WorksheetsAP Biology Review: Cell Structure, Communication, and Division
Total questions: 35
Worksheet time: 19mins
Celery stalks that are immersed in fresh water for several hours become stiff and hard. From this we can deduce that the cells of the celery stalks are:
hypotonic to the freshwater
hypertonic to the freshwater
isotonic to the fresh water
Mammalian blood contains the equivalent of 0.15 M NaCl. Seawater contains the equivalent of 0.45 M NaCl. What will happen if red blood cells are transferred to seawater?
Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrivel and collapse.
NaCl will be exported from the red blood cells by facilitated diffusion.
The blood cells will take up water, swell, and eventually burst
The blood cells will expend ATP for active transport of NaCl into the cytoplasm
The solutions in the arms of a U-tube are separated at the bottom of the tube by a selectively permeable membrane. The membrane is permeable to sodium chloride and water but not to glucose. Side A is filled with a solution of 0.4 M glucose and 0.5 M sodium chloride (NaCl), and side B is filled with a solution containing 0.8 M glucose and 0.4 M sodium chloride. Initially, the volume in both arms is the same.
At the beginning of the experiment,
side A is hypertonic to side B
side A is hypotonic to side B
side A is isotonic to side B
side A is hypertonic to side B with respect to glucose
side A is hypotonic to side B with respect to sodium chloride
The solutions in the arms of a U-tube are separated at the bottom of the tube by a selectively permeable membrane. The membrane is permeable to sodium chloride and water but not to glucose. Side A is filled with a solution of 0.4 M glucose and 0.5 M sodium chloride (NaCl), and side B is filled with a solution containing 0.8 M glucose and 0.4 M sodium chloride. Initially, the volume in both arms is the same.
If you examine side A after three days, you should find
a decrease in the concentration of NaCl and glucose and an increase in the water level
a decrease in the concentration of NaCl, an increase in water level, and no change in the concentration of glucose
no net change in the system
a decrease in the concentration of NaCl and a decrease in the water level
no change in the concentration of NaCl and glucose and an increase in the water level
A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water–equal to the volume of blood lost–is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion?
It will have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free of viruses and bacteria
The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid has become hypotonic compared to the cells
The patient's red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid has become hypotonic compared to the cells
The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid has become hypertonic compared to the cells
The patient's red blood cells will burst because the blood fluid has become hypertonic compared to the cells
Based on the figure to the right, which of these experimental treatments would increase the rate of sucrose transport into the cell?
decreasing extracellular sucrose concentration
decreasing extracellular pH
decreasing cytoplasmic pH
adding an inhibitor that blocks the regeneration of ATP
adding a substance that makes the membrane more permeable to hydrogen ions
Five dialysis bags, constructed from a semi-permeable membrane that is impermeable to sucrose, were filled with various concentrations of sucrose and then placed in separate beakers containing an initial concentration of 0.6 M sucrose solution. At 10-minute intervals, the bags were massed (weighed) and the percent change in mass of each bag was graphed.
Which line represents the bag that contained a solution isotonic to the 0.6 molar solution at the beginning of the experiment?
A
B
C
D
E
Cells of the pancreas will incorporate radioactively labeled amino acids into proteins. This "tagging" of newly synthesized proteins enables a researcher to track their location. In this case, we are tracking an enzyme secreted by pancreatic cells. What is its most likely pathway through the cell? (Keep in mind that the pancreas secretes hormones and proteins)
ER → Golgi → nucleus
Golgi → ER → lysosome
nucleus → ER → Golgi
ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
ER → lysosomes → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
Which of the following is one of the ways that the membranes of winter wheat are able to remain fluid when it is extremely cold?
by increasing the percentage of unsaturated phospholipids in the membrane
by increasing the percentage of cholesterol molecules in the membrane
by decreasing the number of hydrophobic proteins in the membrane
by co-transport of glucose and hydrogen
by using active transport
Tay–Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large, complex, and undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition?
the endoplasmic reticulum
the Golgi apparatus
the lysosome
mitochondrion
membrane–bound ribosomes
A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be from:
A bacterium
An animal, but not a plant
A plant, but not an animal
A plant or an animal
Any kind of organism
In a plant cell, DNA may be found:
only in the nucleus
only in the nucleus and mitochondria
only in the nucleus and chloroplasts
in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplast
All are part of a prokaryotic cell except
DNA
A cell wall
A plasma membrane
Ribosomes
An endoplasmic reticulum
A gland cell capable of producing large quantities of a protein hormone would have well-developed:
Cilia
Centrioles
Rough ER
Smooth ER
A toxin that destroys adenylyl cyclase, the enzyme responsible for creating cyclic AMP—a second messenger molecule in the cell – is injected into a cell. What will be the final effect on the signaling pathway?
The initial messenger molecule (ex: epinephrine) will be unable to bind to its plasma membrane receptor.
The initial messenger molecule will bind more easily to the plasma membrane receptor.
The transduction step will be inhibited, resulting in a smaller response.
The transduction step will be more efficient, resulting in a larger response
13. If ATP is not present in the cell pictured to the right, what would be the most immediate effect on the receptor tyrosine kinase pathway?
The signal molecules will not be able to bind to the receptor.
The tyrosine molecules will be unable to detach from the receptor
The tyrosine molecules will not be able to “steal” phosphate groups from ATP and use these phosphate groups to activate other proteins
The two parts to the receptor will not be able to come together as a dimer
The pathway pictured shows the effect of insulin, a hormone released in response to high blood glucose, on liver cells. In Type 1 diabetes, cells in the pancreas cannot create and secrete insulin. How will this affect blood glucose levels?
Blood glucose levels will remain high because glucose will not be removed from the blood by the GLUT channels in liver cells
Blood glucose levels will decrease because glucose will be successfully removed from the blood by the GLUT channels in liver cells
Blood glucose levels will remain high because the pancreas will never receive the signal to create insulin
Blood glucose levels will decrease because the receptor will be activated by another hormone.
A receptor protein in a membrane that recognizes a chemical signal is most similar to
the active site of an enzyme in the cytoplasm that binds to a specific substrate
RNA specifying the amino acids in a polypeptide
a particular metabolic pathway operating within a specific organelle
an enzyme with an optimum pH and temperature for activity
genes making up a chromosome
At puberty, an adolescent female body changes in both structure and function of several organ systems, primarily under the influence of changing concentrations of estrogens and other steroid hormones. How can one hormone, such as estrogen, mediate so many effects?
Estrogen is produced in very large concentration and therefore diffuses widely.
Estrogen has specific receptors inside several cell types, but each cell responds in the same way to its binding.
Estrogen is kept away from the surface of any cells not able to bind it at the surface.
Estrogen binds to specific receptors inside many kinds of cells, each of which have different responses to its binding.
Estrogen has different shaped receptors for each of several cell types.
How would you expect the length of interphase to differ in a skin cell (which has to be continuously replaced) vs. a mature nerve cell (which is never replaced)?
Interphase is longer in the skin cell because a long interphase corresponds to a faster cell division
Interphase is shorter in the skin cell because of shorter cell division
Interphase is longer in the skin cell because a long interphase corresponds to a slower rate of cell division.
Interphase is shorter in the skin cell because a short interphase corresponds to a slower rate of cell division
In some organisms such as certain fungi and algae, cells undergo mitosis repeatedly without subsequently undergoing cytokinesis. What would result from this?
A rapid rate of sexual reproduction
A decrease in chromosome number
Division of the organism into many cells, most lacking nuclei
Large cells containing many nuclei
A cell containing 92 chromatids at metaphase of mitosis would, at its completion, produce two nuclei each containing how many chromosomes?
12
16
23
46
92
The karyotype of one species of primate has 48 chromosomes. In a particular female, cell division goes awry and she produces one of her eggs with an extra chromosome. The most probable source of this error would be a mistake in which of the following?
Mitosis in her ovary
Metaphase I of one meiotic event
Anaphase II of one meiotic event
Telophase I of one meiotic event
Either anaphase I or II
Which of the steps below take place in both mitosis and meiosis?
1. Formation of four new nuclei, each with half the chromosomes present in the parental nucleus
2. Alignment of tetrads at the metaphase plate
3. Separation of sister chromatids
4. Separation of the homologues; no uncoupling of the centromere
5. Synapsis; chromosomes moving to the middle of the cell in pairs
2
3
5
2 and 3 only
2, 3, and 5
How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated their DNA and are just about to begin meiosis?
They have twice the amount of cytoplasm
They have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA
They have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.
They have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA.
They have half the amount of cytoplasm and twice the amount of DNA.
Which number represents the point in the cell cycle during which the chromosomes are replicated
I
II
III
IV
V
In multicellular organisms, mitosis is:
The means of tissue growth and repair
A way of generating increasing genetic variation in members of the next generation
the means of sexual reproduction
able to occur in only a few cells of specialized tissues.
Which diagram represents prophase I of meiosis? (not in order)
I
II
IV
V
VI
Natural selection and recombination due to crossing over during meiosis I are related in which of the following ways?
Recombinants are usually selected against
Non-recombinant organisms are usually favored by natural selection if there is environmental change.
Most recombinants reproduce less frequently than do non-recombinants.
Recombinants may have combinations of traits that are favored by natural selection.
Recombination does not affect natural selection
For a chemotherapeutic drug to be useful for treating cancer cells, which of the following is most desirable?
It only attacks cells that are large in size
It only attacks cells that are highly specialized
It interferes with cells entering G0
It interferes with rapidly dividing cells.
The organelle that is the major producer of ATP and is found in both heterotrophs and autotrophs is the
nucleus
ribosome
chloroplast
golgi apparatus
mitochondria
If plant cells are immersed in distilled water, the resulting movement of water into the cells is called
conduction
active transport
transpiration
osmosis
facilitated diffusion
The following question refers to an experiment in which a dialysis-tubing bag is filled with a mixture of 3% starch and 3% glucose and placed in a beaker of distilled water, as shown. After 3 hours, glucose can be detected in the water outside the dialysis-tubing bag, but starch cannot.
From the initial conditions and results described, which of the following is a logical conclusion?
The initial concentration of glucose in the bag is higher than the initial concentration of starch in the bag
The pores of the bag are larger than the glucose molecules but smaller than the starch molecules
The bag is not selectively permeable
A net movement of water into the beaker has occurred
The molarity of the solution in the bag and the molarity of the solution in the surrounding beaker are the same
The following question refers to an experiment in which a dialysis-tubing bag is filled with a mixture of 3% starch and 3% glucose and placed in a beaker of distilled water, as shown. After 3 hours, glucose can be detected in the water outside the dialysis-tubing bag, but starch cannot.
Which of the following best describes the conditions expected after 24 hours?
The bag will contain more water than it did in the original condition
The contents of the bag will have the same osmotic concentration as the surrounding solution
Water potential in the bag will be greater than water potential in the surrounding solution.
Starch molecules will continue to pass through the bag
A glucose test on the solution in the bag will be negative.
The following question refers to an experiment in which a dialysis-tubing bag is filled with a mixture of 3% starch and 3% glucose and placed in a beaker of distilled water, as shown. After 3 hours, glucose can be detected in the water outside the dialysis-tubing bag, but starch cannot.
If, instead of the bag, a potato slice were placed in the beaker of distilled water, which of the following would be true of the potato slice?
it would gain mass
It would neither gain nor lose mass
It would absorb solutes from the surrounding liquid
It would lose water until water potential inside the cells is equal to zero
The cells of the potato would increase their metabolic activity
