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WorksheetsPrinciples of flight
Total questions: 98
Worksheet time: 49mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Describe Troposphere air composition (Link correct percentage and gas)
a)
78 % Nitrogen, 21 % Oxygen, 1 % Pollution, rare gases, CO2, etc
b)
21 % Nitrogen, 78 % Oxygen, 1 % Pollution, rare gases, CO2, etc
c)
45 % Nitrogen, 54 % Oxygen, 1 % Pollution, rare gases, CO2, etc
2.
What is the standard sea level pressure (ISA)
a)
1031 hPa
b)
999 hPa
c)
1013 hPa
3.
Fill in: The weight of the helicopter acts through the…….
a)
CG or Centre of Gravity
b)
Left side of Gravity
c)
Right side of Gravity
4.
Write down the continuity equation
a)
A1/v1=A2/v2
b)
A1v1=A2v2
c)
A1+v1=A2+v2
5.
Choose the correct: The higher the static pressure in a flow, the ……... the dynamic pressure is
a)
higher
b)
lower
c)
same
6.
Choose the correct: The ………..pressure is neccessary for lift to exist
a)
Dynamic
b)
Static
c)
Sum
7.
What are the two principal aerofoil types
a)
upper, downer
b)
only symmetrical
c)
symmetrical, assymetrical (non-symmetrical, cambered)
8.
Given: Symmetrical airfoil, AoA=0. What is the lift generated by the airfoil?
a)
max
b)
min
c)
0
9.
What number is Camber line
a)
1
b)
2
c)
4
10.
What number is Leading edge
a)
8
b)
4
c)
1
11.
What number is Trailing edge
a)
1
b)
3
c)
4
12.
What number is Upper surface
a)
3
b)
5
c)
8
13.
What number is Chord line
a)
2
b)
6
c)
1
14.
Write down the Drag equation formula
a)
½ x rho x S x v2 x CD
b)
½ / rho / S / v2 / CD
c)
2 x rho x S x v2 x CD
15.
How does surface area affect drag
a)
More surface = more drag
b)
More surface = less drag
c)
More surface = same drag
16.
How does angle of attack affect drag
a)
More AoA = more drag
b)
More AoA = less drag
c)
More AoA = same drag
17.
How does roughness of the surface affect the drag
a)
More roughness = less drag
b)
More roughness = same drag
c)
More roughness = more drag
18.
How does airspeed affect the drag
a)
Increased airspeed = less drag
b)
Increased airspeed = more drag
c)
Increased airspeed = same drag
19.
What is induced drag
a)
A by-product of weight
b)
A by-product of speed
c)
A by-product of lift
20.
What is interference drag?
a)
Additional drag due to interaction of vortices forming in corners of the aircraft’s surface
b)
Additional weight due to interaction of vortices forming in corners of the aircraft’s surface
c)
Additional speed due to interaction of vortices forming in corners of the aircraft’s surface
21.
Write down the Lift equation formula
a)
½ x rho x S x v2 x CL
b)
½ / rho / S / v2 / CD
c)
2 x rho x S x v2 x CD
22.
Choose correct answer: The higher the lift produced by a given airfoil, the ……...is produced
a)
more drag
b)
less drag
c)
same drag
23.
What is the standard sea level pressure (ISA):
a)
995 hPa
b)
1031 hPa
c)
1013 hPa
24.
Fill in: The weight of the helicopter acts through the…….
a)
DG
b)
CG
c)
FG
25.
Choose correct: The lift is always ……..to the …….flow
a)
parallel, resulting inflow
b)
perpendicular, resulting inflow
c)
perpendicular, resulting speed
26.
Given: A1=10, v1=5, A2=2, v2=?
a)
10
b)
25
c)
50
27.
Choose the correct answer: The higher the dynamic pressure in a flow, the …….. is static pressure
a)
lower
b)
higher
c)
same
28.
Choose the correct answer: Total pressure ……….with an increase in the velocity of air flow
a)
higher
b)
lower
c)
remains the same
29.
What are the two principal aerofoil types
a)
only symmetrical
b)
only asymmetrical
c)
symmetrical, asymmetrical/nonsymmetrical/cambered
30.
Choose correct answer: Given: Nonsymmetrical airfoil, AoA greater than 0. The lift is ……….than 0.
a)
lower
b)
greater
c)
same
31.
What is symmetrical airfoils
a)
pict. 1
b)
pict. 2
32.
What is asymmetrical airfoils
a)
pict. 1
b)
pict. 2
33.
Write down the Lift equation formula
a)
Lift=2 x rho x S x v2 x CL
b)
Lift=1/2 x rho x S x v2 x CL
c)
Lift=1/2 x rho / S x v2 / CL
34.
How does the roughness of a surface affect lift
a)
More roughness=same lift
b)
More roughness=more lift
c)
More roughness=less lift
35.
How does angle of attack affect lift
a)
Higher AoA = More Lift (to a certain AoA)
b)
Higher AoA = less Lift (to a certain AoA)
c)
Higher AoA = Same Lift (to a certain AoA)
36.
What is drag
a)
A force created by body of weight through fluid/air and opposing its movement
b)
A speed created by body moving through fluid/air and opposing its movement
c)
A force created by body moving through fluid/air and opposing its movement
37.
How does surface area affect drag
a)
More surface = less drag
b)
More surface = more drag
c)
More surface = more speed
38.
How does airspeed affect drag
a)
More airspeed = more drag
b)
More airspeed = less drag
c)
More airspeed = same drag
39.
Which of the following shapes of equal size has the highest form drag (check one)
a)
pict. 1
b)
pict. 2
c)
pict. 3
d)
pict. 4
40.
Given: Symmetrical airfoil, AoA=0, what is the induced drag?
a)
0
b)
min
c)
max
41.
What is parasite drag
a)
Drag formed by parts of helicopter producing lift
b)
speed formed by parts of helicopter not producing lift
c)
Drag formed by parts of helicopter not producing lift
42.
How does the airspeed affect parasite drag?
a)
Increased airspeed = decreased parasite drag
b)
Increased airspeed = same parasite drag
c)
Increased airspeed = increased parasite drag
43.
Choose correct answer: The higher the lift produced by a given airfoil, the ……...drag is produced
a)
less
b)
more
c)
0
44.
What is the definition of thrust
a)
A force opposing drag, moves an aircraft through the air
b)
A force parallel drag, moves an aircraft through the air
c)
A force perpendicular drag, moves an aircraft through the air
45.
The……...is the only force that keeps the helicopter in the air
a)
lift
b)
weigh
c)
force
46.
Choose correct answer: The capability of the rotor and engine combination to produce thrust is …….
a)
unlimited
b)
Zero
c)
limited
47.
As the rotor spins, each section along the blade has ………..rotational velocity
a)
different
b)
same
c)
0
48.
The larger the diameter of the rotor, the ………..engine power is required to produce the same amount of thrust
a)
morr
b)
less
c)
same
49.
The torque reaction of rotor turning anticlockwise when viewed from the top, tends to rotate the helicopter to the ….
a)
right
b)
left
c)
center
50.
Main rotor torque reaction is balanced by…
a)
tail rotor thrust
b)
main rotor thrust
c)
horizontal and vertical stabilizator
51.
Coning of the blade is caused by the combination of ………and
a)
centrifugal force, weight generated by the blade
b)
centrifugal weight, lift generated by the blade
c)
centrifugal force, lift generated by the blade
52.
A gyroscope (or a rotating body) tends to keep its orientation (or position) in……..
a)
water
b)
space
c)
clouds
53.
To deflect the blade down over the nose of the helicopter means, that the.............must be decreased when that blade passes on the........ side of the helicopter. To answer this question, consider helicopter with main rotor turning anticlockwise when viewed from the top.
a)
pitch (or AoA or lift) , left
b)
pitch (or AoA or lift) , right
c)
bank (or AoA or lift) , right
54.
What is the Vy speed used for
a)
Best RoC
b)
Less RoC
c)
Best speed
55.
How is the dissymmetry of lift ballanced in a helicopter rotor system
a)
Blade swinging
b)
Blade teetering
c)
Blade flapping
56.
Choose correct answer: Transverse flow causes the main rotor to tilt down on the …….side of the rotor
a)
retreating
b)
riching
c)
advancing
57.
Choose correct answer: Thrust acts………….. to the tip path plane
a)
parallel
b)
perpendicular
c)
opposite
58.
The……….is the only force that propels the helicopter in direction of movement
a)
lift
b)
thrust
c)
weight
59.
Overall resultant blade inflow speed is a combination of speed of………..and speed of………
a)
rotation, translation
b)
feathering, rotation
c)
helicopter, car
60.
Choose correct: Rotor thrust forces the air …...through the rotor
a)
up
b)
down
c)
forward
61.
The ground effect may be relied upon to a maximum height of………..
a)
two rotor diameter
b)
half rotor diameter
c)
one rotor diameter
62.
Lift generated by rotor blades relates to………while drag generated by rotor blades relates to…………
a)
torque, thrust
b)
speed, weight
c)
thrust, torque
63.
The more power is required from the rotor or engine, the ………….rotor torque reaction will be created
a)
less
b)
same
c)
more
64.
Tail rotor thrust tends to move the helicopter to the ……... To answer this question, consider helicopter with main rotor turning anticlockwise when viewed from the top.
a)
right
b)
centre
c)
left
65.
Lead-lagging of the blades is caused by……...effect
a)
Newton
b)
Pascal
c)
Coriolis
66.
A force applied on the circumference of the rotor perpendicular to the plane of rotation will show its effect ………..later in the direction of rotation
a)
45 deg
b)
90 deg
c)
180 deg
67.
To deflect the blade down over the tail of the helicopter means the …………must be decreased when that blade passes on the ………..side of the helicopter. To answer this question, consider helicopter with main rotor turning anticlockwise when viewed from the top.
a)
pitch (or AoA or lift), right
b)
pitch (or AoA or lift), left
c)
roll (or AoA or lift), left
68.
What causes the flapback
a)
Dissymetry of lift and blades flapping
b)
Symetry of lift and blades flapping
c)
Dissymetry of lift and blades tethering
69.
Transverse flow effect is caused by the
a)
Flow of the air across the rotor in a hovering
b)
Flow of the air across the rotor in a flight
c)
Flow of the air across the rotor in a autorotation
70.
When turning left, the ball is on the left. To correct for this, the ……….pedal must be pushed or bank angle has to be …………
a)
right, reduced
b)
left, increased
c)
left, reduced
71.
When turning left, the ball is in the center. What is required from the pilot in this situation?
a)
Maintain your current control inputs
b)
Maintain your current control output
c)
nothing
72.
During autorotation, the blade is „divided“ into…………. sections producing lift, drag and propelling force
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
73.
The middle portion of the blade in autorotation produces……..and force ……….the rotor RPM.
a)
thurst and drag, propelling
b)
speed and drag, propelling
c)
lift and drag, propelling
74.
The ability of the helicopter to autorotate during various phases of flight is determined by the……….(hint: information can be found in the flight manual)
a)
S-H Diagramme or Dead Man’s curve
b)
H-V Diagramme or Dead Man’s curve
c)
manual
75.
Choose/indicate 6 typical autorotation phases from the cruise
a)
Entry, Stabilized autorotation/climb, Choose an appropriate landing spot, Flare, Level-off/level skids,Touch-down
b)
Entry, Unstabilized autorotation/descent, Choose an appropriate landing spot, Flare, Level-off/level skids,Touch-down
c)
Entry, Stabilized autorotation/descent, Choose an appropriate landing spot, Flare, Level-off/level skids,Touch-down
76.
Retreating blade stall occurs when the airspeed is too
a)
high
b)
low
c)
cruise
77.
Ground resonance may occur when the helicopter landing gear dampers are
a)
damaged
b)
cleaned
c)
washed
78.
The best way to get out of impeding ground resonance during rotor spin-up is to
a)
cut the throttle
b)
more the throttle
c)
wait
79.
Helicopters with main rotor turning anti-clockwise when viewed from the top: LTE may occur when performing pedal turns to the ……too aggressively
a)
left
b)
center
c)
right
80.
Helicopters with main rotor turning anti-clockwise when viewed from the top: LTE may occur when the wind blows from ……….side
a)
front right
b)
front left
c)
front aft
81.
Low speed flight and hover: Collective controls:
a)
left, right bank
b)
control RPM
c)
Climb and descent
82.
High speed flight: Cyclic controls:
a)
climb and descent
b)
control RPM
c)
pitch and bank(roll)
83.
High speed flight: Pedals controls:
a)
slip and skid
b)
climb and descent
c)
pitch and bank(roll)
84.
Choose correct: Transverse flow causes the main rotor to tilt down on the ………..side of the rotor
a)
retreating
b)
advancing
c)
both
85.
When turning,right the ball is on the left. To correct for this, the ……….pedal must be pushed or bank angle has to be ………..
a)
right, reduced
b)
left, increased
c)
left, reduced
86.
During autorotation, the flow through the rotor is from ………..to……….the helicopter
a)
left, right
b)
below, above
c)
forward, aft
87.
The outermost portion of the blade in autorotation produces………..and force…………...down the rotor RPM.
a)
force and drag, slowing
b)
speed and force, slowing
c)
lift and drag, slowing
88.
The innermost portion of the blade in autorotation produces……...and force ……….down the rotor RPM.
a)
drag, slowing
b)
speed, slowing
c)
force, slowing
89.
The normal take-off and approach profile shall ……...the „grey“ portions of the H-V diagramme
a)
stay
b)
permit
c)
avoid
90.
Great rates of descent combined with low airspeeds or tailwinds shall be avoided because of danger of…………
a)
gold ring state
b)
worst ring state
c)
vortex ring state
91.
Ground resonance may occur when the helicopter lead-lag dampers are ……….
a)
damaged
b)
cleaned
c)
improved
92.
The best way to get out of impeding ground resonance during touch-down (or shortly after touch-down) is to…………
a)
lift-off again
b)
lift-on again
c)
shut down
93.
Mast bumping is the most dangerous consequence of ………..
a)
hi-g situation
b)
low-g situation
c)
0 g situation
94.
Helicopters with main rotor turning anti-clockwise when viewed from the top: LTE may occur when flying sideways to the………...too fast
a)
right
b)
left
c)
aft
95.
Low speed flight and hover: Cyclic controls:
a)
opposite direction of travel
b)
aft of travel
c)
direction of travel
96.
Low speed flight and hover: Pedals controls:
a)
Yawing
b)
Rolling
c)
Pitching
97.
High speed flight: Collective controls:
a)
Rate of bank
b)
Rate of climb and descent
c)
Rate of turn
98.
Low speed flight: Throttle controls:
a)
Rate of climb and descent
b)
Rate of bank
c)
RPM
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