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Virus Structure & Function

Total questions: 40

Worksheet time: 26mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Any biological agent that can cause disease is called:

a)

A decomposer

b)

A Viroid

c)

A Pathogen

d)

A Parasite

2.

A student makes the claim that viruses are not organisms. Which of the following would serve as evidence to support the argument that viruses are non-living?

a)

Viruses are not made of cells

b)

Viruses cannot carry out any cellular processes.

c)

Viruses cannot be cultured on nutrient agar.

d)

All of the above are evidence.

3.

What does a virus require in order to reproduce?

a)

Energy in the form of ATP.

b)

Another virus with which to exchange genetic material.

c)

A host cell.

d)

A source of nutrients.

4.

The first virus ever discovered was the ____________ virus. It was discovered by ___________.

a)

Tobacco mosaic / Wendell Stanley

b)

HIV / Theodore Schwann

c)

Polio / Leeuwenhoek

d)

Influenza / Alexander Fleming

5.

Which of the following best explains why it took scientists so long to discover viruses?

a)

Viruses are complex and varies so it took many experiments to prove the existence of viruses.

b)

Viruses are incredibly microscopic so they could not be observed until the invention of the electron microscope.

c)

Viruses tend to mutate and change rapidly, so it was difficult to prove they were the cause of illnesses.

d)

Scientists were not that interested in curing the diseases caused by viruses.

6.

Viruses are much smaller that even the smallest bacterial cell. For this reason, they must be measured in units called:

a)

decimeters (dm)

b)

centimeters (cm)

c)

nanometers (nm)

d)

micrometers (um)

7.

The virus shown is best described as:

a)

bacteriophage

b)

enveloped

c)

rod / helical

d)

polyhedral

8.

The virus shown is best described as:

a)

bacteriophage

b)

enveloped

c)

rod / helical

d)

polyhedral

9.

The virus shown is best described as:

a)

bacteriophage

b)

enveloped

c)

rod / helical

d)

polyhedral

10.

The virus shown is best described as:

a)

bacteriophage

b)

enveloped

c)

rod / helical

d)

polyhedral

11.

Observe the diagram of the two viruses.

Part A is the ______________

a)

Genetic material

b)

Capsid

c)

Ligand

d)

Envelope

12.

Observe the diagram of the two viruses.

Part B is the ______________

a)

Genetic material

b)

Capsid

c)

Ligand

d)

Envelope

13.

Observe the diagram of the two viruses.

Part C is the ______________

a)

Genetic material

b)

Capsid

c)

Ligand

d)

Envelope

14.

Observe the diagram of the two viruses.

Part D is the ______________

a)

Genetic material

b)

Capsid

c)

Ligand

d)

Envelope

15.

Which of the following is NOT true about viruses?

a)

All viruses contain both DNA and RNA

b)

All viruses Have a protein coat

c)

All viruses contain genetic material made of nucleic acid

d)

All viruses must invade a host cell to reproduce

e)

All viruses are non-living.

16.

Which of the following best explains how scientist classify viruses?

a)

Based on the type of host cell they need.

b)

Based on the type of genetic material they contain.

c)

Based on whether they have an envelope or not.

d)

Based on whether they can be treated with antibiotic or not.

17.

An RNA virus that contains the enzyme called, reverse transcriptase, would be called:

a)

Virulent

b)

a retrovirus

c)

a bacteriophage

d)

a Lytic virus

18.

The viral reproductive Process shown in the diagram is called:

a)

The Lysogenic cycle

b)

Binary Fission

c)

The Lytic Cycle

d)

Conjugation

19.

Which of the following best explains what is happening in step 3?

a)

The host cell is lysing, releasing many new viruses into the environment.

b)

The Virus has attached to the host cell.

c)

The Host cell is assembling the viral parts into new viruses.

d)

The virus is injecting its genetic material into the host cell.

e)

The Host cell is being forced to replicate the viral DNA and to produce the viral proteins.

20.

An individual was infected with a particular virus. The symptoms caused by the virus began very shortly after infection. The person's immune system was able to fight off the infection and they now have a lifetime immunity and will never get sick from this particular virus again. Based on the information given, is this a lysogenic or lytic virus?

a)

Lysogenic virus

b)

Lytic virus

21.

Observe the diagram of a viral reproduction process.

This process is called:

a)

Binary fission

b)

Lysogenic cycle

c)

Lytic cycle

d)

Transformation

22.

An individual is infected with a virus but the symptoms of illness do not show up for several months. Their immune system responds and their symptoms go away but continue to recur again and again throughout their entire life.

Based on the information above, is this a Lysogenic virus or Lytic virus?

a)

Lysogenic virus

b)

Lytic virus

23.

Which of the following could trigger the activation of a latent lysogenic virus?

a)

UV radiation

b)

Stress

c)

High temperature

d)

All of the above

24.

Observe the diagram of a viral reproduction process.

Which of the following best explains what is happening in step 5?

a)

The virus has identified and attached to its specific host cell.

b)

The viral genome has entered the host cell choromosome, becoming a prophage

c)

The latent prophage has been activated by an environmental factor to leave the host cell chromosome and enter the lytic phase of the cycle.

d)

The host cell is forced to produce viral genetic material and proteins.

25.

Which of the following best explain how a virus locates the correct type of host cell?

a)

Any virus can attach to and infect any host cell.

b)

The the phospholipids on the the host cell membrane recognize the viral genome and bring it into the cell.

c)

Ligands on the virus fit like a key with protein receptors on the host cell membrane, which causes the host cell to allow the virus to enter.

d)

Receptors on the virus fit like a key into ligands on the host cell membrane, causing the host cell to allow the virus to enter.

26.

Structure B represents a:

a)

Cell receptor

b)

Capsid

c)

Capsule

d)

Ligand

27.

Structure A represents a:

a)

Cell receptor

b)

Capsid

c)

Capsule

d)

Ligand

28.

Observe the virus in the diagram. Analyze the various host cells. Which host cell will it be able to infect?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

29.

Viral DNA that has been incorporated into the host cell chromosome is called:

a)

A Prophage / Provirus

b)

A Ligand

c)

A Pathogen

d)

A Parasite

30.

Which of the following is an example of a disease caused by a Lysogenic virus resulting in recurring bouts of symptoms repeatedly throughout your entire life?

a)

both Cold sores and Chicken pox

b)

the common cold

c)

Polio

d)

Mumps

31.

When a healthy person is infected by either a virus or a bacterium, their immune system will respond by producing specific proteins to tag the invader for destruction. These proteins are called:

a)

Antigens

b)

Antibodies

c)

Antibiotics

d)

Vaccines

32.

Structure X represents a protein made by the immune system called:

a)

Antibody

b)

Antigen

c)

White blood cell

d)

capsid

33.

The four yellow models represent foreign proteins that have entered the body. All foreign proteins can be called:

a)

Antibody

b)

Antigen

c)

White blood cell

d)

capsid

34.

The four yellow models represent foreign proteins such as those found on bacteria and viruses. Predict which foreign protein molecule X will be able to mark for destruction:

a)

Only A

b)

Only C

c)

Only B

d)

Both C and D

35.

Which of the following is NOT true about vaccines?

a)

It is an injection containing a deactivated virus or viral antigens.

b)

It is effective at treating a viral illness after you are showing symptoms.

c)

It activates your immune system to produce proteins called antibodies.

d)

Vaccines function to prevent viral illnesses.

36.

Object A in the diagram represents:

a)

a virus

b)

a bacterial cell

c)

a white blood cell

d)

a prokaryote

37.

Which of the following best explains why A is engulfing the pathogen?

a)

The pathogen has been tagged with antibodies so the WBC will digest it.

b)

A needs nutrients

c)

The pathogen has used ligands to gain entrance to the host cell.

d)

A needs to engulf the pathogen in order to produce antibodies.

38.

Which of the following are NOT diseases caused by a virus?

a)

Polio and Hepatitis

b)

The common cold and the flu

c)

Tetanus and Tuberculosis

d)

AIDS and Ebola

39.

Which of the following are personal practices that can reduce your risk of contracting a bacterial or viral infection?

a)

Wash your hands after going to the bathroom, and before preparing food.

b)

Keep you hands away from your eyes, nose and mouth.

c)

Do not drink and eat after others.

d)

Avoid contact with the body fluids of others.

e)

All of the above

40.

Which of the following components would be found in ALL viruses?

a)

protein capsid

b)

nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA)

c)

an envelope

d)

tail & tail fibers