The toxic condition caused by the multiplication of bacteria in the blood is referred to as:

When microorganisms enter the circulatory system through lympathic drainage and cause an infection the condition is called:

Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease and rare complication due to:

All of the following are considered to be zoonotic diseases except:

“Rabbit fever” is a zoonotic disease caused by:

Rocky Mountain spotted fever is caused is caused by:

Cytomegalovirus infections are caused by the human herpesvirus number:

Malaria is caused by

Which of the following is a disease caused by a protozoan?

A common complication of necrosis, often related to wounds, is referred to as:

Any infectious disease or infection that can be transmitted from vertebrate animals to humans is classified as:

When bacteria are found in the blood the condition is referred to as:

· involves the lining of the heart or the heart valves

· Infective or noninfective

· Symptoms of infective carditis include fatigue and weakness, fever and chills, weight loss, blood in urine, muscle aches and pains

· Treatment varies

· Most common cause is bacterial; may also be caused by fungi

· Inflammation of muscular portion of heart

· Generally caused by viral or parasitic infections

· Can result in heart failure

· Symptoms include chest pain, fever, shortness of breath, leg swelling, arrhythmias, and congestive heart failure

· Inflammation of the saclike membrane surrounding the heart

· Usually result of complications of a viral infection

· Symptoms include chest pain, breathing difficulty when reclining, dry cough, anxiety, fatigue, and fever

· Inflammatory disease that can develop after a group A streptococcal infection

· Condition involves heart, joints, brain, spinal cord, and skin

· In general, occurs in children between 4 and 18

· Common symptoms include joint pain, fever, chest pain, carditis, rash, nodules under skin

· Treatment is long-term antibiotics and limiting physical activity

· Most common in areas with insufficient standards for public health and domestic animal programs

· Bacteria affect primarily sheep, goats, cattle, deer, elk, pigs, and dogs

· Person-to-person spread is rare, but may occur through breastfeeding

· Presents with flu-like symptoms

· Treatment with antibiotics is possible

· High-risk groups include abattoir workers, meat inspectors, animal handlers, veterinarians, and laboratory technicians.

· In the general U.S. population, the most common cause of infection is the ingestion of unpasteurized milk or other dairy products.

· Severe infections of the central nervous system or the lining of the heart (endocardium) may occur.

· Also called rabbit fever

· Caused by Francisella tularensis, gram-negative bacillus

· Infects blood and lymph nodes

· Transmitted by contact with infected animals, usually rabbits and squirrels

· Most common site to enter body is through minor skin abrasion, where an ulcer will occur

· Symptoms include fever, chills, headache, fatigue, dizziness, muscle aches, joint pain

· Bartonella henselae, an aerobic, gram-negative bacillus

· Transmitted by cat scratches, bites, or even by exposure to saliva on broken skin or contact with the eye

· Symptoms include fever, fatigue, malaise, and headache

· Not spread by person-to-person contact

· Although medical treatment is usually not necessary, in immunocompromised persons and in severe cases of infection, antibiotic treatment may be needed.

· Rare, systemic, infectious disease developing after bite or scratch by infected rat/rodent, handling of an infected rat/rodent, or ingestion of food or water contaminated by rat/rodent excreta

· Symptoms include abrupt onset of chills and fever, vomiting, pain in back and joints, and headache

· Treatable with antibiotics, usually penicillin, erythromycin, or tetracycline; fatal if untreated

· The disease cannot be transmitted from person to person. Possible complications include pericarditis, endocarditis, parotitis (inflammation of the parotid glands, commonly known as mumps), and abscesses in the brain or soft tissue.

· Infectious disease caused by Yersinia pestis

· Following bite by flea that carries bacteria from infected rodent or result of handling infected animal

· Types: Bubonic, Septicemic, Pneumonic

· Recovery provides immunity & Vaccines available

· Elimination of the plague is not realistic because it would require the elimination of its reservoir, namely rodents and other wild animals.

· As a preventive measure, periodic application of rodenticides is advised for ships, airplanes, and buildings or other places with a high population of rodents.

· Caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, bacteria caused by Spirochete

· Transmitted by bite of infected blacklegged tick

· Early symptoms include skin rash, fever and fatigue, headache and stiff neck, muscle pain

· Early stage treatment with antibiotics

· If untreated, can spread to joints, heart, nervous system

· Third stage results in repeated and severe arthritic attacks

· Caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), EBV is also called human herpesvirus 4

· Symptoms include sore throat, fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes; occasionally causes swollen spleen or liver problems

· Transmission requires contact with saliva of infected person

· No specific treatment; symptoms addressed with bed rest and adequate fluids

· Many children become infected with the virus, and the symptoms are indistinguishable from those of other mild illnesses of childhood.

· Present unique challenges for treatment and control

· Once infection reaches circulatory system, treatment becomes problematic due to toxic drug therapies

· The life cycles of many protozoa include intermediate hosts, which may allow for control by interruption of the infection by elimination of the transmission vectors.

· Most common vector-borne infectious disease

· Widespread in tropical and subtropical regions

· Caused by Plasmodium spp.

· Transmission through bite by mosquito; also through blood transfusion from infected donor or sharing needles

· Wide range of symptoms depending on age and immune status

· Uncomplicated and severe types. Most cases reported in the United States are related to exposure through travel or military duty in areas with endemic malaria.

· Four types of the parasite can infect humans: Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium malariae. All the species are transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes but also need to have a human host.

· Also known as human herpesvirus 5

· Remains mostly latent in leukocytes, such as monocytes, neutrophils, T lymphocytes, replicates very slowly

· Spread from person to person by direct contact. The virus can be present in several bodily fluids, including urine, blood, saliva, semen cervical secretions and breast milk. Can be passed to unborn child and about 20% born with CMV will experience permanent disabilities and hearing loss.