Pyrimidine dimers are removed using:

Pyrimidine dimers only occur:

Soaps and detergents are examples of:

At the same temperature and time which treatment would be more effective?

When subjected to heat or antimicrobial chemicals most bacteria usually:

All of the following are food preservatives, except:

The pasteurization technique used for immediate cold-storage products (AKA milk, yogurt, ice cream…) is termed _________________________.

Which of the following is most resistant to microbial control methods?

The most common physical method of microbial control is:

The most effective concentration of alcohol to control bacterial growth is:

The Thermal Death Point is:

All bacteria have 2 thermal death points.

Which of the following bacteria have 2 thermal death points?

Using a highly concentrated bacteriostatic can cause bacterial death.

The sticky carbohydrate-based component of a biofilm that allows bacteria to resist the actions of disinfectants is termed the _______________________.

The term that means free from microbes is:

Filtration is used to:

Dimers are produced by:

Bacteria are more sensitive to acidic environments than fungi.

Which of the following would be expected to influence the effectiveness of an antimicrobial treatment?

Nonionizing radiation at a wavelength of _______nm damages DNA by creating ___________.

Which disinfectant was the LEAST effective against Staphylococcus?

____________________ organisms are those that survive pasteurization processes.

Boiling at ___________ kills most endospores of bacterial pathogens, many viruses, and fungi within 10 mins.

Antimicrobial agents are generally made more effective by:

Heavy metals (Ag, Hg, Cu, Zn) and their compounds work by ________________.

Salts and sugars can be used to preserve foods because they cause:

O-phenylphenol, hexachlorphene, and triclosan are all examples of:

Which of the following methods would be most likely to kill endospores?

Alcohol evaporates quickly. This is called:

Nosocomial infections are those acquired from:

Ana is at a restaurant and finds dried food on her fork. What method of disinfection should have been completed?

Before injecting a patient, you should __________ the skin.

Eric is adding a fungicide to his pool. His goal is to ______ fungus.

In most cases, once a bacteriostatic agent is removed, growth will resume.

Alcohol is a bacteriostatic agent.

Alcohol is both a disinfectant and an antiseptic.

In order to effectively kill endospores, virus particles, and fungi, autoclaves must:

Michelle wants to clean a dirty toilet. She should probably use a:

Before surgery, Gary needs to complete a skin-prep with Betadine. This is a form of:

Which of the following does NOT achieve sterilization?

Which of the following results in lethal damage to nucleic acids?

Gram positive organisms are more resistant to control agents than Gram negative.

Soap can be used as a surface active agent because it:

What is the only way to be sure that all microbes have been destroyed?

In the ____________________ method, filter paper disks are soaked in a chemical and placed on a culture to evaluate the efficacy of chemical agents.

The symbol indicates that ___________ has been used to reduce microbes.

When bacterial populations are heated, they usually die at a constant rate of 90% per minute. If 1,000,000 microbes are heated for 2 minutes, how many remain?

Refrigeration and incubation are both:

Low temperatures are:

Best treatment for swimming pool bacteria?

Oldest known antiseptic (ex: betadine)

Used to prevent mold growth in cosmetics:

All-purpose cleaner found in Lysol:

Prevents the souring of wine:

Erica is scrubbing-up before surgery. She should use:

KiddieAcademy is planning on sanitizing the playroom. Which is the best disinfectant?

Used to fumigate large buildings:

Used for embalming: