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Total questions: 10
Worksheet time: 5mins
A 45-year-old man was admitted to the ward due to high grade fever. During physical examination, he was found to have systolic murmur at left sternal edge. Echocardiogram done and confirmed that he had mitral regurgitation. The most likely cardiac event that occurs during the murmur was
atrial contraction.
closing of pulmonary valve.
opening of aortic valve.
opening of tricuspid valve.
second heart sound.
A 16-year-old student had motor vehicle accident and sustained massive bleeding due to fracture of right femur. Select the most likely factor that initiates the haemodynamic changes in maintaining his cardiac output.
Decreased AV nodal delay
Increased myocardial contractility
Reduced firing of baroreceptor
Short R-R interval
Venoconstriction
During a cardiac transplant surgery, you noticed that the heart able to beat by its own on the side table. This property is called autorhythmicity. It occurs most likely due to the presence of
long lasting calcium channel in the SA node.
many gap junctions between the myocytes.
pacemaker potential in the SA node.
plateau phase in the ventricular muscle.
threshold potential in the AV node.
A 20-year-old man was requested to take a chest radiograph in the clinic for a job application. The technician asked him to hold his breath during radiography. The statement that best explains the pressure in his lungs is that
intra-alveolar pressure is less than atmospheric pressure.
intra-alveolar pressure is less than intra-pleural pressure.
intra-pleural pressure is at the lowest value.
intra-pleural pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure.
transmural pressure is equal to 0.
A 16-year-old girl had an asthmatic attack after cleaning a dusty room. She was rushed to hospital for medical treatment. The most significant value of lung volume or capacity that is affected in her is
increase in functional residual capacity.
increase in tidal volume.
increase in total lung capacity.
reduce in forced expiratory volume at first second (FEV1).
reduce in inspiratory reserve volume.
A 35-year-old man lying on the bed was asked to sit upright. Select the statement that best describes the change of ventilation and/or perfusion due to posture changes.
Lung tissue at the base expands more than apex.
More oxygen delivered to the apex compare to the base of the lung.
Perfusion is higher at the apex compare to the base of the lung.
Ventilation is higher at the apex compare to the base of the lung.
Ventilation perfusion ratio increases from apex to the base of the lung.
A 47-year-old man presented to the emergency department complaining of nausea and vomiting a couple of hours after dinner. He was later diagnosed to have a small bowel obstruction. Which of the following is the most likely stimulus for vomiting centre in the brain?
Increased adrenaline secretion
Intestinal distension
Pain sensation
The toxin in the blood
Vestibular nuclei discharge
A 38-year-old woman was referred with a 5-year history of nocturnal diarrhoea that had become worse over the preceding 12 months. She had lost 10 kg in 2 years, but her appetite was normal. Investigation showed a macrocytic anaemia (Hb 10.8 g/dL, MCV of 132fL).Colonoscopy showed Crohn’s disease involving terminal ileum. It most likely reduces the absorption of
calcium.
folate.
iron.
vitamin B12.
vitamin K.
A 55-year-old woman was admitted to your unit with a complaint of increasing fatigue, breathlessness with activity and decreased ability to perform mental function. She has been drinking more fluids in response to increased thirst but is not urinating as much. She has gained 2.5 kg for the past week despite decreased appetite.
In the presence of antidiuretic hormone, the greatest fraction of filtered water is most likely absorbed in the
cortical collecting duct.
distal tubule.
loop of Henle.
medullary collecting duct.
proximal tubule.
A 55-year-old woman was admitted to your unit with a complaint of increasing fatigue, breathlessness with activity and decreased ability to perform mental function. She has been drinking more fluids in response to increased thirst but is not urinating as much. She has gained 2.5 kg for the past week despite decreased appetite.
The patient suffered from syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. The most likely electrolytes imbalance in this situation is
hyperkalemia.
hypernatremia.
hypocalcemia.
hypokalemia.
hyponatremia.
