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WorksheetsHUGE 8th GRADE REVIEW!!!!
Total questions: 68
Worksheet time: 3hrs 51mins
The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none; or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us to implicate ourselves by artificial ties in the ordinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the ordinary combinations and collisions of her friendships or enmities. . . . Why, by interweaving our destiny with that of any part of Europe, entangle our peace and prosperity in the toils of European ambition, rivalship, interest, humor, or caprice.
George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796
In his farewell address, how did George Washington attempt to influence the foreign policy of the United States?
He advised the nation to favor those countries with commercial ties to the United States
He encouraged politicians to promote a foreign policy of imperialism
He recommended a policy of neutrality with other nations
He advocated for an alliance with European nations
It shall be lawful for the President of the United States . . . to order all such aliens as he shall judge dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States . . . to depart out of the territory of the United States . . . The Alien Friends Act, June 25, 1798
If any person shall write, print, utter, or publish . . . scandalous and malicious writing or writings against the government of the United States . . . they shall be punished by a fine . . . and by imprisonment. The Sedition Act, July 14, 1798
How did the XYZ Affair and the passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts affect American politics?
Legislation was passed that limited U.S. citizens′ First Amendment rights
Legislation was passed that increased the power of the state governments
Legislation was passed that limited the power of the president during wartime
Legislation was passed that expanded voting rights to newly immigrated citizens
The British Empire drove the French out of nearly all of North America with its victory in the Seven Years′ War, 1756–1763, also known as the French and Indian War. Tensions remained between the British and the American Indians on the frontier following the war. As an attempt at compromise, the British government issued the Proclamation of 1763, forbidding the settlement of British colonists west of the Appalachian Mountains.
How did this proclamation contribute to colonial unrest leading up to the Revolutionary War?
Colonists wanted to settle in the Ohio Valley and lands farther west
Colonists felt that the British had abandoned them in North America
Colonists who had fought with the French were angry over their defeat
Colonists were unhappy with British aggression toward American Indians
That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom. Emancipation Proclamation by Abraham Lincoln, 1863
How did the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation affect U.S. relations with Britain and France?
Britain and France became more reluctant to formally help the Confederacy
Britain and France became involved in supporting the Underground Railroad to Canada
Britain and France offered to allow all former slaves to immigrate to their countries
Britain and France sent their navies to blockade Southern ports to stop the slave trade
How did the end of the War of 1812 affect American society?
Reform movements demanding the return of American Indian lands sprang up around the United States
Americans celebrated their British heritage and looked to British culture for inspiration in the arts and sciences
Americans expressed national pride and a sense of victory during the Era of Good Feelings
New social welfare programs to aid war veterans initiated broader movements to improve the lives of the urban poor
The distinction between Virginians, Pennsylvanians, New Yorkers, and New Englanders, [is] no more. I am not a Virginian, but an American.
Patrick Henry, 1774 speech during the First Continental Congress
What conclusion can be drawn from Patrick Henry’s speech regarding the perspective of colonial Americans?
By 1774, a growing number of Colonists viewed themselves as being part of a unique social and political entity different from Britain.
By 1774, the majority of Colonists viewed themselves as citizens of the whole British Empire, making differences between the colonies insignificant
By 1774, Colonists recognized that a powerful centralized national government must be created with three branches in order to gain independence
By 1774, the political and social values of Colonists became so similar that establishing a set of national values regarding institutions such as slavery became necessary.
It is impossible that the allied powers should extend their political system to any portion of either continent without endangering our peace and happiness; nor can anyone believe that our southern brethren, if left to themselves, would adopt it of their own accord.
Address to Congress by James Monroe, December 2, 1823
How did the Monroe Doctrine set the direction of U.S. foreign policy?
The United States vowed to boycott all goods from nations that were at war.
The United States became more involved in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere
The United States vowed to no longer support leaders that violated human rights
The United States committed itself to intervene in conflicts between European and African nations
With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation’s wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphan—to do all which may achieve and cherish a just, and a lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all nations.
Second Inaugural Address by Abraham Lincoln, March 4, 1865
How did President Abraham Lincoln plan to support Reconstruction when he delivered his second inaugural address?
by prohibiting former Confederates from participating in the government
by punishing the Southern secessionists who became traitors
by allowing slavery to remain in the states where it already existed
by hastening the restoration of the Union without harsh punishments
That if any person shall write, print, utter. . . any false, scandalous and malicious writing or writings against the government of the United States, or either house of the Congress of the United States, or the President of the United States, with intent to defame the said government . . . then such person, being thereof convicted before any court of the United States having jurisdiction thereof, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding two thousand dollars, and by imprisonment not exceeding two years.
The Sedition Act of 1798
Based on the excerpt, which statement explains an effect of passage of the Sedition Act?
Public criticism of government was prohibited
It became more difficult for new immigrants to vote
The president gained new powers to deport foreigners
The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was protected
How did the U.S. government respond to conflicts over slavery before the Civil War?
by granting the right to vote to all citizens
by granting all residents of a state citizenship
by passing a series of compromises to appease citizens
by protecting privacy rights and preventing illegal searches
How did the Great Migration affect American society?
African-American people created a new urban culture in the North.
The South promoted progressive laws and economic opportunities.
Racism and prejudice were less prevalent across the United States
The African-American population increased in southern coastal cities
What does the chart indicate about unemployment and economic stability in North Carolina, compared to the United States, from January 2007 to October 2011?
Unemployment rates were higher in North Carolina than in the United States, while state and national economies were unstable.
Unemployment rates were the same in both North Carolina and the United States, while state and national economies were stable
Unemployment rates decreased more quickly in North Carolina than in the United States, while state and national economies were stable.
Unemployment rates steadily increased in North Carolina and steadily decreased in the United States, while state and national economies were unstable.
A Declaration of Rights made by the Representatives of the Freemen of the State of North Carolina.
Section I. That all political power is vested in and derived from the People only.
Section II. That the people of this State ought to have the sole and exclusive Right of regulating the internal Government and Police thereof.
North Carolina Declaration of Rights, December 17, 1776 Courtesy of Documenting the American South, UNC Library
Which democratic ideal summarizes this excerpt from North Carolina’s original constitution?
federalism
rule of law
separation of powers
popular sovereignty
All bills shall be read three times in each house and shall be signed by the presiding officer of each house before being presented to the Governor. If the Governor approves, the Governor shall sign it and it shall become a law; but if not, the Governor shall return it with objections, together with a veto message stating the reasons for such objections, to that house in which it shall have originated, which shall enter the objections and veto message at large on its journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such reconsideration three-fifths of the members of that house present and voting shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections and veto message, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered; and if approved by three-fifths of the members of that house present and voting, it shall become a law notwithstanding the objections of the Governor.
North Carolina Constitution, Article 2, Section 22
Which democratic ideal is represented in this excerpt?
limited government
separation of powers
popular sovereignty
trial by jury of peers
Always remember that your father never sold his country. You must stop your ears whenever you are asked to sign a treaty selling your home. A few years more, and white men will be all around you. They have their eyes on this land. My son, never forget my dying words. This country holds your father’s body. Never sell the bones of your father and your mother.
“A Voice from the Old World” by Nez Perce Chief Joseph, The Dublin University Magazine, May 1879
Based on the excerpt, how did the values and beliefs of American settlers affect the lives of the Nez Perce?
The Nez Perce and other settlers made enduring treaties to share the land with American settlers
The Nez Perce and other residents of the land accepted the policies of peace with American settlers
American settlers believed in the private ownership of land and resources and took property from the American Indians
American settlers advocated sharing resources and established a long-lasting communal relationship between all cultures
The Committee are already receiving urgent appeals from women all over the United States to send them our publications. . . . a large printing fund will therefore be needed by the Committee, and we appeal first to the men of this country, who control so large a part of its wealth, to make liberal donations toward this great educational work. We also ask every thoughtful woman to send her name to the Secretary to be inserted in the Pledge Book, and if she is able, one dollar.
“An Appeal to the Women of the United States,” 1871 Courtesy of the Library of Congress, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, National American Woman Suffrage Association Collection
According to the excerpt, how did supporters of women’s suffrage campaign for change?
They created pamphlets to bring awareness to women’s voting rights
They relied on female representatives in the legislature to promote the issue
They waited for the United States to pass the Nineteenth Amendment.
They appealed only to wealthy women for financial and political support
We had nothing . . . after Captaine Smith’s departure, there remained not past sixty men, women and children, most miserable and poor creatures; and those were preserved for the most part, by roots, herbs, acornes, walnuts, berries, now and then a little fish. This was that time, which still to this day we called the starving time; it were too vile to say, and scarce to be believed, what we endured. . . .
Generall Historie of Virginia, John Smith, 1624
Based on the excerpt, how did the harsh environmental conditions affect the Jamestown Colonists?
The harsh weather brought American Indians to help the Colonists
The harsh weather both reduced and destroyed the tobacco crops
The harsh weather convinced the settlers to return to their homeland.
The harsh weather decreased the quality of life for the settlers by making it difficult to obtain enough food
Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
• only one branch of government - the legislative
• one vote per state
• no authority to regulate foreign and interstate commerce
• lack of standard currency
• no executive branch to enforce laws
• no national court system to protect individual rights
• no power to raise an army
• unanimous vote required for amendments to the Articles
How did conflicts that developed from weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation affect the political development of the United States?
They increased the power of the state governments
They accelerated the possible development of a monarchy
They prevented the government from developing a republic
They required the creation of a stronger national government.
How did migration to the Western Territory help to develop the United States?
Westward migration helped American Indians preserve their cultural identity.
Westward migration created densely populated urban and suburban areas
Westward migration encouraged civil rights legislation for slaves
Westward migration expanded industry and the national economy
I beg you to let me be one to proceed to Federal Point, and frighten Lincoln out of his [wits], if possible and if the Governor’s prediction should prove untrue and war should actually be necessary, I should be happy to bear a part, humble though it be, in defense of my country. The flag raised today contained nine stars, the last two in honor of Virginia and North Carolina. This is probably the first flag raised, on which North Carolina has been numbered with the [seceding] states.
Letter from Edward H. Armstrong to Thomas G. Armstrong, April 20, 1861 Courtesy of Documenting the American South, UNC Library
According to Armstrong’s letter, what was the primary debate occurring among the citizens of North Carolina in 1861?
whether to start a draft or not
whether to secede from the Union or not
whether to create a new flag or not
whether to abolish slavery or not
In 1830, the U.S. government forced American Indians to leave their homes in the Southeast for new territory in the West. How did this forced migration, called the “Trail of Tears,” affect the development of the United States?
At the expense of American Indians, more territory became available for white settlement
Trade increased between American Indians and the United States
There was a lasting peace between American Indians and the United States
Land disputes between the U.S. government and American Indians were resolved
FIRST — That the king is not to be trusted without being looked after, or in other words, that a thirst for absolute power is the natural disease of monarchy.
SECONDLY — That the commons, by being appointed for that purpose, are either wiser or more worthy of confidence than the crown.
Common Sense by Thomas Paine,1776
What was Thomas Paine’s main point in this excerpt from Common Sense?
He recommended that Colonists remain loyal to the king.
He thought the Colonists should rule themselves
He believed there should be multiple kings
He wanted Colonists to crown a new king
During the colonial period in British North America (1500s-1700s), the major geographic barrier to westward expansion was the
Ohio River
Great Plains
Rocky Mountains
Appalachian Mountains
The United States purchase of the Louisiana Territory in 1803 was geographically important because it
assured sole ownership of the Great Lakes
ended Spanish control of the Southwest
provided full access to the Mississippi River
allowed completion of the first railroad in California
The Mayflower Compact (1620) and the Virginia House of Burgesses (1619) are early examples o
restrictions on religious freedom
steps toward representative government
resistance to British rule
economic systems in the colonies
In writing the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson was most directly influenced by the social contract theory of
Benjamin Franklin; Albany Plan of Union
James Madison; US Constitution
John Locke; Enlightenment
Baron de Montesquieu; Monarchy Rights
One way in which the Declaration of Independence (1776) and the original United States Constitution (1789) are similar is that both documents
include a specific bill of rights
guarantee voting rights to all persons
list grievances against the British monarchy
state that government receives its power from the people
To what expedient [method], then, shall we finally resort, for maintaining in practice the necessary partition of power among the several departments, as laid down in the Constitution? The only answer that can be given is, that as all these exterior provisions are found to be inadequate, the defect must be supplied, by so contriving the interior structure of the government as that its several constituent parts may, by their mutual relations, be the means of keeping each other in their proper places. . . .
— The Federalist No. 51, 1788
Which principle of the United States Constitution is most directly described in this passage?
States rights
checks and balances
the elastic clause
federalism
Most of the amendments to the United States Constitution have dealt with
expanding the powers of the presidency
setting immigration restrictions
strengthening the authority of state governments
guaranteeing civil and political rights
Alexander Hamilton believed that creation of the Bank of the United States would help the nation’s economy by
loaning money to monopolies
prohibiting foreign investment in United States businesses
reducing tariffs on foreign imports
providing for a stable currency
What was one result of the Supreme Court’s decision in Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)?
Sectional tension increased
The slave trade was abolished
Northern states were more willing to compromise
Southern states immediately seceded from the Union
A major goal of the Monroe Doctrine (1823) was to
encourage immigration from Latin American nations
strengthen the national commitment to Manifest Destiny
prevent further European colonization in the Western Hemisphere
improve trade opportunities with Asian nations
Which event most directly contributed to the growth of New York City as the nation’s leading trade center
use of steamboats on the Mississippi River
opening of the Erie Canal
construction of the National Road
passage of the Pacific Railway Act
In the late 1800s, major industrialists formed trusts as a way to
secure government loans
negotiate more effectively with labor unions
influence lawmakers to lower taxes
limit competition
What was a goal of Progressive Era reforms such as recall, referendum, and the direct primary?
supporting third-party candidates
increasing citizens’ control of their government
establishing term limits for congressmen
reducing campaign spending
One major goal of President Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points (1918) was to
collect war reparations for the United States
maintain United States naval superiority
punish the nations that started World War I
create a League of Nations to prevent future wars
Which United States foreign policy was most often used to carry out the actions shown on the map?
Roosevelt Corollary and Big Stick Policy to the Monroe Doctrine
Wilson's Fourteen Points
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Open Door
Which development was a major result of the 1956 Interstate Highway Act?
revitalization of family farms
migration to the suburbs
population shift to the Northeast
higher unemployment for the nation’s autoworkers
Which statement best expresses a common belief among nativists in the late 1800s and early 1900s?
“Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses.”
“The streets are paved with gold.”
“All immigrants strengthen America.”
“America is for Americans.”
In the period from 1860 to 1890, which experience was shared by most Native Americans living in western states?
They maintained control of their traditional lands.
They benefited economically from government policy.
They became farmers and small business owners.
They were forced to live on reservations.
Which Progressive Era muckraker’s book led to the passage of the Meat Inspection Act?
Jacob Riis’s How the Other Half Lives
Lincoln Steffens’s The Shame of the Cities
Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle
Frank Norris’s The Octopus
“You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns. You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of
gold.”
– William Jennings Bryan
What was Bryan’s message in his famous “Cross of Gold” speech during the Election of 1896?
The United States should adopt the gold standard.
The United States should adopt a laissez-fair attitude about backing its money.
The United States should use crosses to back its money.
The United States should adopt bimetallism.
“The growth of a large business is merely survival of the fittest. The American beauty rose can be produced in the
splendor and fragrance which bring cheer to its beholder only by sacrificing the early buds which grow up around it. This is not an evil tendency in business. It is merely the working out of a law of nature and a law of God....”
— John D. Rockefeller, Jr.
Which concept is described by this passage?
communism
Populism
utopian socialism
Social Darwinism
What was a guiding principle of the New Deal economic policies?
Pro-business tax breaks would solve the problems associated with urban poverty.
Antitrust legislation would destroy the free market economy of the United States.
Rugged individualism must be allowed to solve social inequality.
Government must assume more responsibility for helping the poor.
Which initiative was part of President Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society program?
providing medical care to the poor and elderly
reducing federal aid to education
increasing foreign aid to the Soviet Union
opposing civil rights legislation
Which is an accurate statement concerning the 1954 Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education?
It was rejected by the vast majority of Northern States.
It created the legal precedent that segregation, by its very nature, was unequal.
It showed that the judicial branch was less powerful than the other branches of government.
It had little impact on United States customs and traditions.
Which two philosophies dominated the thinking of most political and business leaders during the late 19th century in the United States?
social Darwinism and laissez-faire
utopian socialism and the social gospel
populism and pragmatism
communism and anarchism
The purpose of these headlines was to build public support for
efforts to defend the Panama Canal
the annexation of Cuba
an end to the policy of imperialism
the war against Spain
The Patriot Act, monitoring American citizens, was a direct result of which event?
Oklahoma City bombing on April 17, 1995
terrorist actions on September 11, 2001
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
Vietnam War
Which event most influenced President Woodrow Wilson’s decision to enter World War I?
defeat of Russia by Germany
assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
raids by Mexico on the southwestern United States
renewal of unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany
Who was president during the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Nixon
Kennedy
Ford
Reagan
What was a major result of the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944 (GI Bill)?
Millions of veterans received a college education.
Women kept their factory jobs after World War II.
Jobs were created by the Manhattan Project.
Veterans were exempted from gasoline rationing.
Which of the following is true about the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
extended free speech protections for students while in school
increased the number of eligible voters
helped overcome discrimination against certain groups
slowed down the construction of public buildings
Which department of the federal government would deal with terrorist threats made against the United States?
Department of Labor
Department of Secruity
Department of Homeland
Department of Agriculture
Which statement is best supported by information in the chart?
The candidate selected by a majority of the population won the presidency.
The popular vote is not the deciding factor in winning the presidency.
Candidates must campaign in all states to win a presidential election.
The Electoral College system was abolished after this election.
What could the Congress do to help the economy recover from an economic recession?
Decrease taxes and lower interest rates
Increase interest rates and decrease money supply
Decrease the money supply and increase interest rates
Increase government spending and decrease taxation
What is the impact of agreements such as NAFTA and the European Union?
Barriers are reduced to encourage trade.
Barriers are eliminated to discourage trade.
Barriers are increased to discourage trade.
Barriers remain the same to encourage trade.
The United Nations was created mainly to
prevent globalization
work for international peace
stop the spread of disease
establish democratic governments
Which is not a cause of the Dust Bowl?
high winds
severe drought
over-cultivated land
overuse of machines
For American farming, the years 1921 to 1929 were a period of:
Increase in the size of the farming population
Rapid inflation in the price of farmland
Low prices for agricultural products
Increased government subsidization
The assembly-line production of Henry Ford’s Model T automobile resulted in which of the following by the end of the 1920s?
A sharp decrease in railroad passenger traffic
The federal government’s abandonment of research on air travel
The development of a large international market for American automobile
Widespread purchase of automobiles by average American families
Which amendment gave women the right to vote?
13th
18th
19th
21st
Which heading would be most appropriate for the partial outline below?
1. Wages lagging behind the cost of living
2. Overproduction of consumer goods
3. Excessive buying on credit
Mercantilist Economic Theory
Causes of World War I
Monopolistic Business Practices
Causes of the Great Depression
What region was most affected by the Dust Bowl?
Midwest
Northeast
Pacific NorthWest
Southeast
Which statement best illustrates a basic idea of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal?
Communism provides the only real solution to economic problems
Unemployed workers should rely on the states rather than the federal government for help
The United States reached its economic peak in the 1920s and is now a declining industrial power
The economy sometimes needs public money to encourage business activity
All of the following concerns were addressed during the “Hundred Days” of the New Deal EXCEPT:
Banking regulations
Unemployment relief
Court restructuring
Agricultural adjustment
New Deal programs such as the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and the Works Progress Administration (WPA) were primarily intended to help:
Farmers
Homeowners
Businesses
Unemployed workers
What ended the Great Depression?
New Deal
World War II
Korean War
Vietnam War
