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WorksheetsGeo Science 2nd Semester Final Chapters 17 -25
Total questions: 135
Worksheet time: 1hrs 8mins
What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere? CH17
oxygen
nitrogen
carbon dioxide
hydrogen
Which of the following terms best describes air? CH17
element
compound
mixture
none of the above
The form of oxygen that combines three oxygen atoms into each molecule is called ____. CH17
argon
thermopause
chlorofluorocarbon
ozone
What is the lowest layer of the atmosphere? CH17
thermosphere
troposphere
stratosphere
mesosphere
Most important weather phenomena occur in the ____. CH17
stratosphere
mesosphere
troposphere
thermosphere
Fifty percent of the gases that make up the atmosphere are found below ____. CH17
16.2 kilometers
12.8 kilometers
10.4 kilometers
5.6 kilometers
When do the sun’s rays strike latitude 23.5S at an angle of 90 degrees? CH17
June 21
March 21
September 21
December 21
When does the summer solstice occur in the Northern Hemisphere? CH17
June 21
March 21
September 21
December 21
When does the autumnal equinox occur in the Southern Hemisphere? CH17
June 21
March 21
September 21
December 21
On which date does the Antarctic Circle have 24 hours of daylight? CH17
June 21
March 21
September 21
December 21
At which latitude would you expect the sun to be directly overhead at noon on April 21? CH17
0
8S
8N
23.5N
All matter is composed of atoms or molecules that have energy of motion, also known as ____. CH17
potential energy
solar energy
kinetic energy
radiation
When energy is transferred to air, what happens to the particles of air? CH17
They move slower.
They move faster.
They cool down.
none of the above
Electromagnetic waves travel through space at a speed of ____. CH17
3000 kilometers per second
30,000 kilometers per second
300,000 kilometers per second
3,000,000 kilometers per second
On average, how much of the sun’s energy that reaches Earth’s outer atmosphere is reflected back into space? CH17
10 percent
20 percent
30 percent
50 percent
Which gas is most important for understanding atmospheric processes? CH18
oxygen
ozone
water vapor
carbon dioxide
Rain, snow, sleet, and hail are all examples of ____. CH18
evaporation
condensation
precipitation
deposition
Which of the following can change from one state of matter to another at the temperatures and pressures experienced at Earth’s surface? CH18
nitrogen
oxygen
water
carbon dioxide
Water vapor makes up what fraction of atmospheric gases? CH18
0 to 4 percent
10 to 23 percent
20 to 42 percent
30 percent
Which term describes the conversion of a solid directly to a gas, without passing through the liquid state? CH18
evaporation
sublimation
condensation
deposition
The change of state from a gas to a liquid is called ____. CH18
evaporation
sublimation
condensation
deposition
What is true about warm, saturated air? CH18
It contains less water vapor than cold air.
It contains more water vapor than cold air.
It contains the same amount of water vapor as cold air.
It does not contain any water vapor.
What is true about relative humidity? CH18
It indicates how near the air is to saturation.
It indicates the actual quantity of water vapor in the air.
It is the general term used to describe the amount of water vapor in air.
It is the temperature to which a parcel of air would need to be cooled to reach saturation.
When two temperatures read nearly the same on a psychrometer, you can conclude that ____. CH18
your instrument reading is accurate
a change in temperature is likely
the dew point temperature is very low
the air has a high relative humidity
What is the dry adiabatic rate? CH18
3.0C/100 meters
1C/100 meters
10C/1000 meters
0.5C/1000 meters
The wet adiabatic rate of cooling is less than the dry rate because ____.CH18
wet air is unsaturated
dry air is less dense
of the release of latent heat
of the dew point
Which of the following occurs when air is compressed? CH18
Air temperature rises.
Air temperature cools.
Air molecules move faster.
Which of the following is NOT a process that lifts air? CH18
convergence
orographic lifting
divergence
frontal wedging
Cool air acts as a barrier over which warmer, less dense air rises, in a process known as ____. CH18
divergence
frontal wedging
orographic lifting
subduction
Which cloud type consists of globular cloud masses with a cauliflower structure? CH18
cumulus
cirrus
stratus
alto
The force exerted by the weight of the air above is called ____. CH19
air pressure
convergence
the Coriolis effect
divergence
In which direction is air pressure exerted? CH19
upward
downward
sideways
all of the these
Standard sea level pressure in millibars is ____. CH19
750.1
980.5
1000
1013.2
What is the ultimate energy source for most wind? CH19
Earth’s rotation
Earth’s revolution
solar radiation
tides
Which force generates winds? CH19
the Coriolis effect
gravity
pressure differences
friction
Widely spaced isobars indicate ____. CH19
high winds
variable winds
light winds
winds oriented north to south
Fast-moving currents of air that occur above the friction layer are called ____. CH19
wind trains
mesocyclones
chinooks
jet streams
The Coriolis effect influences ____. CH19
wind speed
wind direction
both wind speed and wind direction
neither wind speed nor wind direction
In the Southern Hemisphere, winds associated with a low-pressure system blow ____. CH19
clockwise toward the center
counterclockwise toward the center
clockwise outward from the center
counterclockwise outward from the center
In the Northern Hemisphere, winds associated with a high-pressure system blow ____. CH19
counterclockwise toward the center
clockwise toward the center
clockwise outward from the center
counterclockwise outward from the center
Centers of low pressure are called ____.CH19
anticyclones
air masses
jet streams
cyclones
Fair weather can usually be expected with the approach of which of the following? CH19
cyclone
anticyclone
low-pressure system
none of the these
High-pressure systems are usually associated with which of the following? CH19
descending air
clear weather
relatively dry conditions
all of the these
The general movement of low-pressure centers across the United States is from ____. CH19
north to south
south to north
west to east
east to west
What is NOT true about lows that move across the United States? CH19
They can produce bad weather.
Their paths are very predictable.
They move in roughly a west-to-east direction.
They may require up to a week to cross the country.
An immense body of air characterized by similar properties at any given altitude is known as a(n) ____.CH20
cyclone
air mass
anticyclone
front
Which two properties characterize an air mass? CH20
temperature and location
temperature and pressure
temperature and moisture
moisture and pressure
A cold, dry air mass that moves over warm, tropical waters will likely become ____. CH20
colder and drier
warmer and drier
colder and wetter
warmer and wetter
An air mass gets its characteristic properties from an area known as the ____. CH20
weather site
place of origin
classification region
source region
Maritime air masses form ____. CH20
over land
over water
only in winter
only in summer
On a weather map, which type of front is shown by a line with triangular points on one side? CH20
warm
cold
stationary
occluded
On a weather map, which type of front is shown by a line with semicircles extending from one side? CH20
warm
cold
stationary
occluded
Which of the following is considered to be a boundary between two different air masses? CH20
warm front
cold front
both warm front and cold front
neither warm front nor cold front
When an active cold front overtakes a warm front, ____. CH20
the fronts cancel each other out
cloud formation ceases
an occluded front forms
a stationary front forms
Along which type of front is the intensity of precipitation generally heavy, but short-lived? CH20
warm front
cold front
stationary front
occluded front
What is the first sign of an approaching warm front? CH20
stratus clouds
cirrus clouds
nimbostratus clouds
cumulus clouds
What kind of shape is associated with a middle-latitude cyclone? CH20
circle
wave
square
triangle
How does surface air flow in a middle-latitude cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere? CH20
divergent and clockwise
divergent and counterclockwise
convergent and clockwise
convergent and counterclockwise
What happens to the intensity of solar energy as latitude increases? CH21
It stays the same.
It increases.
It decreases.
It doubles.
Which region is located between 23.5° north and south of the equator? CH21
temperate zone
tropical zone
polar zone
desert zone
In polar areas, solar radiation strikes Earth at a ____. CH21
small angle
large angle
right angle
greater angle than at the tropics
The rain shadow effect is associated with ____. CH21
oceans
rivers
latitude
mountains
Temperature decreases with elevation by an average of how many degrees per 1000 meters? CH21
–6°C
1.6°C
6.5°C
16.5°C
The leeward side of a mountain is often ____. CH21
wet
cold
hot
dry
What is the relationship between elevation and climate? CH21
The higher the elevation is, the colder the climate.
The lower the elevation is, the colder the climate.
The higher the elevation is, the warmer the climate.
There is no relationship between elevation and climate.
Increased altitude generally causes lower ____. CH21
relative humidity
temperatures
wind velocities
rainfall amounts
How would the climate of a coastal city differ from that of a city at the same latitude located farther inland? CH21
The coastal city would have cooler summers.
The coastal city would have colder winters.
The coastal city would have hotter summers.
They are at the same latitude so their climates would not differ.
Heat and moisture are distributed around Earth by ____. CH21
precipitation
global winds
rain shadows
transpiration
What do plants release into the air during transpiration? CH21
pollen
water vapor
carbon dioxide
complex sugars
What two factors are used to classify climate in the Köppen climate classification system? CH21
temperature and air pressure
elevation and latitude
temperature and precipitation
precipitation and location
Which type of climate has no winters? CH21
humid tropical
dry
polar
highland
Where are dry-summer tropical climates found in the United States? CH21
California
Arizona
Texas
Utah
What happens to air when it sinks? CH21
It expands and cools.
It becomes wetter.
It compresses and warms.
Its pressure decreases.
The first accurate measurement of the size of Earth was made by ____. CH22
Eratosthenes
Aristotle
Ptolemy
Newton
Aristotle concluded that Earth was round because ____. CH22
it always casts a curved shadow during a lunar eclipse
he sailed around the world
he calculated Earth’s circumference
it exhibited retrograde motion
In the Ptolemaic model of the universe, ____. CH22
Earth was flat
Earth was the center of the universe
the sun was the center of the solar system
Earth was much larger than the sun
One astronomical unit (AU) averages about ____. CH22
39 million kilometers
93 million kilometers
150 million kilometers
210 million kilometers
A measure of the total amount of matter an object contains is called ____. CH22
density
mass
volume
weight
The first early astronomer to propose a sun-centered solar system was ____. CH22
Galileo
Newton
Copernicus
Brahe
The force that gravity exerts on an object is called ____. CH22
mass
weight
density
volume
What is the shape of a planet’s orbit? CH22
elliptical
circular
irregular
parabolic
Which law states that each planet revolves so that an imaginary line connecting it to the sun sweeps over equal areas in equal time intervals? CH22
the first law of planetary motion
The second law of planetary motion
the third law of planetary motion
the law of universal gravitation
The true shape of planetary orbits was discovered by ____. CH22
Newton
Galileo
Brahe
Kepler
Earth is closest to the sun at a point called ____. CH22
perihelion
aphelion
apogee
precession
Earth’s axis slowly but continuously points in different directions, a movement known as ____. CH22
retrograde motion
revolution
rotation
precession
Earth’s orbital speed is approximately ____. CH22
110 kilometers per hour
1600 kilometers per hour
43,000 kilometers per hour
107,000 kilometers per hour
Seasons are caused by ____. CH22
Earth’s rotation
precession
Earth’s tilted axis
Earth’s distance from the sun
The length of daylight on the moon is about ____. CH23
24 hours
48 hours
two weeks
one month
One of the planets known to have rings is ____. CH23
Venus
Mars
Uranus
Pluto
Which of the following is NOT a Jovian planet? CH23
Earth
Saturn
Neptune
Uranus
Which of the following is NOT a terrestrial planet? CH23
Mercury
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
The most obvious difference between the terrestrial and the Jovian planets is ____. CH23
color
size
orbital velocity
length of day
In an astronomical sense, which of the following is NOT considered an ice? CH23
water
hydrogen
carbon dioxide
ammonia
The formation of the solar system from a huge cloud of dust and gases is called the ____. CH23
protoplanet theory
nebular theory
planetesimal theory
solar theory
Which of the following is NOT considered part of the solar system? CH23
terrestrial planets
Jovian planets
galaxies
sun
Which of the following is proportionally more abundant on terrestrial planets than on Jovian planets? CH23
hydrogen
silicate minerals
methane
ammonia ice
Which planet shows evidence of water erosion? CH23
Mars
Venus
Jupiter
Mercury
The planet with the greatest temperature extremes is ____. CH23
Earth
Venus
Mars
Mercury
Which planet has a dense carbon dioxide atmosphere and high surface temperatures? CH23
Venus
Earth
Mars
Mercury
Which features on Mars point to the possibility of liquid water on the planet? CH23
mountain ranges with faults
gullies and stream-like channels
volcanic cones with craters
impact craters with sharp rims
Which planet has a greater mass than the combined mass of all the remaining planets and their moons? CH23
Venus
Saturn
Jupiter
Pluto
Which planet’s axis of rotation lies nearly parallel with the plane of its orbit? CH23
Mercury
Earth
Uranus
Saturn
A comet’s tail always points ____. CH23
away from the sun
toward the sun
sideways
downward
Which of the following is NOT a form of electromagnetic radiation? CH24
radio waves
gravity
gamma rays
visible light
Which color has the longest wavelength? CH24
red
blue
green
orange
Gamma rays, X-rays, visible light, and radio waves are all types of ____. CH24
nuclear energy
chromatic aberration
ultraviolet radiation
electromagnetic radiation
The fact that light can exert a pressure on matter suggests that it is made of particles called ____. CH24
electrons
protons
photons
neutrons
The energy of a photon is related to its ____. CH24
rate of movement
mass
wavelength
size
Which color has the most energetic photons? CH24
red
orange
blue
violet
What does a prism do? CH24
combines the colors of visible light into white light
separates sunlight into ultraviolet and infrared radiation
separates visible light into several colors
changes the wavelength of electromagnetic waves
A typical incandescent light bulb produces a(n) ____. CH24
absorption spectrum
emission spectrum
discontinuous spectrum
continuous spectrum
Which type of spectrum can be produced by a solid, liquid, or gas? CH24
emission spectrum
absorption spectrum
discontinuous spectrum
continuous spectrum
Which of the following refers to the change in wavelength that occurs when an object moves toward or away from a source? CH24
Doppler effect
chromatic aberration
spectroscopy
wave theory of light
What will happen to an object’s wavelength as the object moves toward you? CH24
The wavelength will be shortened.
The wavelength will be lengthened.
The wavelength will not change.
The wavelength will vary.
A refracting telescope produces an image using a(n) ____. CH24
mirror
spectroscope
objective lens
prism
A reflecting telescope produces an image using a(n) ____. CH24
concave mirror
lens
prism
antenna
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of radio telescopes over optical telescopes? CH24
Radio telescopes are less affected by atmospheric conditions.
Radio telescopes are less expensive.
Radio telescopes can operate 24 hours a day.
Radio telescopes have better resolution.
Chromatic aberration ____. CH24
blocks stars from most telescopes
weakens the images of stars
makes stars appear much larger than they are
makes images of stars appear sideways
Stars of which color have the highest surface temperature? CH25
red
orange
yellow
blue
A star with a surface temperature between 5000 K and 6000 K appears ____. CH25
blue
red
yellow
white
The mass of a star can be determined by studying ____. CH25
the wavelength of light emitted by the star
the color of the star
the distance between the star and Earth
binary star systems
A light-year is approximately ____. CH25
9.5 trillion kilometers
95 trillion kilometers
150 million kilometers
150 billion kilometers
Stellar distances are usually expressed in what units? CH25
miles
kilometers
light-years
none of these
Which of the following is true about parallax? CH25
It is used to measure distances to stars.
The parallax angles of distant stars are too small to measure.
The nearest stars have the smallest parallax angles.
The measure of a star’s brightness is called its ____. CH25
magnitude
parallax
intensity
color index
If star A is farther from Earth than star B, but both stars have the same absolute magnitude, what is true about their apparent magnitude? CH25
Both stars have the same apparent magnitude.
Star A has the greater apparent magnitude.
Star B has the greater apparent magnitude.
Apparent magnitude is not related to distance.
The difference in the brightness of two stars with the same surface temperature is attributable to their ____. CH25
densities
colors
ages
sizes
Which of the following is NOT a type of nebula? CH25
reflection
emission
spiral
dark
A Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram shows the relationship between ____. CH25
absolute magnitude and apparent magnitude
temperature and absolute magnitude
parallax and temperature
apparent magnitude and parallax
About 90 percent of stars on the H-R diagram are ____. CH25
super-giants
main-sequence stars
white dwarfs
black holes
Before being engulfed, matter that is pulled into a black hole should become very hot and emit ____. CH25
infrared radiation
hydrogen nuclei
atoms
X-rays
In the movie "The Martian", Mark Watney's biggest problem with growing potatoes on Mars is...
Not enough sunlight
Not enough water
Too much CO2
Not enough root stock
Will our Sun (Sol) ever go super-nova, why or why not?
No, because it doesn't have enough mass.
No, because it is too bright
Yes, after it turns into a Red Giant
Yes, it could happen any day now
What is the major driver (controller) of climate?
The Sun
The Moon
The Atmosphere
The Hydrosphere
Why is Pluto no longer considered a planet?
It is not big enough
It doesn't have a clear orbital path
It doesn't have enough gas
It is too far distant from the Sun
