Earliest phase of the Pueblos. Natives to Southwestern US.

Last ruler of the Incas. Killed by Pizarro.

Native tribe that ruled most of modern-day Mexico prior to Spanish conquest of the region.

Portuguese explorer that was first to find a route to India from Europe that wasn't through Asia, but around the southern tip of Africa.

Spanish colonists that advocated for the rights of the indigenous peoples (natives in America).

Used to connect the Lena River in Russia and the Mackenzie River in Canada.

Pandemic that killed between 200-400 million people during the mid 1300s. It was a deadly bacterial infection carried by fleas.

A book written by Julian Juderias, that wrote about the lack of "good" brought to the Americas except for the gains of the Spanish Conquistadors.

A city that was as big as London in 1250 that was across the Mississippi River from modern-day St.Louis.

Papermaking, Gunpowder, Compass, & printing on the paper.

Italian explorer that sailed under the Spanish flag. He mistakenly thought he had reached "India" and called the natives "Indians", but in fact he had discovered a new world.

The widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas, West Africa, and the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries.

A Spanish labor system that reward the Spanish Conquistadors in the Americas & made the indigenous people much like slaves.

Portuguese explorer that sailed under the Spanish flag when he became the first to circumnavigate the world. He did not survive the end of the journey, but his men gave him the credit.

A group of related mendicant religious orders within the Catholic Church, founded in 1209 by Saint Francis of Assisi.

The Spanish Conquistador in search of the Seven Golden Cities that was the first to explore the Southwestern portion of the USA.

The Spanish Conquistador that conquered the Incas in Peru by murdering their king, Atalupha.

Ancient civilization in Africa along the Sahara & the Negal & Niger Rivers.

Italian explorer that sailed under the French flag. He was the first to explore the Atlantic coast line from Florida to New Brunswick.

The Spanish Conquistador that conquered the very large civilization in Mexico known as the Aztecs.

The Spanish Conquistador that helped conquer the Incas in Peru, discovered the Mississippi River, and mapped much of the southern region of the USA.

One of the largest and most sophisticated Mesoamerican empires in America prior to Columbus. Located in South America.

One of the most intelligent native tribes in the US during exploration & colonization. It was actually a federation of 5-6 tribes that had one language with a semi-formal government.

French explorer that mapped much of northern Americas and is known for his discovery of the St. Lawrence River.

The German man that invented the printing press and brought words to the masses.

The Italian navigator that sailed under the English Flag. Landed on the coast of northern Americas right after Columbus along the Laborador Coast in Canada.

A French theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation.

King of England for 36 years in which he created the Anglican Church or Church of England during the Protestant Reformation. His motives were not theological, rather they were matrimonial.

The Norse explorer from Iceland that was the first European to ever set foot on the Americas prior to Columbus.

Ancient civilization in Africa along the Niger River to Gao, almost 1,200 miles to the Atlantic Coast.

The Italian navigator that is known for his many travels to China using the land not the water.

The German monk that nailed the 95 Theses to the wall of the Catholic Church and started the Protestant Reformation. He protested many things,but the greatest was the corruption of the Catholic Church by the selling of indulgences.

Mesoamerican civilization that was known for its sophisticated alphabet, art, architecture, mathematics, calendar, and astronomical system

A person of mixed Spanish descent & indigenous.

9th Aztec Emperor that ruled in modern-day Mexico City- ruler of the Tenochtitlán.

The various cultures collectively termed "Mound Builders" were inhabitants of North America who, during a 5,000-year period, constructed various styles of earthen mounds for religious, ceremonial, burial, and elite residential purposes.

The Turkish speaking people in the Ottoman Empire. They will block all the routes to Asia by land when they take over Constantinople from the Byzantine Empire. This will be cause of Exploration to seek a water route to Asia.

The Spanish Conquistador that started as a soldier that helped find Jamaica, he helped conquer Cuba, and finally he led his own royal expedition to Camagüey, Cuba.

The Portuguese explorer that is given credit for discovering Brazil.

The Spanish Conquistador that discovered Florida & later became the governor of Puerto Rico.

The Portuguese royalty that sponsored much of the navigation journeys to discover a water route to Asia. Ultimately, his sponsorship will lead to the discovery of a water route around the African coast.

The challenge of the Catholic Church in the 16th century.

A north American indian tribe known for their adobe homes. Also, known as the Anasazi culture in prehistoric times.

The Queen of England, the virgin queen, the last of the Tudor dynasty. Her reign was known as the Golden Age because England was prosperous & she valued the arts.

The Queen of England that is best known for her aggressive push to reverse the English Reformation under her Father. She killed so many zealots they called her Bloody Mary.

A long series of wars between the Christians and the Muslims over the Iberian Peninsula (Spain). During the Middle Ages.

A period of "rebirth" following the Middle Ages in Europe that promoted the rediscovery of classical philosophy, literature and art.

This English explorer helped defeat the Spanish Armada, was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and he was the first to reach the Pacific around the America's through "Strait of Magellan"

The English explorer that founded & lost Roanoke, the "lost colony". After this loss he established a colony close & called it Virginia after the "virgin queen"

This pre-colonization empire in Africa was once the Mali Empire. It was the largest and strongest of the 3 ancient civilizations in africa.

It is claimed to be the oldest city in America on the coast of Florida on the Atlantic.

Also, known as the line of demarcation. This was an agreement between the Portuguese and Spain over the newly discovered lands & soon to be discovered lands. Basically, Central and South America were divided up between Portugal and Spain. Spain got most of the land, but the line was far enough west to give Brazil to Portugal.

This Portuguese explorer is considered to have started the age of exploration with him being the first to reach Asia by water.

This Spanish Conquistador established a colony on the isthmus of Panama. While searching for gold he stumbled upon being the first to see the Pacific Ocean from the New World.

They are considered to be the first to discover America by documentation of landing on Newfoundland.