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Ch7 Bone Structure and Function: Ossification

Total questions: 48

Worksheet time: 24mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

When does ossification begin and end?

a)

6th week of embryo and ends at age 40

b)

Conception and ends at age 40

c)

At birth and ends at 18

d)

at 5 years old and 26

2.

The skeleton in an embryo begins as cartilage molds of fibrous connective tissue membranes

a)

True

b)

False

3.

What are the types of ossification processes?

a)

Endochondral ossification

b)

Intramembraneous ossification

c)

Exochondral ossification

d)

Extramembraneous ossification

4.

This ossifications forms most of the long bones of the body

a)

Endochondral ossification

b)

Intramembraneous ossification

c)

Exochondral ossification

d)

Extramembraneous ossification

5.

This ossifications it begins as a small avascular caritlage mold that is shaped like a bone and becomes a large solid bone with structural details

a)

Endochondral ossification

b)

Intramembraneous ossification

c)

Exochondral ossification

d)

Extramembraneous ossification

6.

This ossifications forms mostly the flat bones like skulls, mandible, clavicle...

a)

Endochondral ossification

b)

Intramembraneous ossification

c)

Exochondral ossification

d)

Extramembraneous ossification

7.

This ossifications begins at 8th week of development and is complete by 2 years of age

a)

Endochondral ossification

b)

Intramembraneous ossification

c)

Exochondral ossification

d)

Extramembraneous ossification

8.

This ossifications begins as thin fibrous connective tissue membranes that cover the organs to protect them and become solid bone plates with all structural details

a)

Endochondral ossification

b)

Intramembraneous ossification

c)

Exochondral ossification

d)

Extramembraneous ossification

9.

What disorder has a gene mutation that lack cartilage growth in the epiphyseal plate so the arm and legs stop growing causes diproportionate body

a)

Achondroplastic dwarfism (most common)

b)

Osteoporosis

c)

Osteopenia

d)

Osteomyelitis

10.

How do bones grow

a)

Interstitial growth (length)

b)

Appositional growth (thickness)

c)

Interstitial growth (thickness)

d)

Appositional growth (length)

11.

Where would you find the epiphyseal plate

a)

Interstitial growth (length)

b)

Appositional growth (thickness)

c)

Interstitial growth (thickness)

d)

Appositional growth (length)

12.

In interstitial growth, during early childhood years what adds to the length of the bone

a)

Epiphyseal plate

b)

Epiphyseal line

c)

Marfan Syndrome

d)

Medullar Cavity

13.

At the end of puberty, cartilage in the Epiphyseal plate becomes ossified because the bone stops growing and ______________appears indicating closure of grwoth

a)

Epiphyseal plate

b)

Epiphyseal line

c)

Marfan Syndrome

d)

Medullar Cavity

14.

What genetic disorder is weak connective tissue. The blood vessels breakdown and there is excessive epiphyseal cartilage which give extra long and disaproportionate limbs

a)

Achondroplastic dwarfism (most common)

b)

Osteoporosis

c)

Marfans Syndrome

d)

Osteomyelitis

15.

In this type of growth the bones become thicker

a)

Interstitial growth (length)

b)

Appositional growth (thickness)

c)

Interstitial growth (thickness)

d)

Appositional growth (length)

16.

In a long bone...what needs to happen during bone growth

a)

New tissue needs to be added on the surface of diaphysis

b)

Tissue in the center needs to be broken down to increase medullary cavity

c)

The epiphyseal plate in Cartilage grows

d)

The epiphyseal plate becomes ossified

17.

In a long bone...what needs to happen during bone growth

a)

New tissue needs to be added on the surface of diaphysis

b)

Tissue in the center needs to be broken down to increase medullary cavity

c)

The epiphyseal plate in Cartilage grows

d)

The epiphyseal plate becomes ossified

18.

During bone growth (thickness) in the __________ osteoprogenitor cells divide to form new osteoblasts and deposit new matrix and form new osteocytes and new tissue formed on the outside.

a)

Periosteum (membrane covering outer surface of bone)

b)

Endosteum (membrane covering outer surface of bone)

c)

Periosteum (membrane lining the medullary cavity)

d)

Endosteum (membrane lining the medullary cavity)

19.

During bone growth (thickness) in the __________ osteoclasts breakdown matrix around medullary cavity which equals a larger medullary cavity..

a)

Periosteum (membrane covering outer surface of bone)

b)

Endosteum (membrane covering outer surface of bone)

c)

Periosteum (membrane lining the medullary cavity)

d)

Endosteum (membrane lining the medullary cavity)

20.

What types of adjustment does bone go through ?

a)

Growth: during fetal development, early childhood and early puberty

b)

Remodeling: maintenance of bones during adulthood

c)

Vitamin D

d)

Hormone therapy

21.

What are some factors that affect growth and remodeling

a)

Minerals: obtained through food or pills that increase osteoblast activity. If taken as kid affect bone health as adult

b)

Vitamins: Vit D3, Vitamin C, vitamin B12, Vitamin A

c)

Hormones

d)

Exercise

e)

Sleep

22.

What vitamins are needed for bone growth and remodeling

a)

Vitamin D3: needed to produce calcitriol used for Ca abssorption

b)

Vitamin C : needed for making new collagen fibers of the matrix

c)

Vitamin B12: affects energy production

d)

Vitamin A which increases Osteoblasts activity

23.

What is the Human growth hormone (hGH)?

a)

it is secreted by the pituitary gland

b)

Responsible for growth during fetal stage, kid, and puberty

c)

It declines in later part of puberty and remains low in adulthood

d)

exposure to UV makes Vitamin D3

e)

Secreted by parathyroid glands

24.

What giantism

a)

Hypersecretion of Human growth hormone (hGH) as kid

b)

Hyposecretion of Human growth hormone (hGH) as kid

c)

Hypersecrtion as adult, results in acromengaly: larger and thicker forehead, larger jaws and hands

25.

What is pituitary dwarfism

a)

Hypersecretion of Human growth hormone (hGH) as kid

b)

Hyposecretion of Human growth hormone (hGH) as kid

c)

Hypersecrtion as adult, results in acromengaly: larger and thicker forehead, larger jaws and hands

26.

Results in Acromengaly: thicker and larger forhead, jaws, and hands

a)

Hypersecretion of Human growth hormone (hGH) as kid

b)

Hyposecretion of Human growth hormone (hGH) as kid

c)

Hypersecrtion as adult, results in acromengaly: larger and thicker forehead, larger jaws and hands

27.

What is secreted by parathyroid glands and facilitates transfer of ca from bones to blood

a)

Human Growth Hormone: hGH

b)

Calcitriol makes vitamin D3

c)

Calcitonin

d)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

e)

Sex Hormones

28.

Moderate increase of______ encourages growth, but further increases stimualtes ossification of epiphyseal plate (growth stops)

a)

Human Growth Hormone: hGH

b)

Calcitriol makes vitamin D3

c)

Calcitonin

d)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

e)

Sex Hormones

29.

This factor of bone growth and remodeling stimulates osteoblasts which increases the matrix and makes thicker bones...but if you stop...it demineralizes and weakens the bones....like bedridden patients

a)

Minerals: obtained through food or pills that increase osteoblast activity. If taken as kid affect bone health as adult

b)

Vitamins: Vit D3, Vitamin C, vitamin B12, Vitamin A

c)

Hormones

d)

Exercise

e)

Sleep

30.

There is too much mineralization which causes formation of thick bones that may affect movement (in bone growth and remodeling)

a)

Spurs

b)

Osteoporosis

c)

Osteopenia

d)

Osteomyelitis

31.

This is age related loss of bone mass due to decreased osteoblasts activity (in bone growth and remodeling)

a)

Spurs

b)

Osteoporosis

c)

Osteopenia

d)

Osteomyelitis

32.

When does osteoporosis begin

a)

Females: starts after 30 increases at 40-45 at menopause

b)

Males at 60 when testosterone gradually declines

c)

Females at 60 when estrogen gradually declines

d)

Males: never...only in women

33.

This fracture is due to trauma like a fall, sports

a)

Fracture

b)

Stress Fracture

c)

Osteo Fracture

d)

Pathologic Fracture

34.

This fracture is due to disease that may weaken the bones like cancer or osteoporosis

a)

Fracture

b)

Stress Fracture

c)

Osteo Fracture

d)

Pathologic Fracture

35.

In this fracture the bone is only partially broken

a)

Partial/Incomplete fracture

b)

Complete fracture

c)

Simple/Closed Fracture

d)

Compound/Open Fracture

36.

In this fracture the bone is broken into 2 pieces

a)

Partial/Incomplete fracture

b)

Complete fracture

c)

Simple/Closed Fracture

d)

Compound/Open Fracture

37.

In this fracture the bone is when the bone does not break the skin

a)

Partial/Incomplete fracture

b)

Complete fracture

c)

Simple/Closed Fracture

d)

Compound/Open Fracture

38.

In this fracture the bone is when the bone breaks through the skin

a)

Partial/Incomplete fracture

b)

Complete fracture

c)

Simple/Closed Fracture

d)

Compound/Open Fracture

39.

In this fracture bone is broken into several small pieces

a)

Comminuted fracture

b)

Greenstick fracture

c)

Impacted fracture

d)

Displaced fracture

40.

In this fracture bone bends and partially cracked (common in kids

a)

Comminuted fracture

b)

Greenstick fracture

c)

Impacted fracture

d)

Displaced fracture

41.

In this fracture bone when one piece of the bone is forced into the other

a)

Comminuted fracture

b)

Greenstick fracture

c)

Impacted fracture

d)

Displaced fracture

42.

In this fracture bone when bone breaks and moves away from normal location

a)

Comminuted fracture

b)

Greenstick fracture

c)

Impacted fracture

d)

Displaced fracture

43.

What happens with age in the skeleton

a)

Decrease in collagen fibers that make bones brittle

b)

Decrease osteoblast activity causes slow healing

c)

Vertebrae and intervebral discs compress cause decreased healing

44.

In this age related disorder there is a decreased activity of osteoblasts that reduces ossification so bone become thinner and weaker. Leads to osteoporosis.

a)

Osteopenia

b)

Osteomyelitis

c)

Osteosarcoma

d)

Chondrosarcoma

e)

Osteoporosis

45.

In this disorder there is an inflammation of bones due to bacteria that causes severe pain in bones...can be treated with antiobiotic

a)

Osteopenia

b)

Osteomyelitis

c)

Osteosarcoma

d)

Chondrosarcoma

e)

Osteoporosis

46.

Disorder: cancer of bone tissue

a)

Osteopenia

b)

Osteomyelitis

c)

Osteosarcoma

d)

Chondrosarcoma

e)

Osteoporosis

47.

Disorder: cancer of cartilage

a)

Osteopenia

b)

Osteomyelitis

c)

Osteosarcoma

d)

Chondrosarcoma

e)

Osteoporosis

48.

What bones are produced through intramembraneous ossification

a)

Flat bones of skull

b)

Mandible

c)

Vertebrae

d)

Maxilla

e)

Upper and lower limbs

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