WorksheetsAP Bio Unit 8 test (chapters 22-24 & 26)
Total questions: 31
Worksheet time: 16mins
Prior to the time of Charles Darwin the belief was...
Earth was millions of years old
Earth was 6,000 years old
populations were unchanging
populations rapidly change
Structures as different as human arms, bat wings, and dolphin flippers contain many of the same bones, these bones having developed from the same embryonic tissues. How do biologists interpret these similarities?
by the principle of convergent evolution
by identifying the bones as being homologous
by proposing that humans, bats, and dolphins share a common ancestor
by the principle of divergent evolution
What is natural selection based on?
variation exists within populations.
the fittest individuals tend to leave the most offspring.
individuals must adapt to their environment.
there is differential reproductive success within populations.
If two modern organisms are distantly related in an evolutionary sense, then one should expect that
they live in very different habitats.
they should share fewer homologous structures than two more closely related organisms.
their chromosomes should be very similar.
they shared a common ancestor relatively recently.
they should be members of the same genus.
During a study session about evolution, one of your fellow students remarks, "The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; its offspring inherited longer necks as a result." Which statement would you use to correct this student's misconception?
Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes.
Spontaneous mutations can result in the appearance of new traits.
Only favorable adaptations have survival value.
Disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual disappearance.
Overproduction of offspring leads to a struggle for survival.
Several scientist came up with the theory of evolution. What makes Charles Darwin different?
Charles Darwin was the first to propose a mechanism for how evolution occurs.
Charles Darwin was the first to propose that the Earth is older than 6,000 years.
Charles Darwin was the first to propose a mechanism for evolution that was supported by evidence.
Charles Darwin was the first to propose that evolution occurs.
the more closely related two different organisms are, the
more similar their habitats are.
more recently they shared a common ancestor.
less likely they are to be related to fossil forms.
less similar their DNA sequences are.
Which statement about natural selection is most correct?
Adaptations beneficial in one habitat should generally be beneficial in all other habitats as well.
Different species that together occupy the same habitat will adapt to that habitat by undergoing the same genetic changes.
Adaptations beneficial at one time should generally be beneficial during all other times as well.
Well-adapted individuals leave more offspring, and thus contribute more to the gene pool, than poorly adapted individuals.
Which of the following must exist in a population before natural selection can act upon that population?
genetic variation among individuals
variation among individuals caused by environmental factors
sexual reproduction
asexual reproduction
How can natural selection account for the loss of traits? For example the loss of legs in whales
Natural selection cannot account for losses, only for innovations.
It can account for losses by Lamarck's principle of use and disuse.
Under circumstances that persisted for long periods, the trait may have presented greater cost than benefit.
harmful mutations caused the loss of these structures.
Which of the following pieces of evidence most strongly supports the common origin of all life on Earth?
All organisms show heritable variation.
All organisms reproduce.
All organisms use essentially the same genetic code.
All organisms require energy.
Members of two different species possess a similar-looking structure that they use in a similar fashion to perform the same function. Which information would shed the most light on whether these structures are homologous or whether they are, instead, the result of convergent evolution?
The two species live at great distance from each other.
The sizes of the structures in adult members of both species are similar in size.
Both species are well adapted to their particular environments.
The two species share many proteins in common, and the nucleotide sequences that code for these proteins are almost identical.
In any given population q2 represents
the frequency homozygous dominant individuals
the the frequency homozygous recessive individuals
the frequency heterozygous individuals
the frequency of the recessive allele
What conclusion can be drawn if the frequency of the recessive trait (aa) does not change over time?
The population is undergoing genetic drift.
The phenotype is adapted to the environmental conditions.
The genotype AA is lethal.
There has been a high rate of mutation of allele A to allele a.
In a hypothetical population of 2,000 people, tests of blood-type genes show that 320 have the genotype AA, 960 have the genotype AB, and 720 have the genotype BB. Since neither allele is recessive how can the frequency of A and B be determined?
Find q2 then find the frequency of q. Deduct the value of q from 1 to determine the frequency of P. Use the values of q and p to determine the frequency of all the phenotypes
Find p2 then find the frequency of p. Deduct the value of p from 1 to determine the frequency of q. Use the values of p and q to determine the frequency of all the phenotypes
count the number of A alleles and divide by 2000 then count the number of B alleles and divide by 2000
count the number of A alleles and divide by 4000 then count the number of B alleles and divide by 4000
Which of the following is not a requirement for maintenance of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
an increasing mutation rate
random mating
large population size
no migration
no natural selection
If the frequency of a particular allele that is present in a small, isolated population changes due to a catastrophe what has occurred?
a bottleneck
genetic drift
micro evolution
founder effect
What is meant by an individual organism having a greater fitness than another individual?
it lives longer than others of its species.
it competes for resources more successfully than others of its species.
it mates more frequently than others of its species.
it utilizes resources more efficiently than other species occupying similar niches.
it leaves more viable offspring than others of its species.
Which is the best example of directional selection
a species exists in two strikingly different color patterns
Brightly colored birds mate more frequently than do drab birds.
gradual increase in size over geologic time
the average birth weight for small dog breeds is between 75 to 350 grams
Which is the best example of stabilizing selection?
a species exists in two strikingly different colors
gradual increase in the size of a species over geologic time
brightly colored birds mate more frequently than do drab birds
the average birth weight for small dog breeds is between 75 to 350 grams
Which is the best example of disruptive selection?
a species exists in two strikingly different colors
gradual increase in the size of a species over geologic time
brightly colored birds mate more frequently than do drab birds
the average birth weight for small dog breeds is between 75 to 350 grams
Which is the best example of sexual selection?
a species exists in two strikingly different colors
gradual increase in the size of a species over geologic time
brightly colored birds mate more frequently than do drab birds
the average birth weight for small dog breeds is between 75 to 350 grams
Which is the best example of a mechanical reproductive isolation mechanism?
two rose species with different floral anatomy
two salamander species that breed in different seasons
two finch species with different mating songs
two garter snake species live in the same region, but one lives in water and the other lives on land
Which is the best example of a temporal reproductive isolation mechanism?
two rose species with different floral anatomy
two salamander species that breed in different seasons
two finch species with different mating songs
two garter snake species live in the same region, but one lives in water and the other lives on land
Which is the best example of a behavioral reproductive isolation mechanism?
two rose species with different floral anatomy
two salamander species that breed in different seasons
two finch species with different mating songs
two garter snake species live in the same region, but one lives in water and the other lives on land
Which is the best example of a habitat reproductive isolation mechanism?
two rose species with different floral anatomy
two salamander species that breed in different seasons
two finch species with different mating songs
two garter snake species live in the same region, but one lives in water and the other lives on land
Which example below will most likely guarantee that two closely related species will remain distinct biological species?
colonization of new habitats
convergent evolution
hybridization
geographic isolation from one another
reproductive isolation from one another
A defining characteristic of allopatric speciation is
the appearance of new species in the midst of old ones.
asexually reproducing populations.
geographic isolation.
artificial selection.
A common ancestor for both species B and D could be at position number
1
2
3
4
5
Which of the following depicts a monophyletic taxon?
Phylogenetic hypotheses (such as those represented by phylogenetic trees) are strongest when
they are based on amino acid sequences from homologous proteins, as long as the genes that code for such proteins contain no introns.
each clade is defined by a single derived character.
they are supported by more than one kind of evidence (such as when fossil evidence corroborates molecular evidence).
they are accepted by the foremost authorities in the field.
