing wind patterns due to global warming

b)

The clearing of too much natural vegetation to create farmland

c)

The overuse of underground water sources (aquifers)

d)

The destruction of the Ozone Layer

12.

Land degradation affects approximately what percentage of the world's total land area?

a)

5%

b)

10%

c)

25%

d)

50%

13.

What percentage of the world's farmland is affected by land degradation?

a)

12%

b)

28%

c)

38%

d)

63%

14.

The number of humans directly affected by land degradation is around:

a)

110 million

b)

780 million

c)

1.23 billion

d)

1.50 billion

15.

How does land degradation contribute to climate change?

a)

It does not - it is caused by climate change.

b)

Degraded land holds less carbon

c)

Degraded land reflects more solar energy back into the atmosphere

d)

Degraded land releases more dust in to the air

16.

Land degradation is defined as a loss of

a)

Soil fertility

b)

Soil moisture

c)

Soil Vegetation

d)

Soil pH balance

17.

The most significant cause of land degradation in Australia is due to:

a)

'Slash and burn' farming practices

b)

Water erosion doe to high rainfall

c)

Salinity due to overclearing of vegetation

d)

Overuse of chemical fertilizers for farming

18.

Soil erosion is normally caused by

a)

Rivers & Rain

b)

Glaciers & Wind

c)

The movement of water and air (driven by solar energy)

d)

All other answers are correct

19.

The loss of topsoil over a large area is known as :

a)

Strip mining

b)

Soil Planing

c)

Gully Erosion

d)

Sheet Erosion

20.

Gully erosion is mainly caused by:

a)

Water

b)

Wind

c)

Ice

d)

Salt

21.

Ecosystem decline, when combined with decline in soil quality, leads to:

a)

Desertification

b)

Ecosystem collapse

c)

Salinity

d)

Erosion

22.

Gully erosion affects which area of Australia?

a)

All over

b)

North

c)

South West

d)

South East

23.

Which of the following gases is NOT linked to chnages in the temperature of the atmosphere?

a)

Carbon Dioxide

b)

Nitrogen

c)

Sulphur Dioxide

d)

Oxygen

24.

Approximately how many people die each year due to air pollution?

a)

3.5 million

b)

4.3 million

c)

7.8 million

d)

1.8 million

25.

The main source of indoor air pollution is:

a)

Smoking

b)

Decomposition of wooden buildings

c)

Burning of fuel for cooking and heating

d)

Air flowing in from outdoors

26.

Which of these is not listed as a main source of outdoor air pollution in your textbook?

a)

Powr plant emissions

b)

Smoking

c)

Fires

d)

Traffic Exhaust

27.

Air pollution across the developed world is

a)

Increasing

b)

Remaining Constant

c)

Declining

28.

Which regions are experiencing a decline in air quality due to pollution?

a)

All countries

b)

Developing World

c)

Developed World

d)

OECD nations

29.

Currently the cheapest and most reliable source of energy is:

a)

Nuclear

b)

Solar

c)

Fossil Fuel

d)

Hydro

30.

Air pollution is fundamentally being caused by (underlying cause):

a)

Generation of electricity

b)

Industrialisation of Developed Countries

c)

Population Growth

d)

Climate Change

31.

What percentage of cities in the developing world have dangerous rates of air pollution?

a)

100%

b)

98%

c)

76%

d)

1%

32.

Half the world's most polluted (air) cities are located in:

a)

China

b)

USA

c)

Europe

d)

India

33.

Approximately how many Indians die prematurely each yeardue to the effects of air pollution?

a)

500,000

b)

3,500,000

c)

4,300,000

d)

7,800,000

34.

The main source of electricity generation in India is:

a)

Oil

b)

Coal

c)

Nuclear

d)

Solar

35.

Australia exports approximately how much coal to India each year?

a)

47 million tonnes

b)

138 million tonnes

c)

560 million tonnes

d)

2,430,000 million tonnes

36.

Currently, the Ozone layer is:

a)

Declining rapidly

b)

Declining slowly

c)

In a stale state

d)

Recovering

37.

The area of the Earth where Ozone loss is most concerning is located:

a)

Around the equator

b)

At the polar caps

c)

Above Antarctica

d)

At around 30 degrees north and south of the equator

38.

In 1987 an international agreement banned the use of which gas?

a)

Chemicals used in aerosols and refrigirators

b)

Greenhouse Gases

c)

Sulphur Dioxide

d)

Ozone

39.

Ozone levels in the atmosphere are expected to return to 1980 levels by the year:

a)

2020

b)

2030

c)

2050

d)

2080

40.

Inland water sources are critical to humans beacuse:

a)

They have been degraded more than other environments

b)

They are our main source of fresh, clean water

c)

They make up a majority of water resources

d)

They are very fragile ecosystems

41.

What percentage of fresh water extracted from aquifers, rivers and lakes in Australia is used for farming?

a)

3%

b)

10%

c)

30%

d)

70%

42.

What proportion of the world's largest rivers have been altered by damming?

a)

1/4

b)

1/3

c)

1/2

d)

2/3

43.

Which of these is NOT a reason dams are damaging river environments?

a)

Dams disrupt the natural flow of the river, flooding some areas that should not be flooded and preventing flooding in some areas that should be flooded.

b)

Damming disrupts ecosystem services such as the provision of fresh water, fertile soil and food production.

c)

Dams disrupt the natural interaction between river and the sea by reducing the amount of nutrients, sediment and water that flows through to the sea.

d)

Dams introduce toxins and pathogens into the water.

44.

Examples of pollutants that enter rivers due to farming activities include:

a)

Sediments

b)

Sediments and Pathogens

c)

Sedminates and Nutrients

d)

Sediments, nutrients, pathogens and toxic chemicals

45.

Lake Chad is a textbook example of which type of environmental degradation?

a)

Climate change and population growthcombining and leading to the lake drying out

b)

Industrial pollution causing toxic heavy metal levels

c)

Nutrient pollution from surrounding farms leading to algal blooms

d)

Sediment buildup causing death of underwater vegetation

46.

Which human modification of river systems is used to create a water reservoir for hydroelectric power, irrigation and otehr human uses of water?

a)

Barrage

b)

Aquifer

c)

Lake

d)

Dam

47.

The number of large dams currently in the world is:

a)

Under 100

b)

Around 1000

c)

Over 50,000

d)

Around 2 million

48.

The country that has the largest number of 'large dams' (around half the world's total) is:

a)

Japan

b)

USA

c)

China

d)

Germany

49.

The largest dam in the world, measured by capacity to geenrate hydroelectric power, is:

a)

China's Three Gorges Dam

b)

Brazil's Itaipu Dam

c)

The USA's Hoover Dam

d)

Egypt's Aswan Dam

50.

Which of these statements best describes the negative environmental impact of dams?

a)

There is no significant environmental impact of dams.

b)

Dams have a signficant environmental impact downstream.

c)

Dams have a signficant environmental impact upstream.

d)

Dams have a signficant environmental impact downstream, both upstream and downstream.

51.

Which of these is a downstream environmental impact of dams? (felt downstream of the dam)

a)

Heavy erosion of river banks

b)

Sediment buildup

c)

Rotting vegetation releasing greenhouse gas

d)

Chemical contamination

52.

Approximately what number of people lack access to safe drinking water globally?

a)

None

b)

Less than one million

c)

Around 55 million

d)

Around 1 billion

53.

'Gross Pollutants', such as litter, cigarette butts and packaging, are classified as:

a)

Point Source Chemical

b)

Sediment

c)

Physical

d)

Pathogenic

54.

Which type of pollutatnt is regarded as a 'double threat' due to its ability to carry other pollutants along with it?

a)

Sediment

b)

Chemical

c)

Pathogen

d)

Nutrient

55.

Salt is a major contaminant in the Swan River. This is considered a:

a)

Point source chemical pollutant

b)

Point source nutrient pollutant

c)

Non-point source chemical pollutant

d)

Non-point source pathogen pollutant

56.

Which of the following is most associated with pathogen (biological) pollutants?

a)

Chemical fertiliser containing nitrogen and phosphorous

b)

Grass Clippings

c)

Human and Animal Waste

d)

Heavy Metals such as cadmium and lead

57.

The 'four S's' that describe the functions the natural environment plays are:

a)

Service, Spiritual, Sink, Scrub

b)

Spiritural, Sink, Scale, Sustainability

c)

Sustainability, Service, Source, Sustainance

d)

Service, Sink, Source, Spiritual

58.

What number of people across the world eat fish daily?

a)

1 billion

b)

2 billion

c)

3 billion

d)

4 billion

59.

The Atlantic Cod is an example of a food resource that is:

a)

Being managed in a sustainable manner

b)

Not being fully exploited by humans

c)

Now extinct due to over fishing

d)

Being fished at unsustainable levels

60.

In terms of biodiversity, the impact of humans is best summarised as:

a)

Negligable (little to no impact)

b)

Minimal (some minor impact)

c)

Significant

61.

The most significant underlying cause of loss of biodiversity is:

a)

Human impact on the environment

b)

Climate Change

c)

The spread of invasive species

d)

Pollution of land, sea and water