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AP Psychology History and Approaches

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 33mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Jill wants to study the process of thinking. Which field of psychology should she choose?

a)

Cognitive

b)

Social

c)

Personality

d)

Learning

e)

Perception

2.

I believe people choose to live meaningful lives. I share many of the same beliefs as Carl Rogers. Most important, I believe many people have the ability to reach self-actualization. Who am I?

a)

Wertheimer

b)

Skinner

c)

Terman

d)

Maslow

e)

Seligman

3.

Psychology is considered a science mainly because it relies on direct observation. Which field of psychology supports this?

a)

Behaviorism

b)

Psychodynamic

c)

Social

d)

Cognitive

e)

Structuralism

4.

Psychoanalytic psychology focuses mainly on:

a)

rewards and punishments

b)

self-esteem and self-actualization

c)

biology and genetics

d)

internal conflict and unconscious desires

e)

sensation and perception

5.

In explaining human behavior, psychoanalysts are likely to focus on ________, whereas humanistic psychologists concentrate on ________.

a)

evolved functions of our thoughts and feelings; self-reports of immediate physical sensations

b)

observable behavior; the way we perceive, process, and remember information

c)

childhood experiences and unconscious thought processes; current environmental influences on potential

d)

introspective reports of immediate sensations; empirical research relying on observation and experimentation

e)

the study of brain activity linked with mental activity; the examination of the stream of consciousness and emotion

6.

Which approach is most directly concerned with assessing the relative impact of both nature and nurture on our psychological traits?

a)

biopsychosocial

b)

cognitive

c)

humanistic

d)

social-cultural

e)

pyschodynamic

7.

Mr. Lopez believes that severe depression results primarily from an imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry. Mr. Lopez favors a ________ perspective on depression.

a)

biological

b)

pyschodynamic

c)

behavioral

d)

cognitive

e)

psychoanalytic

8.

Akira believes that her son has become a good student because she always praises his learning efforts. Her belief best illustrates a ________ perspective.

a)

biopsychosocial

b)

biological

c)

psychodynamic

d)

behavioral

e)

structural

9.

Which psychological perspective highlights the manner in which people encode, process, store, and retrieve information?

a)

cognitive

b)

psychodynamic

c)

behavioral

d)

evolutionary

10.
The first psychological laboratory was established by
a)
John Watson
b)
Wilhelm Wundt
c)
Sigmund Freud
d)
William James
11.
Contemporary psychology is best defined as the scientific study of
a)
thoughts, feelings, and perceptions.
b)
behavior and mental processes.
c)
conscious and unconscious mental activity.
d)
observable responses to the environment.
12.
Arguments as to whether psychological differences between men and women result from biological or social influences most clearly involve a debate over the issue of
a)
evolution versus natural selection.
b)
continuous versus non-continuous.
c)
structuralism versus functionalism.
d)
nature versus nurture.
13.
After Mr. Jones suffered a stroke, a section on the left side of his brain was severely damaged. Now, Mr. Jones lost the ability to speak fluently.
This change in his verbal skills can be best be explained using which approach?
a)
Behaviorist 
b)
Evolutionary
c)
Cognitive
d)
Biological 
14.
Marnie is handed a teddy bear and begins to describe what she is experiencing:"This is brown. It is soft. It is wearing a red bow."
What historic research technique is she using? 
a)
Introspection
b)
Psychoanalysis
c)
Dualism
d)
Structuralism 
15.
Charles Darwin proposed that natural selection leads to the development of characteristics most suited to the survival and reproduction of a species.
His theory has most influenced which branch of Psychology? 
a)
Humanism
b)
Evolutionary psychology. 
c)
Cognitive psychology. 
d)
Behaviorism.
16.
Humanistic psychologists focused attention on the importance of people's
a)
childhood memories.
b)
genetic predispositions.
c)
unconscious thought processes.
d)
potential for healthy growth.
17.
Which approach to psychology focuses on how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures?
a)
humanistic
b)
psychodynamic
c)
social-cultural
d)
cognitive
18.

After the events of 9/11, your friend suggested that the CIA and FBI should have foreseen the likelihood of this form of terrorism. According to her, all the clues were there. This perception most clearly illustrates:

a)

the false consensus effect

b)

the hindsight bias

c)

random sampling

d)

the placebo effect

19.

This technique gathers self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people by questioning them randomly and representatively.

a)

Experiment

b)

Case Study

c)

Survey

d)

Exploratory study

20.

This is a self-correcting process for asking questions and observing nature's answer.

a)

The observational method

b)

the theory method

c)

the scientific method

d)

the hypothetical method

21.

Researchers cannot generalize findings unless their samples are random. In order for a sample to be truly random, every member of the entire group has to have an equal chance of being chosen to participate. Which of the following is an example of a random sampling procedure used to pick 100 participants for a research project?

a)

Design a Web site that has an online version of a questionnaire and include the first 100 people who complete the survey.

b)

Put an ad in the newspaper and pick the first 100 people who respond.

c)

Choose participants from the entire population of interest by putting all the names in a bowl, picking names one at a time until you reach 100, and involving as many of those 100 as possible.

d)

Send questionnaires to the entire population of interest and include the first 100 people who return the questionnaire.

22.

This is an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth.

a)

Survey

b)

Case Study

c)

Exploratory study

d)

Experiment

23.

A researcher is interested in determining if infant crying and caretaker responses are different in developed and developing nations. She trains her research assistants to watch and record babies' behaviors in 3-minute increments, including variations in crying (e.g., whimpering, pain cries, etc.), as well as caregiver responses (e.g., holding, speaking, etc.). She then chooses 50 participants in four different countries to be included in her study. What type of research design is she using?

a)

Naturalistic observation

b)

Case study

c)

Survey research

d)

Correlation

24.

What is one disadvantage of a survey?

a)

People don't tell the truth.

b)

Yields a lot of information

c)

Provides a good way to generate hypotheses

d)

Can provide information about many people since it’s cheap and easy to do

25.
A correlation coefficient of 0.8 is a _______________ and suggests that as one variable ____________, the other variable ______________.
a)
strong positive | increases | increases
b)
weak positive | increases | increases
c)
strong positive | increases | decreases
d)
weak positive | increases | decreases
26.
Operational definitions are used for which of the following reasons?
a)
They enable researchers to replicate studies by precisely describing the variables and how they are used.
b)
They exclude mental processes from being studied, as they are no longer considered part of the scientific study of psychology.
c)
They determine which test of statistical significance will be used to analyze the results of the experiment
d)
They determine whether the experiment is better suited for a laboratory or a field setting
27.
Which part of the neuron covers the axon?
a)
Myelin Sheath
b)
Dendrite
c)
Neural Impulse
28.
A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon
a)
Action Potential
b)
Resting Potential
c)
Synapse
29.
Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gap and binds teh receptor site
a)
Neurotransmitters
b)
Dendrites
c)
Neurons
30.
Which neurotransmitter is released during exercise?
a)
Endorphion
b)
AcH
c)
GABA
31.
Which part of your brain coordinates balance and movement such as ballet?
a)
Cerebellum
b)
Thalamus
c)
Reticular formation
32.
Which system of your body controls your emotions?
a)
Limbic
b)
Endocrine
c)
Nervous
33.
Which part of the limbic system controls fear?
a)
Amygdala
b)
Cortex
c)
Thalamus
d)
Hippocampus
34.
Damage to the either the Broca or Wernicke area of the brain can cause what?
a)
Aphasia
b)
Dementia
c)
Depression
35.
Which of the following are NOT part of a neuron?
a)
Synapses
b)
Dendrites
c)
Somas
d)
Axons
36.

Which psychologist reported that infant attachment to a care giver goes beyond the need for nourishment

a)

Bandura

b)

Ekman

c)

Harlow

d)

Zimbardo

e)

Ashch

37.

Zimbardo's prison study revealed, most importantly, that:

a)

people will refuse to follow their roles.

b)

the power of the situation can transform normal human behavior.

c)

people will resist authority.

d)

Zimbardo was a terrible prison warden.

38.

The Bobo Doll experiment showed that

a)

children will do as adults say, not as adults do.

b)

adults are less likely to commit violence when children commit violence.

c)

Bandura was a sadist.

d)

the children at the nursery school were all brats.

e)

children will do what they see adults do.

39.

Members of collectivist cultures are more likely to:

a)

work independently.

b)

hold themselves apart from the crowd.

c)

resist conformity in a crowd.

d)

conform to the crowd's behaviors.

40.
parents love their child but believe children need rules and must obey them with no explanation.
a)
Authoritarian
b)
Permissive
c)
Authoritative
d)
Neglectful
41.
Parents are demanding and responsive. Rules are set and are explained, the rules are enforced and punishment is given when rules are broken
a)
Authoritarian
b)
Permissive
c)
Authoritative
d)
Neglectful
42.
parents believe children should make and learn from their own mistakes; they provide few rules and when rules are broken the consequences are not followed through.
a)
Authoritarian
b)
Permissive
c)
Authoritative
d)
Neglectful
43.

set of expected behaviors for males and females

a)

gender roles

b)

gender identity

c)

roles

d)

gender typing

44.

we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by reward and punishment.

a)

gender identity

b)

object permanence

c)

self concept

d)

social learning theory

45.

the time of natural cessation of menstruation; biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines;

a)

habituation

b)

maturation

c)

menopause

d)

imprinting

46.
The term critical period refers to:
a)
Prenatal development
b)
The initial two hours after a child’s birth
c)
The preoperational stage
d)
A restricted time for development and/or learning
47.
What is the first stage of Piaget's cognitive development?
a)
Preoperational
b)
Sensorimotor 
c)
Formal operational
d)
Concrete operational
48.
An infant who has developed object permanence...
a)
is attached to specific objects, such as a blanket.
b)
will see all objects as being the same.
c)
knows that an object, such as a rattle, exists even if it is not in view.
d)
cries when a wanted object is taken away.
49.
If Jeremy begs for a new electronic gadget, his parents nearly always buy it for him. What type of family is this?
a)
Permissive
b)
Democratic
c)
Authoritarian
d)
Submissive
50.
The experiment with Harry Harlow and the monkeys prove what about humans?
a)
 We need food to survive.
b)
 We need human touch to survive.
c)
We want human touch over food.
d)
 We want food over human touch.
51.
According to Piaget, accommodation refers to
a)
parental efforts to include new children in the existing family structure
b)
incorporating new experiences into existing schemas.
c)
developmental changes in a child's behavior that facilitate social acceptance by family and peers.
d)
adjusting current schemas in order to make sense of new experiences.
52.
According to Piaget, during the formal operational stage people begin to:
a)
reason abstractly
b)
adhere to social norms
c)
distinguish between good and bad behaviors
d)
become aware of the positive and negative consequences of their own behaviors
53.
The body structures that enable reproduction are the
a)
primary sex characteristics 
b)
secondary sex characteristics
c)
teratogens
d)
schemas
54.
Neither the researcher nor the subjects knew whether or not they received the drug studied or a placebo.  This is an example of
a)
expectancy effects
b)
placebo effects
c)
double blind
d)
nothing.  It would be ridiculous
55.

Dr. Schulte wants to investigate if aggressive behavior in children is increased if they view violent videos.  In this instance, the dependent variable is


a)


violent videos


b)


aggressive behavior


c)


a placebo


d)


the control condition


56.
A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score
a)
Standard Deviation
b)
Normal Curve
c)
Range
d)
Median
57.
The difference between the highest and lowest score in a distribution
a)
Range
b)
Mode
c)
Normal Curve
d)
Hindsight Bias
58.
Which of the following perspective is most likely to address how the encoding, storing, and retrieval of information might alter our thoughts?
a)
Behavioral 
b)
Psychodynamic 
c)
Humanistic 
d)
Cognitive 
59.
Which of the following is an example of negative correlation?
a)
People who spend more time exercising tend to weigh less
b)
Teenage females tend to have fewer speeding tickets than teenage males.
c)
Students with low IQ scores tend to have lower grades.
d)
Students'' shoe sizes are not related to their grades.
60.
After several trials during which a dog is given a certain kind of food at the same time that a specific tone is sounded, there is evidence of conditioning if the dog salivates when
a)
the tone only is presented
b)
the food only is presented
c)
the food and tone are presented together
d)
a different tone is presented with the food