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EOY final review

Total questions: 137

Worksheet time: 2hrs 43mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Industries of the New England Colonies
- Shipbuilding
- Fishing
- Fur trapping and trading
- Lumber milling

Which physical characteristics made these economic activities possible? 
a)
Tall mountains, a long shoreline, and fertile soil
b)
A temperate climate, vast grasslands, and plentiful lakes
c)
Dense forests, natural harbors, swift rivers 
d)
Natural harbors, an arid climate, rocky soil 
2.
Which motive best completes the diagram?
a)
To promote free enterprise 
b)
To extend democracy
c)
To expand empires
d)
To found Utopian communities 
3.
a)
The assembly served as a model for other colonial legislatures
b)
Colonists used the assembly to overrule decisions of the royal governors
c)
The assembly sent delegates to Parliament to represent Virginia
d)
The king revoked Virginia's charter because the assembly became too powerful 
4.
a)
It helped establish the tradition of self-government
b)
It was the first attempt to combine political and religious laws
c)
It established the concept of unalienable rights
d)
It outlined a plan for independence from British rule 
5.
a)
The economic demands of the plantation system
b)
The construction needs of the railroad
c)
Increased textile manufacturing
d)
Increased western migration 
6.
a)
Colonists sought military support from France
b)
Colonists organized boycotts of British goods
c)
Colonists signed the Declaration of Independence 
d)
Colonists dumped tea into Boston Harbor 
7.
What was one result of the Treaty of Paris 1783?
a)
Great Britain recognized the United States as an independent country
b)
Competing Seminole and Spanish claims in West Florida were resolved 
c)
The British navy agreed to stop pressing American sailors into service 
d)
British territory in eastern Canada was ceded to France 
8.
a)
Granted to citizens by their government 
b)
Natural and possessed at birth
c)
Protected under religious doctrine
d)
Defined by the courts 
9.
Which excerpt from the U.S. Constitution best illustrates the principle of popular sovereignty? 
a)
"Each house shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members..."
b)
"The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several states..."
c)
"The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore..."
d)
"The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Represntativs, shall be prescribed in each state by the Legislature  
10.
a)
Speaker 1
b)
Speaker 2
c)
Speaker 3
d)
Speaker 4
11.
a)
Federalism
b)
Due process
c)
A bicameral legislature 
d)
The social contract 
12.
a)
The Mayflower Compact
b)
The Articles of Confederation
c)
The Virginia Declaration of Rights
d)
The Declaration of Independence 
13.
a)
"For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever..."
b)
"For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighboring Province, establishing therein, an Arbitrary government" 
c)
"He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public Records."
d)
"He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners." 
14.
The Twelfth Amendment established a new process for choosing a president and a vice president. The purpose of this amendment was to - 
a)
Prevent the concentration of power in the executive branch 
b)
Ease the eligibility requirements for holding federal office 
c)
Keep state officials from exerting undue influence on presidential elections
d)
Reduce the likelihood of disputed outcomes in presidential elections 
15.
During the Constitutional Convention of 1787, George Mason argued - 
a)
Against increased power for the national government
b)
For the dissolution of state governments
c)
Against the passage of the bill of rights
d)
For the creation of a strong executive branch 
16.
a)
First Amendment
b)
Fourth Amendment 
c)
Fifth Amendment
d)
Tenth Amendment 
17.
Which of these is a guarantee in the First Amendment?  
a)
States have the power to regulate public education
b)
People can choose whether and how to participate in religious services
c)
Persons accused of a crime are presumed innocent until proved guilty
d)
Citizens have the right to be judged by a jury of their peers
18.
a)
Oversee state government agencies 
b)
Regulate the creation of new businesses
c)
Establish a national bank
d)
Eliminate protective tariffs 
19.
The first political parties in the United States formed mainly in response to disagreements over - 
a)
Taxation without representation 
b)
The doctrine of judicial review 
c)
Territorial expansion to the west 
d)
The extent of federal power 
20.
a)
Colonial Settlements
b)
Protective Tariffs
c)
Permanent Alliances
d)
Territorial Disputes 
21.
The Northwest Ordinance established guidelines for the orderly expansion of the United States by instituting a - 
a)
Method to purchase territory from foreign powers
b)
Procedure for military takeover of existing countries 
c)
Process through which states could be added to the Union 
d)
Compromise line that prohibited slavery in the West 
22.
How did the War of 1812 most affect the U.S. economy?
a)
Disruption in trade contributed to domestic industrial growth
b)
Small farmers benefited from higher export prices for grain crops
c)
The sale of treasury bonds to international companies was prohibited
d)
New trade alliances resulted in increased foreign investments
23.
In Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court established a principle that would eventually be used by all courts to - 
a)
Strike down any law that the court deems unconstitutional 
b)
Decide the outcome of contested election results
c)
Overturn any impeachment that the court deems unsupported by evidence 
d)
Mediate disputes related to commerce between states 
24.
Which state was the main destination of American Indians forced to relocate as part of the Trail of Tears?
a)
Oregon 
b)
California
c)
Oklahoma
d)
Texas 
25.
During the 1830s public servants and officials were widely perceived to be unqualified. What practice reinforced that perception?
a)
The public voting for candidates based on religious affiliations 
b)
The president rewarding political supporters with appointments to desirable position
c)
The federal government recruiting volunteers to serve abroad as ambassadors 
d)
Legislators awarding government contracts to the lowest  bidders
26.
a)
Bank War
b)
Nullification Crisis
c)
Corrupt Bargain
d)
XYZ Affair 
27.
a)
Founded as work colonies for debtors
b)
Former slave states
c)
Were havens for religious dissenters
d)
Former Spanish colonies 
28.
What was one reason James K. Polk won the presidential election of 1844?
a)
He was against removing American Indians from their native lands
b)
He favored the policy of popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska territories  
c)
He was committed to fulfilling the goals of Manifest Destiny
d)
He opposed the extension of slavery west of the Mississippi River 
29.
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
30.
a)
Permanent housing for immigrants in urban areas
b)
Canals that linked the Midwest to the Northeast
c)
A transcontinental railroad
d)
A harbor on the Mississippi River 
31.
a)
Italy
b)
China
c)
Germany
d)
Japan
32.
a)
Cities in the South emerged as centers for textile mills
b)
Immigrants settled in the Midwest to establish small farms
c)
Slavery increased in the Northeast as industrialization expanded 
d)
Plantation systems in the South were replaced by large businesses 
33.
a)
Higher consumer goods
b)
Decreased profits for investors
c)
Less consumer choice
d)
More efficient production of goods
34.
a)
The Second Great Awakening motivated people to join reform movements
b)
Manifest Destiny inspired many people to become homesteaders
c)
Jacksonian Democracy allowed more people to vote in elections
d)
The Industrial Revolution encouraged people to pursue jobs in cities 
35.
Between 1846 and 1855 the population of Ireland decreased by a third, including the approximately 1.5 million Irish immigrants who left for the United States. What was the primary reason for this migration?
a)
Massive unemployment resulting from British occupation
b)
Political unrest during an economic recession
c)
Famine caused by a major crop failure
d)
Civil war between Catholics and Protestants 
36.
a)
By reducing the number of slaves needed for growing cotton
b)
By increasing the time needed to cultivate cotton
c)
By increasing the profitability of slavery
d)
By reducing the demand for raw cotton 
37.
Which of these occurred during the early U.S. Industrialization? 
a)
Manufactureres instituted a five day work week
b)
Labor laws required factories to provide a safe working environment
c)
Workers were required to attend schools to develop technical skills
d)
Production of goods transitioned from homes to factories 
38.
The Hudson River School artists were influenced by the -
a)
Success of social reform movements in the US
b)
Migration of settlers to the US frontier 
c)
Natural landscape of the United States
d)
Environmental effects of US industrialization 
39.
Which of the following was an argument made against slavery in the Thirteen Colonies?
a)
Manufacturers argued that slavery discouraged the development of industry
b)
Farmers argued that using slave labor was expensive and inefficient 
c)
Quakers argued that slavery violated Christian principles
d)
Puritans argued that the slave trade encouraged materialism 
40.
a)
By providing economic opportunities for women in urban areas
b)
By expanding the participation of women in social reform
c)
By increasing the number of women teachers in rural areas
d)
By securing the establishment of private universities for women 
41.
How did the loss of its control of the Mississippi River contribute to the defeat of the Confederacy? 
a)
The river had provided direct access to the Union's base of military operations
b)
Losing control of the river removed the physical barrier between slave and free states
c)
The river had provided the Confederacy with a power source for factories and mills
d)
Losing control of the river divided the Confederacy in two and cut off its supplies 
42.
What was a major result of the Missouri Compromise?
a)
It increased the number of immigrants settling in northern states
b)
It provided financing for canal construction
c)
It rapidly expanded railroad construction in southern states
d)
It temporarily relieved sectional tensions 
43.
a)
Harriett Beecher Stowe
b)
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
c)
Harriet Tubman
d)
Phillis Wheatley
44.
Which of these correctly describes an effect of the Compromise of 1850 on escaped slaves and freedman? 
a)
Members of both groups were captured under the Fugitive Slave Law
b)
Unlike freedmen, escaped slaves were welcome in the gold mines of California
c)
Members of both groups could be sold in Washington, D.C., slave markets
d)
Unlike escaped slaves, freedmen could vote in the territories of the Mexican Cessian 
45.
Many historians argued that the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln changed the course of Reconstruction. Which of the following is usually cited as an aspect of that change?
a)
Radical Republicans took control of Congress
b)
Congress imposed taxes on cotton imports to pay war debts
c)
The Thirteenth Amendment was approved by Congress
d)
Congress repealed legislation regulating railroad construction
46.
a)
The Jacksonian era
b)
The antebellum era
c)
The Federalists era
d)
The Reconstruction era 
47.
After the Civil War, southern states adopted Black Codes to - 
a)
Punish plantation owners for the use of slavery
b)
support Radical Reconstruction objective in the South
c)
Promote the activities of the Freedman's Bureau
d)
Limited the impact of the Thirteenth Amendment 
48.
One effect of the Dawes Act was that it - 
a)
Caused many American Indian tribes to create written constitution
b)
Provided education to American Indians through locally run schools
c)
Limited the voting rights of American Indians
d)
Harmed the communal structure of American Indian society 
49.
Which of these occurred as a result of the Fifteenth Amendment? 
a)
African American families divided by slavery were reunited
b)
Newly free men and women moved west to claim land
c)
African American men voted in the 1872 presidential election 
d)
Newly free men and women were allowed to apply for US citizenship 
50.

The idea expressed in this quote is that the United States should avoid —

a)

becoming involved in the political affairs of other countries

b)

being a part of a global trade network

c)

establishing U.S. territories overseas

d)

allowing U.S. citizens to emigrate

51.

Which numbered state did the United States acquire from Spain in 1819?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

52.

The development of the factory system in the early 1800s caused —

a)

a decrease in free trade between nations

b)

an increase in government regulation of businesses

c)

an increase in production levels

d)

a decrease in immigration

53.

What does this list suggest about the drafters of the Articles of Confederation?

a)

They did not want a judicial system based upon that of Great Britain.

b)

They feared that a strong central government would abuse its power.

c)

They were uncertain that democracy would continue to be the best type of government.

d)

They did not think that state governments could provide for the general welfare.

54.

What was the primary reason Parliament passed these acts?

a)

To promote the growth of cottage industries in the colonies

b)

To encourage foreign trade with the colonies

c)

To recover the cost of defending the colonies

d)

To fund the establishment of new colonies

55.

Which pair of actions best completes this graphic?

a)

1—Enslaved native populations 2—Organized utopian societies

b)

1—Established Catholic missions 2—Focused primarily on fur trading

c)

1—Promoted political freedom 2—Participated in the triangular trade

d)

1—Became commercial shipbuilders 2—Created an early system of public school

56.

Which of the following is most associated with the formation of the Democratic Party?

a)

The election of Andrew Jackson as president

b)

The use of protective tariffs

c)

The impeachment of President Andrew Johnson

d)

The abolition movement

57.

The British government issued the Proclamation of 1763 to limit the area British colonists were allowed to settle. Which geographic feature did the British use as the boundary of approved settlement?

a)

Lake Michigan

b)

Gulf of Mexico

c)

Mississippi River

d)

Appalachian Mountains

58.

Which of the following occurred as a result of these events?

a)

The president of Mexico refused to withdraw troops from Texas.

b)

Parts of southern Texas were returned to Mexico.

c)

The United States acquired several territories from Mexico.

d)

Mexico was forced to sell Florida to the United States

59.

What was the main cause of the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson in 1868?

a)

His opposition to the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment

b)

His refusal to investigate reported criminal activity by the Union army during the Civil War

c)

His opposition to Radical Reconstruction policies for former Confederate states

d)

His refusal to use the Homestead Act to redistribute land to former slaves

60.

This painting shows artist Thomas Nast’s interpretation of General Robert E. Lee’s surrender to General Ulysses S. Grant, which ended the Civil War.


Where did the events shown in this painting occur?

a)

private home in Appomattox County, Virginia

b)

The U.S. Capitol building

c)

A public church near Ford’s Theatre

d)

The Governor’s mansion in Richmond, Virginia

61.

Which change occurred as a direct result of these developments?

a)

A reduction in the number of skilled workers in northern states

b)

The expansion of manufacturing into the western territories

c)

A reduction in trade with European countries

d)

The expansion of slavery into newly acquired territories

62.

Which document completes this excerpt?

a)

A Declaration of Independence

b)

B Treaty of Ghent

c)

C Northwest Ordinance

d)

D Louisiana Purchase Treaty

63.

The Virginia Company authorized a general assembly in Virginia so that colonists could —

a)

self-govern on a local level

b)

vote in the British Parliament

c)

participate in a free-market economy

d)

express dissatisfaction with British rule

64.

Which action completes this graphic organizer?

a)

French naval attacks on U.S. harbors

b)

British invasions of countries allied with the United States

c)

French embargoes on trade with the United States

d)

British impressment of U.S. sailors

65.

The statistics in this table illustrate population changes associated with —

a)

the rise of industrialism in the United States

b)

the establishment of a federal income tax

c)

a prolonged food shortage in the United States

d)

a lengthy war over disputed territory

66.

The theme represented in this painting is most associated with —

a)

the nineteenth-century temperance movement

b)

books and songs supporting the nativist movement

c)

the works of artists from the Hudson River School

d)

the nineteenth-century industrial boom

67.

How did the Freedmen’s Bureau most assist in the reconstruction of the South?

a)

By dividing large plantations and redistributing the property to former slaves

b)

By creating a militia to help enforce the voting rights of former slaves

c)

By offering legal assistance and public schooling to former slaves

d)

By petitioning the government to offer money to former slaves

68.

This early map of New England was published in 1677.


Which of the following names the group best known for settling this region and states their reason for settling?

a)

Merchants: To trade with the region’s American Indians

b)

Quakers: To establish a colony free of slavery

c)

Explorers: To map the region’s rivers

d)

Puritans: To freely practice their religion

69.

Which of the following correctly completes this graphic organizer?

a)

President Jackson annexes land west of the Mississippi River.

b)

President Jackson ignores a Supreme Court ruling.

c)

President Jackson introduces a bill to Congress.

d)

President Jackson vetoes an act passed by Congress

70.

In this reply, Daniel Webster is reacting to —

a)

the inability of citizens to elect Supreme Court justices

b)

an attempted nullification of a federal law by a state

c)

a proposal to revise the amendment process of the U.S. Constitution

d)

the federal seizure of private land for transportation networks

71.

Which American colony’s economy was based primarily on shipbuilding and fishing?

a)

Virginia

b)

Maryland

c)

Georgia

d)

Massachusetts

72.

This political cartoon comments on events that occurred during the —

a)

Reconstruction era

b)

Age of Jackson

c)

Second Great Awakening

d)

War of 1812

73.

Which numbered pair correctly replaces (1) and (2) in this table?

a)

(1) three-fourths (2) eligible voters

b)

(1) three-fourths (2) Supreme Court

c)

(1) two-thirds (2) Electoral College

d)

(1) two-thirds (2) state legislatures

74.

Which of the following had the greatest impact on the outcome of the Civil War?

a)

Economic differences between the Union and the Confederacy

b)

The amount of military training given to Union forces and Confederacy forces

c)

Religious differences between the Union and the Confederacy

d)

The alignment of foreign allies with the Union or with the Confederacy

75.

This leader inspired followers of the abolitionist movement by —

a)

writing Uncle Tom’s Cabin

b)

publishing the anti-slavery newspaper The North Star

c)

organizing the Underground Railroad

d)

becoming the first African American senator

76.

Which constitutional principle is Jefferson referring to in this excerpt?

a)

Full faith and credit

b)

Popular sovereignty

c)

Federalism

d)

Judicial review

77.

Which of the following best completes this illustration?

a)

Free Enterprise System

b)

Mercantile System

c)

Federalism

d)

Republicanism

78.

Which of the following is the best example of an early U.S. struggle to define the domestic authority of the central government?

a)

The XYZ Affair

b)

The War of 1812

c)

The Barbary Wars

d)

The Whiskey Rebellion

79.

Those who agreed with this point of view were known as —

a)

Minutemen

b)

Loyalists

c)

Federalists

d)

Patriots

80.

Why was this congressional structure created by the framers of the Constitution?

a)

To follow the plan outlined in the Articles of Confederation

b)

To reach a compromise between large and small states

c)

To reach a compromise between slave states and non-slave states

d)

To implement the outcome of a popular vote

81.

Irish and Chinese immigrants are best remembered for performing which type of labor during the late nineteenth century?

a)

Building dams in the midwestern states

b)

Digging canals across northern states

c)

Building railroads in western territories J

d)

Constructing bridges in southern states

82.

This statement is most likely from a handbook designed to prepare citizens for —

a)

voting in elections

b)

jury duty

c)

paying income taxes

d)

military service

83.

How did President Lincoln succeed in permanently abolishing the practice represented by the tree in this cartoon?

a)

By ordering the use of popular sovereignty to decide the issue of slavery

b)

By encouraging an armed rebellion of slaves in the South

c)

By promoting the passage and ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment

d)

By helping abolitionists fund the Underground Railroad

84.

What was the purpose of this amendment?

a)

To encourage citizens to monitor the federal government

b)

To prevent conflicts between state and local governments

c)

To limit the authority of the federal government

d)

To increase the participation of citizens in state government

85.

The reform efforts of Dorothea Dix during the mid-nineteenth century led to —

a)

improved education for immigrant children

b)

the creation of worker safety regulations

c)

the expansion of suffrage for women

d)

improved facilities for the mentally ill and disabled

86.

Which title best completes this list?

a)

Economic Motives for Passing the Northwest Ordinance

b)

Reasons for Issuing the Monroe Doctrine

c)

Economic Motives for Manifest Destiny Policies

d)

Reasons for the Gadsden Purchase

87.

How did the growth of the railway system during the nineteenth century affect the U.S. economy?

a)

By helping expand the commercial markets of U.S. companies

b)

By making it easier for people in rural areas to work in urban factories

c)

By helping strengthen the economic ties between U.S. and British companies

d)

By permitting faster communication between corporate leaders and their employees

88.

The actions described in this excerpt were carried out in order to —

a)

encourage the outbreak of war between England and France

b)

protest British taxation policies

c)

end trade disagreements between colonists and French traders

d)

protest a ban on selling beverages in the colonies

89.

What was the fundamental question addressed in each of these congressional acts?

a)

Should the U.S. expand westward?

b)

Should states be allowed to nullify federal laws?

c)

Should slave labor be allowed in new states?

d)

Should states be able to secede from the Union?

90.

Which diagram correctly compares two regions of the United States during the mid-nineteenth century?

a)
b)
c)
d)
91.

Which law would be considered unconstitutional on the basis of First Amendment guarantees?

a)

A ban on the publication of classified information by government employees

b)

A requirement that church employees pay income tax

c)

A requirement that churches get a permit before building a new chapel

d)

A prohibition on electing religious leaders to government office

92.

Which of the following was most responsible for the revolution described in this excerpt?

a)

Expanded public education

b)

Rapid technological innovation

c)

Increased government spending

d)

Rapid territorial expansion

93.

Why did Congress honor this woman by putting her on a coin?

a)

Because she was an influential First Lady

b)

Because she designed the nation’s first flag

c)

Because she fought for women’s suffrage

d)

Because she was the first woman elected to Congress

94.

This list includes rights that are considered — 8.19(A)

a)

transferable

b)

legislated

c)

unalienable

d)

inherited

95.

How did mercantilist policies create tension between Great Britain and the colonies? 8.4(A)

a)

By introducing indentured servitude to the middle colonies

b)

By requiring colonists to enlist in the military

c)

By limiting the amount of farmland each colonist could have

d)

By preventing colonists from trading with most other foreign countries

96.

Which factor encouraged more immigrants to settle in northern states than southern states during the mid-nineteenth century? 8.10(B)

a)

Northern states had lower population densities.

b)

Citizenship requirements in southern states were not as strict.

c)

Southern states had smaller industrial sectors.

d)

Governments in northern states were less corrupt.

97.

Which sentence completes this diagram? 8.19(B)

a)

People cannot be forced to be witnesses against themselves.

b)

Cruel and unusual punishment cannot be inflicted.

c)

Warrants cannot be issued unless probable cause is established.

d)

A defendant cannot be denied a speedy and public trial.

98.

The completion of the Erie Canal played a key role in which development? 8.10(C)

a)

New York City becoming a vital commercial center with the country’s busiest seaport

b)

New Orleans becoming a leader in manufacturing and overseas trade

c)

Washington, D.C., becoming the cultural and political center of the nation

d)

Boston becoming one of the country’s largest transportation hubs

99.

Which sentence best completes this diagram? 8.23(B)

a)

Cities grew rapidly.

b)

Demand for artisans increased.

c)

Farms experienced a shortage of labor.

d)

Government regulation of factories increased.

100.

The Whiskey Rebellion challenged the idea that — 8.5(A)

a)

the federal government had the power to pass and enforce tax laws

b)

a national military was needed for dealing with foreign threats

c)

the federal government could raise tariffs to protect industries

d)

a national court system was needed for resolving disputes between states

101.

Why did the Siege of Vicksburg affect the balance of power during the Civil War? 8.8(B)

a)

Several important Confederate generals were killed.

b)

Union troops were pushed back across the Ohio River.

c)

The Confederate territory was divided in half.

d)

Severe casualties were inflicted on Union forces.

102.

The colonies in this list were founded primarily to offer settlers a greater degree of — 8.25(B)

a)

freedom from debts

b)

religious freedom

c)

economic freedom

d)

freedom of speech

103.

Which argument would a Federalist make to support ratification of the Constitution? 8.17(A)

a)

The Constitution will enable states to nullify laws that are harmful to citizens.

b)

A strong federal government will be more stable than a loose confederation of states.

c)

The Constitution will allow states to establish banks to stabilize the national economy.

d)

A republican system of government will better represent large states.

104.

What was the primary question surrounding the 1832 Nullification Crisis? 8.17(B)

a)

Can the federal government regulate interstate commerce?

b)

Can a state regulate a federal agency?

c)

Can a state overturn a federal law?

d)

Can the federal government levy taxes on states?

105.

In this excerpt, President Hayes proposes a change in federal policy toward American Indians. Legislation based on this new policy did which of the following? 8.9(D)

a)

Promoted individual land ownership among American Indians

b)

Forced white settlers to leave reservation lands

c)

Ended federal oversight of tribal governments

d)

Granted American Indians the right to attend public schools

106.

One environmental consequence of the large-scale cultivation of cotton in the South was — 8.11(B)

a)

widespread soil exhaustion caused by decades of farming

b)

drought caused by overuse of river water to irrigate farmland

c)

air pollution caused by the use of cotton gins

d)

widespread water contamination caused by fertilizer runoff

107.

John Hancock was one of the Founding Fathers committed to liberty. How did he demonstrate this commitment? 8.20(B)

a)

By writing the Articles of Confederation

b)

By serving as commander in chief of the Continental army

c)

By organizing Committees of Correspondence

d)

By signing the Declaration of Independence

108.

Which of these was a primary reason Chinese immigrants came to the United States in the early 1850s? 8.23(A)

a)

To seek gold

b)

To purchase inexpensive farmland

c)

To avoid a plague

d)

To avoid a plague

109.

What was the result of the events shown on the map above? 8.10(A)

a)

General Lee’s troops received necessary reinforcements.

b)

General Grant’s supply lines were completely cut off.

c)

General Lee surrendered to General Grant.

d)

General Grant and General Lee combined forces.

110.

Which amendment prohibits federal and state governments from carrying out these actions? 8.25(C)

a)

The First Amendment

b)

The Second Amendment

c)

The Fifth Amendment

d)

The Tenth Amendment

111.

How did advancements in industrial technologies affect businesses during the late nineteenth century? 8.27(C)

a)

By making handcrafted goods more affordable

b)

By improving production methods and increasing competition

c)

By forcing producers to manufacture multiple products

d)

By causing an increase in wages for factory workers

112.

One result of the trend shown in this table was the — 8.13(B)

a)

expansion of available labor

b)

creation of specialized trade guilds

c)

decrease in educational opportunities for women

d)

increase in production costs for manufacturers

113.

Why is the Battle of Saratoga considered a turning point in the Revolutionary War? 8.4(C)

a)

The British victory extended the fighting for another year

b)

The American defeat led many soldiers to desert the Continental army.

c)

The British defeat marked the beginning of a steady decline in British military superiority.

d)

The American victory convinced France to ally with the United States.

114.

What assurance did this argument give to those who opposed ratifying the Constitution? 8.4(E)

a)

The amendment process would allow state governments to nullify federal law.

b)

Making the federal government superior to state governments would ensure greater stability.

c)

The rights of citizens would be better protected by having both federal and state levels of government.

d)

Giving greater power to the federal government would allow it to assist states in times of crisis.

115.

Which of the following contributed most to the expansion of the transatlantic slave trade during the 1700s? 8.12(B)

a)

A lack of skilled labor in the American colonies

b)

Demand for slaves in the American colonies that produced cash crops

c)

A lack of protective tariffs in the American colonies

d)

Demand for slaves in the industrialized American colonies

116.

Which numbered area did the United States acquire in 1846 after negotiations with Great Britain? 8.6 (E)

a)
b)
c)
d)
117.

The organization of the first U.S. political parties resulted in large part from disagreements over which issue? 8.5(C)

a)

The purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France

b)

The election of George Washington to a second term as president

c)

The establishment of the First Bank of the United States

d)

The attack on the Port of Tripoli in North Africa

118.

Which of the following is the source of this statement on foreign policy? 8.5(E)

a)

George Washington’s Farewell Address

b)

The Monroe Doctrine

c)

Abraham Lincoln’s first inaugural address

d)

The Federalist Papers

119.

The measures in this list are examples of ways southern states weakened the effects of the — 8.16(B)

a)

Compromise of 1850

b)

Fifteenth Amendment

c)

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

d)

Dred Scott v. Sandford decision

120.

Which reason did the United States give for declaring war against Mexico in 1846? 8.6(D)

a)

To overturn a corrupt Mexican government

b)

To defend U.S. territory from Mexican aggression

c)

To end a Mexican slave rebellion

d)

To respond to attacks on U.S. merchant ships by Mexican pirates

121.

Why were these tactics effective? 8.12(D)

a)

Confederate states were unable to collect tariffs on manufactured goods.

b)

Union forces were able to use the blockade to gain international support.

c)

Confederate states were unable to use agricultural exports as a source of revenue.

d)

Union forces were able to earn money for supplies by selling confiscated bales of cotton.

122.

How did the provisions of the Northwest Ordinance affect U.S. expansion? 8.6(A)

a)

By funding a transportation network in uninhabited regions

b)

By establishing a process for territories to govern themselves

c)

By promoting the growth of southern plantation economies

d)

By creating a national bank to loan money to land investors

123.

Which of the following best completes this list? 8.9(C)

a)

Established schools

b)

Certified applications for political office

c)

Granted small-business loans

d)

Provided funds for farming supplies

124.

Which factor most contributed to the creation of the documents in this list? 8.3(A)

a)

The opportunity for trade with American Indians

b)

The distance of the colonies from Great Britain

c)

The doctrine of the Church of England

d)

The economic system of mercantilism

125.

Why were southern delegates to the Constitutional Convention willing to accept the Three-Fifths Compromise? 8.4(D)

a)

It increased the political influence of the South.

b)

It allowed indentured servants in the South to become citizens.

c)

It decreased the federal tax on property in the South.

d)

It allowed the South to expand its industrial output.

126.

In Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court first stated the principle that — 8.18(A)

a)

only the courts may regulate interstate commerce

b)

the president may veto federal legislation

c)

the courts may declare a federal law unconstitutional

d)

only the president may issue an executive order

127.

The invention discussed in this article led directly to — 8.27(D)

a)

the expansion of educational opportunities for women

b)

rapid communication of information to distant locations

c)

the increased ability of people to work at night

d)

rapid population growth in the western territories

128.

Which of these is a grievance from the Declaration of Independence? 8.15(C)

a)

Colonists born in America were prohibited from holding elected office.

b)

Colonists were forced to quarter troops in their homes.

c)

Colonists were not eligible to become officers in the British army.

d)

Colonists were required to serve a year in their colony’s militia.

129.

Which of these directly resulted from the event announced in this headline? 8.7(C)

a)

The abolitionist movement gained momentum in the North.

b)

Members of the U.S. Senate sought to end Black Codes in the southern states.

c)

The federal government allowed the expansion of slavery into all new western territories.

d)

Abolitionists moved to the South to avoid living under the new law.

130.

Which phrase correctly completes the excerpt? 8.23(C)

a)

we joined the local congregation

b)

we agreed to leave

c)

we asked the federal government for aid

d)

we sued our tormenters

131.

Why was it difficult for Congress to fulfill its duties under the Articles of Confederation? 8.15(B)

a)

Any congressional action required executive approval.

b)

Congress lacked the power to declare war.

c)

Most congressional decisions required the approval of at least nine states.

d)

Congress lacked the power to regulate foreign trade.

132.

This diagram shows some of the steps in becoming a — 8.19(E)

a)

registered voter in the United States

b)

member of the U.S. armed forces

c)

candidate for elected office in the United States

d)

naturalized U.S. citizen

133.

These reforms were instituted by — 8.9(A)

a)

governors during the colonial era

b)

Reconstruction governments after the Civil War

c)

Patriots during the American Revolution

d)

revivalists after the Second Great Awakening

134.

What was one result of industrialization in the United States during the mid-1800s? 8.28(B)

a)

Sectional differences increased.

b)

The federal government prohibited immigration.

c)

Job opportunities decreased.

d)

Fewer public lands were devoted to transportation.

135.

The names on this map best reflect which of the following? 8.23(D)

a)

Family names of early pioneers in the West

b)

The impact of American Indian culture on southwestern states

c)

The influence of Spanish colonial heritage on the United States

d)

Religious beliefs brought by immigrants to the United States

136.

The economies of the new western states were very different from those of the northeastern states in the mid-1800s. One major difference was that western states — 8.12(A)

a)

relied on subsistence farming

b)

used natural harbors for shipping

c)

focused on mining and agriculture

d)

traded freely with other nations

137.

Which reason best completes this list? 8.2(A)

a)

To spread democratic ideals

b)

To improve efficiency in manufacturing

c)

To locate potential military allies

d)

To claim new territory