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Biology DNA and Mutations Review 2025

Total questions: 47

Worksheet time: 24mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

In a strand of DNA, adenine always pairs with which of the following other bases?

a)

adenine

b)

cytosine

c)

guanine

d)

thymine

e)

uracil

2.

The scientists responsible for discovering the double helix shape of DNA are

a)

Francis Crick

b)

Rosalind Franklin

c)

James Watson

d)

Maurice Wilkins

3.

The scientists responsible for discovering the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA are

a)

Francis Crick

b)

Rosalind Franklin

c)

James Watson

d)

Maurice Wilkins

4.

Which of the following is NOT a major difference between DNA and RNA?

a)

DNA is double stranded

b)

RNA cannot leave the nucleus and DNA can

c)

DNA contains thymine instead of uracil

d)

RNA is single stranded

5.

The central dogma states that information flows from

a)

DNA to RNA to DNA

b)

DNA to polysaccharides to DNA

c)

RNA to DNA to polysaccharides

d)

DNA to RNA to proteins

6.

Any change to the original sequence of DNA nucleotides is known as

a)

transcription

b)

mutation

c)

translation

d)

replication

7.

Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of

a)

monosaccharides

b)

nucleotides

c)

fatty acids

d)

amino acids

8.

Which of the following is not part of a molecule of DNA?

a)

nitrogen base

b)

ribose

c)

phosphate

d)

deoxyribose

9.

A nucleotide consists of

a)

a sugar, a protein, and adenine

b)

a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base

c)

a starch, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base

d)

a sugar, an amino acid, and starch

10.

Watson and Crick built models that demonstrated that

a)

DNA is made of two strands that twist into a double helix

b)

DNA and RNA have the same structure

c)

guanine forms hydrogen bonds with adenine

d)

thymine forms hydrogen bonds with cytosine

11.

During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made for each original strand. If a portion of the original strand is CCTAGCT, then the new strand will be

a)

TTGCATG

b)

CCTAGCT

c)

AAGTATC

d)

GGATCGA

12.

During translation, what does RNA code for?

a)

amino acids

b)

DNA

c)

nucleotides

d)

rRNA

13.

RNA differs from DNA in that RNA

a)

contains the nitrogen base thymine.

b)

contains the nitrogen base uracil.

c)

contains the sugar deoxyribose.

d)

contains the sugar ribose.

14.

RNA differs from DNA in that RNA

a)

is single stranded.

b)

is double stranded.

c)

can leave the nucleus.

d)

cannot leave the nucleus.

15.

Which of the following is not found in DNA?

a)

adenine

b)

cytosine

c)

guanine

d)

thymine

e)

uracil

16.

Which of the following is not found in RNA?

a)

adenine

b)

cytosine

c)

guanine

d)

thymine

e)

uracil

17.

In RNA, adenine is complementary to

a)

adenine

b)

cytosine

c)

guanine

d)

thymine

e)

uracil

18.

Which of the following are true of transcription?

a)

occurs in the nucleus

b)

RNA is produced then moves into cytoplasm

c)

DNA makes RNA

d)

DNA makes DNA

19.

Which of the following are types of RNA?

a)

transfer RNA

b)

carrier RNA

c)

messenger RNA

d)

ribosomal RNA

20.

Each nucleotide triple (sequence of 3) in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n)

a)

codon

b)

mutagen

c)

exon

d)

anticodon

21.

Which of the following are part of the Central Dogma Theory?

a)

proteins make DNA

b)

amino acids join to form proteins

c)

RNA makes proteins

d)

DNA makes RNA

22.

If a segment of DNA contains 20% guanine, what percentage of the DNA is adenine?

a)

20%

b)

40%

c)

60%

d)

30%

23.

Contains deoxyribose

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

both

24.

Produced by replication

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

both

25.

Contains a phosphate group and a type of sugar

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

both

26.

Bases are A, U, C, G

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

both

27.

Produced by transcription

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

both

28.

Semiconservative replication process

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

both

29.

Double stranded molecule

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

both

30.

Bases are: A, T, C, G

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

both

31.

Necessary for translation to occur

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

both

32.

Contains the sugar ribose

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

both

33.

Single stranded molecule

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

both

34.

mRNA: CUC AAG UGC UUC

What is the amino acid sequence for the mRNA sequence?

a)

Pro-Glu-Leu-Val

b)

Leu-Asp-Pro-His

c)

Leu-Lys-Cys-Phe

d)

Ser-Tyr-Arg-Gly

35.

mRNA: CUC AAG UGC UUC

What is the DNA sequence this strand came from?

a)

CUC AAG UGC UUC

b)

CTC AAG TGC TTC

c)

GAG TTC ACG AAG

d)

GAG UUC ACG AAG

36.

What shape on the diagram represents phosphates?

a)

the pentagons

b)

the darkened circles

c)

the shapes with diagonal lines

d)

the shapes that are lightly shaded

37.

What shape on the diagram represents sugars?

a)

the pentagons

b)

the darkened circles

c)

the shapes with diagonal lines

d)

the shapes that are lightly shaded

38.

Where are hydrogen bonds found in a DNA molecule?

a)

between the sugar and the base

b)

between the bases only

c)

between the sugar and phosphate

d)

between the phosphate and base

39.

Which bases go in the missing portion of the DNA molecule, from top to bottom?

a)

UACG

b)

TACG

c)

ATGC

d)

AUGC

40.

If an error in nucleotides occurs during replication, which of the following should correct it?

a)

helicase

b)

ligase

c)

DNA polymerase

d)

primase

41.

Mutations may result in the production of the wrong

a)

nucleic acid

b)

protein

c)

lipid

d)

carbohydrate

42.

Mutations that affect a single gene usually occur during

a)

replication

b)

transcription

c)

translation

43.

Mutations that can be passed onto offspring usually occur in

a)

brain cells

b)

blood cells

c)

somatic cells

d)

gametes

44.

If a mutation shows no effect in the amino acid sequence it is called

a)

nonsense

b)

missense

c)

silent

d)

point

45.

All of the following are types of chromosomal mutations except

a)

inversion

b)

translocation

c)

point

d)

duplication

e)

deletion

46.

What type of mutation is represented in the diagram above?

a)

frameshift insertion

b)

point mutation insertion

c)

point mutation deletion

d)

frameshift deletion

e)

point mutation substitution

47.

This sickle cell mutation occurred during what process?

a)

transcription

b)

translation

c)

replication

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