_______:both members benefit from the interaction

One organism can hamper or prevent the growth/survival of another without being affected by the other organism

One organism benefits while the other is harmed slightly or may be killed

One organism benefits, and the other is neither harmed nor helped

Newborns’ first contact to microbes in ________

When balance is interrupted—microbes of the normal flora can become opportunistic pathogens

· Normal Flora consists of resident flora ONLY

These organisms do not cause disease in their normal habitat in a healthy person

Transient flora:

Presence of microbes in or on the body

The microorganism has to gain entry into the host and its tissue. Does not necessarily cause disease.

from outside the body

organism is already in the body (e.g., normal flora)

Portal of entry for pathogens present in food, liquid, and other ingested substances

Most frequently used portal of entry

Usually good barrier against infectious agents

Some microbes can cross placenta and infect the embryo or fetus causing..... (select all that apply)

__________:is the degree of pathogenicity or disease-provoking power of a specific microbe.

is related to the number of microorganisms, portal of entry, host defense, intrinsic characteristic of organism, and virulence factors

Underlying mechanism by which microorganisms produce disease

endtoxins are released during

exotoxins are released during

May result from the use of medical procedures, such as the use of catheters, invasive diagnostic procedures, and surgery

Caused by pathogens in the healthcare environment. Shed by sick people.

Caused by microbes in the normal flora of the patient. Become pathogenic due to a variety of factors. Immune system decline perhaps d/t Antimicrobial drugs. Overgrowth and superinfections can occur.