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8th Grade EOG

Total questions: 70

Worksheet time: 1hrs 9mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A(n) ______ is the preserved or mineralized remains (teeth, bones, etc.) or imprint of an organism that lived long ago.

a)

Fossil

b)

index

c)

mineral

d)

trace

2.

The fossil record gives us _____.

a)

accurate data on the number of life-forms that lived.

b)

accurate insight on how animals reproduced.

c)

information on past life and environments on Earth.

d)

information on past life and environments on Earth.

3.

Fossils of a now extinct dinosaur have been near the east coast of South America and the west coast of Africa. The dinosaur could not swim or fly. What does this suggest about the continents of South America and Africa?

a)

The continents were once connected.

b)

A land bridge once connected the continents.

c)

The same type of animals evolved on both animals.

d)

Prehistoric man transported the dinosaur between the continents.

4.

A fossil of a fern and other large-leafed plants were found in an area of Alaska. What does this suggest about this area in Alaska?

a)

A forest is now covered with snow.

b)

A farm was once located in the area.

c)

The area once had a warmer climate.

d)

Prehistoric man ate large-leafed plants.

5.

A fossil must be:

naturally formed created by organic processes very old (at least 10,000 years)


Identify the correct letter for the choices that are all definitely fossils.

a)

Dinosaur tracks, Mammoth found in ice, Seashells found in limestone

b)

Imprints of rain drops, Trilobite shells, Mud cracks

c)

Egyptian Mummy, Ancient Pottery, Worm borings in sandstone

d)

Stone Age tools, Giant shark teeth, Seashells found on a beach

6.

Which type of fossil can provide clues about the activities of ancient organisms?

a)

trace fossils

b)

remains preserved in amber

c)

carbon films

d)

molds and casts

7.

Fossilized tracks of dinosaurs have been found when layers of rock have eroded and exposed the prints. When analyzed, what can these tracks tell us about the creature that made them?

a)

how many legs the animal had

b)

how long the animal lived

c)

what the animal’s height was

d)

what the animal ate

8.

Which fossil is considered the oldest in the cross section shown?

a)

armored fish

b)

early horses

c)

trilobites

d)

dinosaurs

9.

An archaeologist is digging through the rock layers and finds an index fossil in Layer B.

This fossil will help him do which of the following?

a)

determine the minerals found in Layer B

b)

determine the age of the rock in Layer B

c)

determine the type of rock in Layer B

d)

determine the thickness of Layer B

10.

Based on the given rock and fossil evidence in the diagram to the right, which two letters most likely indicate parts of the same layers.

a)

A & F

b)

B & D

c)

C & E

d)

D & A

11.
Which of the following orders the rock layers accurately from youngest to oldest?
a)
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
b)
5, 4, 3, 2, 1
c)
2, 3, 4, 5, 1
d)
1, 2, 3, 5, 4
12.
Which of the following is the oldest?
a)
Layer L
b)
Intrusion D
c)
Intrusion H
d)
Layer E
13.
Which best explains how a virus affects other organisms?
a)
Viruses increase the survival of other organisms.
b)
Viruses immediately destroy all cells they come in contact with.
c)
Viruses live and reproduce in between the cells of other organisms.
d)
Viruses invade the cells of other organisms, using them to reproduce.
14.
Which is true about viruses?
a)
Each virus has its own seasonal activity.Viruses increase the survival of other organisms.
b)
Each virus is transmitted through the air.
c)
Each virus has its own shape and structure.
d)
Each virus is transmitted through poor sanitation
15.
How do viruses cause disease?
a)
by secreting toxins
b)
by producing excess waste
c)
by damaging or killing cells
d)
by competing with healthy cells for nutrients
16.
The Anopheles mosquito transmits the parasite Plasmodium to humans. Plasmodium causes malaria. In this situation, which is the vector of the disease?
a)
Anopheles mosquito
b)
Plasmodium
c)
human
d)
malaria
17.
Which would most likely contribute to antimicrobial resistance?
a)
an increased number of health care facilities
b)
overcrowding and poor sanitation in urban areas
c)
creation of new varieties of vaccinations and medicines
d)
providing more education and training for medical 
18.
Which is the easiest way for a person to prevent microbial infections?
a)
Avoid contact with animals.
b)
Isolate themselves at home.
c)
Sterilize everything in the home.
d)
Wash hands frequently with hot water and soap.
19.
Which is the most likely reason for a decline in antibiotic use?
a)
Antibiotics have severe health side effects.
b)
Companies find antibiotics too expensive to produce.
c)
Most health insurance does not cover treatment with antibiotics.
d)
Bacterial infections have become resistant to present antibiotic treatment.
20.
Which characteristic makes bacteria suitable for scientific research of disease?
a)
They are multicellular.
b)
They reproduce rapidly.
c)
They keep virus populations under control.
d)
They grow in four stages allowing growth control.
21.
Which best explains why more than 300 million people in Asia are infected with malaria each year?
a)
There is no way to protect people against the disease.
b)
The parasites that cause malaria lack the ability to resist antibiotics.
c)
The house fly contaminates food with infectious bacteria that cause malaria.
d)
Mosquitos are becoming resistant to insecticides and continue to carry the disease.
22.
How does the reproductive potential of bacteria affect illnesses caused by bacteria?
a)
long generation time results in many bacteria
b)
short generation time results in many bacteria
c)
long generation time results in only a few bacteria
d)
short generation time results in only a few bacteria
23.
Which best explains why antibiotics are ineffective in treating viral infections?
a)
Viruses destroy the antibiotic.
b)
Antibiotics only kill living cells.
c)
Antibiotics increase the rate of viral growth.
d)
Viruses escape antibiotics by hiding in cells.
24.

A group of similar organisms that can mate and produce offspring.

a)

evolution

b)

butterflies

c)

species

d)

adaptations

25.

change over time, a process by which modern species have descended from ancient organisms.

a)

extinction

b)

evolution

c)

keystone species

d)

meiosis

26.

The organisms best adapted to the environment are the most likely to survive.

a)

Natural Selection

b)

Natural Extinction

c)

Homologous Structures

d)

variation

27.

Structures that are similar in different species, likely inherited from a common ancestor.

a)

Scientific Theory

b)

Punctuated Equilibrium

c)

Homologous Structures

d)

Fossils

28.

Differences between organisms of the same species.

a)

keystone species

b)

homologous structures

c)

variation

d)

selections

29.
The gradual change in species over time is...
a)
Evolution
b)
Nucleotide 
c)
Adaptation
d)
Natural Selection
30.
Which of the following species is extinct?
a)
woolly mammoth
b)
giant panda
c)
bald eagle
d)
green sea turtle
31.
How much of Earth's water is unavailable for humans to consume due to its high salinity? 
a)
3%
b)
23%
c)
77%
d)
97%
32.
Why must humans clean water before using it? 
a)
Humans are unable to digest untreated river water
b)
River water is free of any contaminant or pollutants
c)
Untreated river water is brown and humans prefer clear water
d)
Clear water may contain contaminants that could harm humans
33.
How does the amount of water circulating in the water cycle change?
a)
The amount of water remains constant
b)
The amount of water increases each time it rains
c)
he amount of water decreases and then increases each day
d)
The amount of water decreases every time evaporation occurs
34.

How is freshwater treatment different from wastewater treatment?

a)

Freshwater contains oils and vitamins needed for health

b)

wastewater is not treated after use to protect the environment

c)

Wastewater removes pollution to make potable water

d)

Wastewater is treated after use to protect the environment

35.

Which statement best describes how estuaries are positive environment for animals and plants

a)

They flood regularly destroying organisms' habitat

b)

They provide a safe hatchery full of nutrients and food

c)

They dry up each summer stranding organisms in shallow water

d)

hold high numbers of predators to feed off young organisms

36.
How is the intertidal zone different from the open ocean environment?
a)
Conditions in the intertidal zone remain constant
b)
The intertidal zone's conditions constantly change
c)
The open ocean is the shallowest zone in the ocean
d)
the conditions in the open ocean change continually
37.
Why is nitrogen gas important to the health of the ocean and its organisms?
a)
It is needed to make amino acids, proteins, and DNA
b)
It is the main gas needed for photosynthesis
c)
is needed to produce energy during cellular respiration
d)
Hard-shelled organism need it to make their shells.
38.
How does mining on the ocean floor negatively affect the surrounding ecosystems?
a)
High turbidity clog the gills of ocean organisms
b)
Heavy metals in the food chain causing fish to weigh more.
c)
Increase in suspended solids cover fish make them invisible
d)
Suspended solids in water blind organisms
39.
How does warmer temperature affect plants living in the ecosystem? 
a)
holds less solids, allowing pants to grow year round
b)
Holds less gases, making plants to use gas stores in cells
c)
Holds more oxygen, letting plants conduct photosynthesis
d)
Holds more solids, blocks sunlight, and stops photosynthesis
40.
How can a change in the pH of water affect the ecosystem
a)
Higher pH levels suffocates fish and causes them to die
b)
Lower pH levels creates a healthier environment for fish
c)
Change in pH affect which biological &chemical process occur
d)
pH levels changes the temperature of water
41.
What does the picture show?
a)
A Food Web
b)
An Ecosystem
c)
A Food Chain
d)
A nice scenery
42.

Where does the food chain START?

a)

with consumers that eat grass

b)

with the sun giving energy to producers

c)

with the sun giving energy to consumers

d)

with consumers eating other consumers

43.

Breaks down and feeds on the remains of other organisms

a)

decomposer

b)

consumer

c)

producer

44.

An oak tree is a/an...

a)

Producer

b)

Primary Consumer

c)

Secondary Consumer

d)

Decomposer

45.

Biomes have which of the following in common? (You can choose more than one)

a)

Plants

b)

Animals

c)

Climate

d)

Terrain

46.
The place where an organism lives is its _________.
a)
habitat
b)
abiotic
c)
ecosystem
d)
community
47.
All of the nonliving parts of an ecosystem are _______.
a)
biography
b)
biotic
c)
abiotic
d)
biology
48.
What is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance by physical or chemical means. Ex: Gold, Silver, Oxygen, & Nitrogen
a)
element
b)
compound
c)
mixture
d)
salad
49.
What is a  pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio. Ex: CO2 has a set ratio of 1:2, meaning for every one carbon atom there are two oxygen atoms.
a)
element
b)
compound
c)
mixture
d)
salad
50.
What is an atom which has gained or last electrons called?
a)
isotope
b)
atom
c)
ion
d)
balanced
51.
What type of property can only be observed by changing the substance into a new substance. Ex: Flammability, oxidation
a)
chemical
b)
physical
52.
What type of mixture contains visible parts (like a salad or a pizza or granite)
a)
homogenous
b)
heterogenous
53.
What is matter
a)
Anything which is solid
b)
Anything that takes up space and has mass
c)
when something is wrong
54.
Gold is an example of a(n) 
a)
pure element
b)
pure compound
c)
pure mixture
55.
Air is an example of a(n)
a)
element
b)
compound
c)
heterogenous mixture
d)
homogenous mixture
56.
In a mixture items can be separated __________
a)
chemically
b)
physically
57.
On the Periodic Table each element increases by one _________
a)
electron
b)
proton
c)
neutron
d)
letter
58.
The element Tellurium has the atomic mass of 127.60 and its atomic number is 52. How many neutrons are in the element Tellurium?
a)
179.60
b)
127.60
c)
52
d)
76
59.
Which particle does not contribute mass to the atom?
a)
Proton
b)
Neutron
c)
Electron
d)
Nucleus
60.
A pattern of eating that includes how much, what, and how often a person eats.
a)
Metabolism
b)
Diet
c)
Calories
d)
Vitamins 
61.
Nutrients that build and repair tissues and cells e.g. meat, milk, eggs.
a)
Fat
b)
Minerals
c)
Vitamins
d)
Protein
62.
Elements essential for good health. e.g. Calcium, Iron, Potassium 
a)
Protein
b)
Fat
c)
Minerals
d)
Carbohydrates
63.
The process of converting the energy in food into energy the body can use.
a)
Metabolism
b)
Diet
c)
Digestion
d)
Calories
64.
The body uses this to carry nutrients and waste. It also helps joints move smoothly.
a)
Fat
b)
Water
c)
Minerals
d)
Vitamin 
65.
Organic compounds that control several body functions. e.g. A, C, K
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Metabolism
c)
Vitamins
d)
Digestion
66.
Which best describes a fossil that helps determine the relative age of a rock layer?
a)
trace fossil
b)
index fossil
c)
radioactive fossil
d)
unconformity fossil
67.
What role do faults play in the Law of Superposition?
a)
Faults create new types of rock.
b)
Faults are younger than the layers they cut through.
c)
Faults are the same age as the layers they cut through.
68.

Which are most closely related to biotechnology?

a)

medicine and agriculture

b)

construction and engineering

c)

water treatment and electricity generation

d)

communication and information technology

69.

Which is a concern of scientists when genetically modifying plants?

a)

Plants will pass on diseases to animals.

b)

There will be a decrease in biodiversity.

c)

Plants will have a longer growing season.

d)

There will be a decrease in revenue for pesticide manufacturers.

70.

How does biotechnology most likely affect North Carolina’s population?

a)

Jobs are created and attract more people to the area.

b)

Research advancement causes people in need of medicines to move to the area.

c)

People are not concerned with biotechnology so the overall population is not impacted.

d)

The issue causes controversy and people hesitate to live in a state where a large amount of research takes place.

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